中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)語法第七講非謂語動詞資料（通用版）

1、非謂語動詞概述在句子中充當除謂語動詞以外的句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞包括不定式（to do）,動名詞（-ing），現(xiàn)在分詞（-ing），過去分詞（-ed）。他們不受主語人稱和數(shù)的限制，在句子中不能充當謂語動詞，但是可以充當句子的其他成分 ，并且有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，所以要正確使用非謂語形式，一定要理解不同形式所表現(xiàn)的意義，要明確非謂語動詞與邏輯主語之間是“主動”還是“被動”關(guān)系，所表示的動作是“過去”，“現(xiàn)在”，還是“將來”，以及和謂語動詞所表現(xiàn)的動作是同步發(fā)生還是有先后之分。 內(nèi)容形式動詞不定式（to do）動名詞（doing）現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）過去分詞（done）意義1

2、.相當于名詞、形容詞、副詞2.含有將來的意思1.相當于名詞2.含有經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的意思1.相當于形容詞、副詞2.含有主動、現(xiàn)在、進行的意思1.相當于形容詞、副詞2.含有被動、完成的意思句子成分主語賓語表語定語狀語賓語補足語主語賓語表語定語表語定語狀語賓語補足語表語定語狀語賓語補足語不定式1、 不定式的句法功能1. 不定式做主語To see is to believe眼見為實To work means to earn a living 工作就是為了謀生Tip:不定式做主語，太長的時候，通常用形式主語it來代替。It is impossible for us to live without cle

3、an water.沒有干凈的水，我們是不可能生存的（it來代替to live without clean water）2. 不定式做賓語We need to take measures to prevent people from damaging environment.我們應(yīng)該采取措施阻止人們破壞環(huán)境I want to watch TV.我想看電視3. 不定式做表語（說明主語的內(nèi)容、性質(zhì)、特征）主語通常是表意向、打算、計劃的詞，如：wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,dream,aim等，常用to do 不定式做表語My dream is to be a teacher

4、.我的夢想是成為一名老師My duty is to take good care of my little sister.我的責任就是照顧我的妹妹4. 不定式做定語（后置定語，來修飾名詞）常見不定式做后置定語的詞：way,ability,chance,time,place,the first,the second,the only,the last 等I have a lot of homework to do .我有許多作業(yè)要做He is the first to come and the last to leave.他是第一個來的，最后一個走的She has enough money to

5、 buy a computer.她有足夠的錢買一臺電腦5. 不定式做賓補（V+sb to do sth）My mother tells me to do my homework first.我的媽媽告訴我要先做作業(yè)He invited us to go for a picnic last weekend.上周末他邀請我們?nèi)ヒ安?. 不定式做狀語（狀語是用來修飾動詞的）（1）做目的狀語I come here to tell you that I have finished doing my homework.我來是為了告訴你我的作業(yè)已經(jīng)寫完了（to tell you.做目的狀語）He bough

6、t a bag of food to eat他買了一包食物吃（to eat 做目的狀語）（2） 做結(jié)果狀語He got to the station,only to find the train has already left .他到達車站，發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)離開了（火車離開是結(jié)果狀語）He is too young to go to school.他太小了而不能上學(xué)（不能去上學(xué)是結(jié)果 ）（3） 原因狀語I am sorry to hear that you lost your wallet.聽說你的錢包丟了我很難過（難過的原因是錢包丟了）They were excited to hear the

7、 news.他們聽到這個消息很激動（激動的原因是聽到了消息）2、 接不定式作賓語的動詞（V+to do sth）afford（支付得起）,agree（同意）,aks（要求）choose（選擇）,continue（繼續(xù)），decide（決定）dare（敢于）,expect（期望）,fail（失?。﹉elp（幫助）,hope（希望）,learn（學(xué)）,like（喜歡）manage（成功）,offer（提供）plan（計劃）prepare（準備）,promise（承諾）,prefer（更喜歡）refuse（拒絕）,want（想要）,wish（希望）3、 接不定式作賓補的動詞（V+sb to do s

8、th）tell,ask,want,wish,warn,teach,expect,encourage,allow,advise,remind,require,request,permit,persuade,order,need,leave,invite,hate,force,command,beg等tell sb to do sth告訴某人做某事ask sb to do sth詢問某人做某事want sb to do sth想要某人做某事wish sb to do sth希望某人做某事warn sb to do sth警告某人做某事teach sb to do sth教某人做某事expect s

9、b to do sth希望某人做某事encourage sb to do sth鼓勵某人做某事allow sb to do sth允許某人做某事advise sb to do sth建議某人做某事remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事require sb to do sth要求某人做某事request sb to do sth要求某人做某事permit sb to do sth允許某人做某事persuade sb to do sth說服某人做某事order sb to do sth命令某人做某事need sb to do sth需要某人做某事leave sb to do sth留

10、下某人做某事invite sb to do sth邀請某人做某事hate sb to do sth討厭某人做某事force sb to do sth強迫某人做某事command sb to do sth命令某人做某事beg sb to do sth 乞求某人做某事4、 不帶to的動詞不定式（1） 感官動詞hear,see,watch,notice,feel等后跟不帶to的不定式感官動詞+sb+do sth表示：動作的全過程感官動詞+sb+doing sth表示：動作正在進行（2） 使役動詞make,let,have（使，讓）+ sb do sth 讓某人做某事。但是在被動語態(tài)中不定式的to不能

11、省略Eg:My mother made me do homework.（變被動）I was made to do homework by my mother.（3） 其他省略不定式to的搭配had better（最好.）,would rather.than（寧愿.而不源.）,cant but（不得不）do nothing but.只做，why not.為什么不.Eg:You had better finish your homework on time.你最好按時完成作業(yè)I would rather play football than watch TV.我寧愿踢足球也不愿看電視I cant

12、but stop him eating.我不得不阻止他吃東西I can do nothing but read books.除了讀書我什么也干不了Why not go swimming.為什么不去游泳呢（4） 兩個以及以上的動詞不定式并列使用時，第一個不定式to保留，其余的to都可省略Eg:I want to sing and dance.我想唱歌跳舞They invite us to eat and drink.他們邀請我們吃、喝5、 to do 不定式的經(jīng)典句型（1） too.to.（太.而不能）=not.enough to doHe is too young to take care o

13、f himself.他太小了而不能照顧自己=He is not old enough to take care of himself.（2） Its+adj+for/of sb to do sth 對某人來說做某事很.當形容詞是描述事情（sth）的時候要用foreasy,difficult,interesting,important,impossible,possible,necessary等當形容詞描述人（sb）的時候要用ofkind,good,nice,polite,rude,patient,careful,careless（3） Its +n+to do sth做某事很.Its grea

14、t fun to play here.在這玩很開心Its my dream to live with my parents我的夢想的是和我的父母住在一起（4） Sb+adj+to do sth某人做某事很.（常見形容詞happy,glad,sorry,excited）I am happy to see you.見到你很高興He was excited to hear the news.他聽到這個消息很開心（5） Sb find/think/believe it +adj +to do sth某人發(fā)現(xiàn)/認為/相信做某事很.He finds it interesting to learn Engl

15、ish.他發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)英語很有興趣I believe it necessary to finish our homework.我相信完成作業(yè)是很有必要的動名詞1、 動名詞的句法功能1. 動名詞做主語（動名詞做主語謂語動詞用單三）Reading books is one of his hobbies.讀書是他的愛好之一Watching too much TV does harm to our eyes.看太多電視對我們的眼睛不好Getting up early is good for our health.早起對我們的身體健康有好處2. 動名詞做賓語He likes dancing他喜歡跳舞They

16、enjoy having English class.他們喜歡上英語課3. 動名詞做表語（說明主語的內(nèi)容、動作。主語和表語可以互換） My favourite is swimming.=Swimming is my favourite.我最喜愛的是游泳His hobby is collecting stamps。=Collecting stamps is his hobby.他的愛好是收集郵票4. 動名詞做定語（說明所修飾名詞的性質(zhì)、用途）You can have a rest in the waiting room .你可以在等候室休息一下（a room for waiting）We hav

17、e a reading room in our school.在我們學(xué)校有一個閱讀室（a room for reading）2、 后只加動名詞的動詞和搭配1. 動詞admit（承認）,advise（建議）suggest（建議）,allow（允許）appreciate（感謝）,aviod（避免）consider（考慮）,enjoy（享受）finish（完成），delay（推遲）deny（否認），miss（想念，錯過）keep（保持）practise（練習(xí)）2. 搭配be used to doing sth習(xí)慣于做某事be interested in doing對做.感興趣be busy doin

18、g sth 忙于做某事be good at doing stht 擅長做某事be worth doing sth某事值得做cant help doing sth 禁不止做某事give up doing sth 放棄做某事put off doing sth 推遲做某事feel like doing想要做某事have fun doing sth 做某事有樂趣have difficulty/trouble/problem (in) doing sth做某事有困難look forward to doing sth期待做某事pay attention to doing sth注意做某事prefer do

19、ing to doing喜歡.勝于.stop/keep/prevent sb from doing阻止某人做某事sb spend time/money (in) doing sth某人花時間/金錢做某事Its no good/use doing sth做某事有好處/沒有用make a contribution to doing 為.做貢獻3、 既可以加動名詞也可以加不定式作賓語的動詞stop doing sth 停止正在做的事情stop to sth 停下來去做其他的事情go on doing sth繼續(xù)做原來在做的事情go on to do sth繼續(xù)做另一件事情try doing sth

20、嘗試做某事try to do 盡力做某事forgret doing sth 忘記做過某事forger to do sth 忘記去做某事remember doing sth 記得做過某事remember to do sth 記得去做某事regret doing sth 后悔做過某事regret to do sth后悔去做某事need doing sth某事需要被做need to do sth 需要做某事分詞1、 句法功能1. 做表語（表示主語的某種性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，不可以和主語互換）The film is very interesting.那個電影很有趣He was very excited at t

21、he news.他對那個消息很激動2.做定語（與所修飾的名詞之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系和動賓關(guān)系，作用相當于一個定語從句）The girl standing over there is my sister.=The girl who is standing over there is my sister.站在那邊的那個女孩是我的妹妹The bridge built last month needs repairing.=The bridge which was built last month needs repairing.上個月建的那座橋需要修2. 做賓補（現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補，與賓語形成邏輯上的

22、主謂關(guān)系；過去分詞做賓補，與賓語形成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系）I often hear the girl singing in the morning.我經(jīng)常聽到那個女孩早上唱歌（the girl 和singing之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，singing 是由the girl 發(fā)出）She kept us waiting for 2 hours她讓我們等了兩個小時（us和waiting 之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，waiting是由us發(fā)出）He tries his best to make himself heard.他盡力使他自己能被別人聽到（himself和heard之間有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，hims

23、elf承受了heard這個動作，他被聽到）I must have the work done.我必須使工作被完成（work和done之間有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，work 承受了done這個動作，工作被完成）3. 做狀語（其邏輯主語必須和句子的主語保持一致）（表時間,條件,原因,讓步，伴隨,方式）1） 做時間狀語，可以和時間狀語從句互換Hearing the bell,the students went into the classroom.=When the students heard the bell,they went into the classroom.聽到鈴聲學(xué)學(xué)生們走進了教室Stud

24、ying in university,he was very popular among his classmates.=When he studied in the university,he was very popular among his classmates.讀大學(xué)期間，他在同學(xué)中十分受歡迎2） 做條件狀語，可以和條件狀語從句互換Working hard,you will succeed.=If you work hard,you will succeed.努力工作，你就會成功Given more time,I would be able to complete the work on time.=If I was given more time,I would be able to complete the work on time.再給我一些時間的話我會按時完成工作3） 做原因狀語，可以和原因狀語從句互換Being late,he was punished.=Because he was late,he was punished.因為遲到，他被懲罰了Not knowing her address,I wasnt able contact her.=Because I did not know her addres