分類講解完形填空2

1、完形填空突破(二)說明文1說明型完形填空的特點(1)從其類別上看說明文一般有三類：實體說明文。實體是指國家、城市、人物、山水、樹木、花草、蟲魚、鳥獸、建筑、文化古跡、科技成果及各種工農業(yè)產品,包括說明書、廣告、解說詞、人物介紹、知識小品、知識注解等。事理說明文。事理是指觀點、立場、名詞概念、學術流派等,包括理論性解釋、文書簡介、教材等。文藝性說明文。即把說明對象擬人化,進而編成故事,對其進行介紹。(2)在說明型完形填空中,作者一般首先提出一個要說明的對象,如：某種理論、某種方法、某種技巧、某項活動,然后按照時間、空間、事情發(fā)展的順序、步驟,再運用舉例、對比等方式進行介紹或說明。通過閱讀這樣的文

2、章,讀者就會明白某種道理、掌握某種技巧或學會某種方法。2說明型完形填空的備考策略(1)分清說明對象,對癥下藥做說明型完形填空時,要注意它的說明對象是什么,是具體的實物還是理論性的概念。一般來說,在描述具體的實物時往往比較直觀形象,我們很容易在頭腦中產生所描述物體的影像,所以對文章的理解就比較容易；而在描述理論性的概念時,往往比較抽象,理解難度大。(2)把握說明順序,順藤摸瓜說明文的說明順序有如下幾種：時間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序、認識順序等。時間順序是指先后順序。空間順序是指從局部到整體、從上到下、從內到外的順序。邏輯順序是指先因后果或先果后因、先主后次的順序。認識順序是指由此及彼、由淺入深、

3、由現(xiàn)象到本質、由具體到抽象的順序。做題時弄清了說明順序,按順序思考,就不會偏離主題,出現(xiàn)理解上的偏差。(3)代入空格,驗證答案完成了上兩步后,別忘了還有“潤色”。這里所說的“潤色”是指：我們要回過頭來,依照文章的內容,將我們選擇的答案代入各空,看一下我們所選的答案是否符合邏輯。要注意的是,有時我們的答案針對這一空是對的,但很可能這一步驟應該是下一步要做的。這樣我們就要進行調整,直到文章上下通達,步驟先后順序清晰明了為止。1(2010大連一次調研)there are certain things british men like to believe about themselves.the f

4、irst is that one day they will again1the world cup.they also believe they do not2.3the centuries,britons are believed to have a “stiff upper lip”but is it true?yes,it is.a recent study arranged by kleenex on how the british express their emotions4that 95 percent of them still5their emotions.moreover

5、,672 percent think this is unhealthy,19 percent cant remember the last time they “l(fā)et it out”as a result,kleenex is7the “l(fā)et it out” campaign that8britons to grab a tissue and have a good cry.these days,however,the male britons9toward crying is changing.though the majority still10to open up emotiona

6、lly,a 2004 study by oxfords social issues research center found that 77 percent of british men considered crying in public increasingly11.half of london males12crying in front of their mothers.scotsmen are the least emotional,although they are most13to cry at weddings.peter marsh,director of the cen

7、ter,said：“crying can now indicate sensitivity rather than14.like david beckham,crying because youre dropping off your boy at nursery isnt seen as weak.”winston churchill was said to be a15crier,shedding tears at seeing a16in an air raid shelter (防空洞),and when he saw his wife after a long17.psycholog

8、ists say that while society has accepted that men can cry,there are18.ronald bracey,a consulting psychologist,said：“if a man began to cry when he was having stitches (縫針) in hospital,he would be19as a weak man.men still need to be seen as strong when it20to physical pain.”1a.win bdefeat cown dreceiv

9、e答案a解析考查動詞。贏得世界杯,要用win。defeat擊敗,打敗,賓語多為人或隊等；own擁有；receive收到,接到；win表示“贏得(比賽等)”,故選win。2a.laugh bcry cshout dtremble答案b解析考查行文邏輯。由下文可知,英國男人認為他們不能哭。笑(laugh)；大叫(shout)；發(fā)抖(tremble)都不是本文論述的話題。3a.inside bover cbefore dhalf答案b解析考查介詞。over the centuries意思是“在這些世紀中”。over有“在期間”之意,符合句意。inside“在里面”和before“在以前”通常不與ce

10、nturies搭配；由文中無法推理出half the centuries。4a.requires binsists cexhibits dreveals答案d解析考查動詞。分析句子成分可知,此處應選擇的是主語study的謂語動詞。此處意為：研究表明95%的男士仍然會克制自己的感情。結合選項可以判斷reveal合適,表示“揭示,表明”。require需要；要求；命令；insist堅持；exhibit展出,陳列,均不符合句意。5a.conduct bexpose ccontain dconstruct答案c解析考查語境。結合上下文,此處應是“95%的男士仍然會克制自己的感情”。故用contain,

11、表示“控制,克制”。expose暴露；conduct引導；管理；construct建造,構筑。6a.while bbecause csince dfor答案a解析考查邏輯關系。通觀全句可知,上下文為轉折關系,即“盡管72%的人認為這是不健康的,但是19%的人記不起他們上一次發(fā)泄自己情感的時間了”。while可以表示“盡管”,引導讓步狀語從句。because/since/for都可以表示原因。7a.carrying bstudying cstartingdcalling答案c解析考查語境和動詞。由文意可知,kleenex正在發(fā)動一項“l(fā)et it out”的活動。此處動詞應和名詞campaign

12、搭配,故選start,表示“發(fā)動”之意。8apersuades ballows corders dencourages答案d解析考查動詞。這項活動的目的顯然是要鼓勵(encourage)英國人發(fā)泄出來自己的情緒。說服(persuade)；允許(allow)；命令(order)三項與語境不符,并非一定要說服英國人哭,也不是別人允許才能哭,更沒人命令誰去哭。9a.attitude bface cidea dimpression答案a解析考查句意和搭配。從下文可知,這句話概括了英國男士對哭的“態(tài)度”的變化。attitude常與toward搭配使用,意為“對的態(tài)度”。face臉,面部；idea主意；i

13、mpression印象；感想,三者都不與句意吻合。10a.frightens bstruggles cfights dbreaks答案b解析考查行文邏輯。句意為：盡管大部分人仍然需要做出很大努力才能公開表露自己的情感,但77%的英國男士已經認為當眾流淚逐漸可以接受了。struggle to do sth.努力、盡力去做某事。frighten使驚恐；fight打仗,搏斗；break打破；違背,均與語境不符。11aunimaginable bunbelievablecacceptable dshameful答案c解析考查邏輯關系。根據上一小題解析可知,c項正確。acceptable可以接受的；un

14、imaginable想不到的；unbelievable難以相信的；shameful可恥的,三項表達的意思恰恰相反,故可排除。12a.admitted badapted cdenied dsupported答案a解析考查動詞。一半的倫敦男士承認在母親面前哭過。admit承認；adapt使適應；deny否認；拒絕給予；support支持,擁護。顯然只有admit符合句意。13a.surely bcertainly cpossibly dlikely答案d解析考查邏輯關系。be likely to do.可能會。句意為：蘇格蘭男士是最不情緒化的,盡管他們最有可能在婚禮上流淚哭泣。possibly為副

15、詞,無be possibly to do結構；surely,certainly語氣太過強烈,過于絕對化。14a.weaknessbstrength cbravery dhorror答案a解析考查邏輯關系。由rather than可知其前后的詞為對立關系,即“現(xiàn)在哭泣可以表明敏感而不是軟弱”。horror驚恐,恐怖,不符合語境。力量(strength)；勇敢(bravery)二者是近義詞,均無法與sensitivity構成對比,可以排除。15a.brave bfrequent cseldom dkind答案b解析考查語境。從下文可知,丘吉爾就是一個經常流淚的人,故選frequent(頻繁的)。b

16、rave勇敢的；seldom很少,恰好與句意相反；kind意為“好心的,和藹的”,均與文意不符。16a.wound bstudent csurvivor dsoldier答案c解析考查語境。在防空洞里看到的應是一個survivor“幸存者”,躲避轟炸的難民等,而不是soldier(士兵)。student是一個特定的概念,文中沒有提及；wound創(chuàng)傷,傷口；survivor幸存者,生還者。17a.absence bpresence cbattle dreserve答案a解析考查語境。根據上下文可以推理出此處應是離開家很長時間之后見到妻子,故選absence,表示“缺席,不在”。presence出

17、席,到場；存在；battle戰(zhàn)役；reserve預備軍；儲備(物)。18aexpectations blimitscrules dexceptions答案b解析考查邏輯關系。心理學家說盡管社會已經接受了男人同樣可以哭泣,但還是有限度的,故用limits,表示“界限,限度”。expectation預期；rule規(guī)則,章程；exception例外的人(或事物),例外,均與句意不符。19a.classified binsistedc.considered dimagined答案c解析考查動詞。be considered as.被認為是。classify把分類；insist堅持；imagine想像。此

18、處說的是一個男人在醫(yī)院縫針的時候如果哭,就會被認為是軟弱的。顯然c項合適,表示人們對此的看法。20a.comesbhappens clies dgoes答案a解析考查固定搭配。when it comes to.為固定搭配,意思是“當說到的時候”。句意為：當說到身體上痛苦的時候,男人仍然需要被看作是堅強的。2he has been called the“missing link”half man,half beast.he is supposed to live in the highest mountain in the worldmount everest.he is known as th

19、e abominable snowman.the1of the snowman has been around for2.climbers in the 1920s reported finding marks like those of human feet high up on the side of mount everest.the native people said they3this creature and called it the“yeti”,and they said that they had4caught yetis on two occasions(場合) 5non

20、e has ever been produced as evidence.over the years,the story of the yetis has6.in 1951,eric shipton took photographs of a set of tracks in the snow of everest.shipton believed that they were not7the tracks of a monkey or a bear and8that the abominable snowman might really9.further efforts have been

21、 made to find out about yetis.but the only things people have ever found were10footprints.most believe the footprints are nothing more than11animal tracks,which had been made12as they melted(融化) and refroze in the snow. 13,in 1964,a russian scientist said that the abominable snowman was14and was a r

22、emaining link with the prehistoric(史前) humans.but,15,no evidence has ever16been produced.these days,only a few people continue to take the story of the abominable snowman17.but if they ever18catching one,they may face a real19：would they put it in a20or give it a room in a hotel?1a.eventbstorycadven

23、ture ddescription答案b解析從下文“over the years,the story of the yetis has _.”和“these days,only a few people continue to take the story of the abominable snowman _.”就不難看出此空應填story。2a.centuries btoo longcsome time dmany years答案d解析根據下文“climbers in the 1920s reported.”及“in 1951,eric shipton took photographs o

24、f.”等信息,則清楚地說明了此空應填many years。3a.heard from bcared forcknew of dread about答案c解析hear from接到的信；care for關心；照顧；喜歡；know of知道,聽說(不一定見過或認識)；read about談到,獲悉。短文第二段中“.they said that they had _ caught yetis on two occasions(場合) _ none has ever been produced as evidence”說明了人們對珠穆朗瑪峰上雪人的存在只不過是聽說而已,卻拿不出任何證據,故最佳答案應該

25、選c。4a.even bhardlyc.certainly dprobably答案a解析上文“.they said that they had _caught yetis on two occasions(場合)”是當地人敘述雪人存在的一種更為真實的情況,因此此空應填副詞even,意思是“甚至”,用來加強語氣,強調謂語動詞。5a.as bthoughc.when duntil答案b解析主句中敘述了“they had even caught yetis on two occasions（場合）,從句none has ever been produced as evidence”則否定了上述情況的

26、真實性,表示的是讓步意義,故此空應填though,引導一個讓步狀語從句。6a.developed bchangedc.occurred(發(fā)生) dcontinued答案d解析根據短文第二段的敘述,說明了珠穆朗瑪峰上雪人故事的發(fā)展情況,故此空應填continued。7a.surely bnaturally cclearlydsimply答案d解析四個選項的副詞意思分別為：surely肯定地；naturally自然地；clearly清楚地；simply只是,僅僅。如果填入前三個,則在某種程度上肯定了eric shipton在珠穆朗瑪峰雪地里所拍攝的足跡是猴子或熊留下的。這與下文“the abomi

27、nable snowman might really exist”所表達的意思不符,所以此空只能填simply。8a.found btold cfelt ddoubted答案c解析從對上一題的分析看,shipton相信自己找到了yetis的痕跡,但是該空缺處后的賓語從句中用了表示可能性的might一詞,由此可以確定c項為該題正確選項。而且四個選項均為動詞的過去式,但只有felt意為“感到”,不僅表示感官知覺,還表示情感或想法,且能與前一個謂語動詞believed所表達的意思相吻合。9a.exist bleave cdisappear dreturn答案a解析exist存在；leave離開；di

28、sappear消失；return返回。由前一個賓語從句“that they were not simply the tracks of a monkey or a bear”可以判斷出此空應填exist,即shipton認為在珠穆朗瑪峰上,雪人很可能真正存在。10a.clearer bmore cpossible dfewer答案b解析根據該空所在段的首句“further efforts have been made to find out about yetis.”及下文“most believe the footprints are nothing more than _ animal t

29、racks.”就可以判斷出此空應填more,說明人們在弄清雪人真相的努力中,所發(fā)現(xiàn)的惟一東西僅僅是更多的腳印,故此空應填more。11a.huge brecent cordinary dfrightening答案c解析由下文“_,in 1964,a russian scientist said that the abominable snowmanwas _.”可以推測出,此空應填形容詞ordinary,說明大多數人認為,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的更多的腳印,只不過是普通動物的足跡。12a.strange blarge cdeep dsmall答案b解析“.as they melted and（融化） ref

30、roze in the snow”清楚地闡述了人們發(fā)現(xiàn)的更多的腳印要比普通的動物足跡大的原因。此空應填形容詞large。答對該題需要知道：雪上較深些的印痕經過融化和凍結會變得更大一些。13a.in the endbtherefore cafter all dhowever答案d解析根據上文不難發(fā)現(xiàn)這里所表示的是轉折關系,故此空應填副詞however,表轉折。14a.imagined breal cspecial dfamiliar答案b解析前句敘述了“most believe the footprints are nothing more than ordinary animal tracks

31、.”,我們再根據however所表示的轉折意義,就不難判斷出此空應填形容詞real。15a.so bbesides cagain dinstead答案c解析上文中,一位俄羅斯科學家說雪人是真實的,和史前人有密切的關系。接著,作者話鋒一轉,稱“但沒有證據給予證實”。沒有證據是上文已提及的事,此處又沒有證據,故用again。16a.rightly breally cusually dspecially答案b解析根據上文中上一句肯定了雪人的存在,以及根據空白處所在句子中but所表示的轉折意義和again一詞對雪人存在證據的再次否定,就不難判斷出此空應填really。17a.lightly bjoki

32、ngly cseriously dhardly答案c解析我們根據空白前的語境,可以體會出當今人們對有關雪人的故事已經冷淡下來,僅有很少的人認真對待此事,故此空應填副詞seriously,意為“嚴肅地；認真地”。18a.succeed in bmanage to cdepend ondjoin in答案a解析succeed in doing做成某事；manage to do設法做到,后接不定式；depend on依靠；join in參加。由該句的主句“.they may face a real _：would they put it in a _ or give it a room in a h

33、otel？”可以推斷出,條件狀語從句所假定的是成功地捉住了雪人。19a.decision bsituation csubject dproblem答案d解析短文末句“would they put it in a zoo or give it a room in a hotel？”這是捉住雪人的人們所面臨的一個難以抉擇的真實問題,故此空應填problem。20a.zoo bmountain cmuseum dlaboratory答案a解析人們對這種被認為生活在世界最高山峰珠穆朗瑪峰的所謂雪人,究竟屬于人類還是屬于動物還沒有明確地劃分出來。如果“雪人”劃歸人類,應該give it a room i

34、n a hotel；如果把“雪人”劃歸動物,自然應該放到動物園里去生活了,故此空應填zoo。強化訓練: (1)第二節(jié)：完形填空 (共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分) 閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從3655各題所給的四個選項(a、b、c和d)中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將其涂黑。since my family were not going to be helpful, i decided i would look for one all by myself and not tell them about it till id got one.i had seen an agency (

35、中介機構) advertised in a local newspaper. i rushed out of the _36_ in search of it. i was wildly excited, and as _37_ as if i were going on the stage. finding the 38 quite easily, i ran breathlessly through a door which said “enter without knocking, if you please.”the simple atmosphere of the office 39

36、 me. the woman looked carefully at me _40_ through her glasses, and then 41 me in a low voice. i answered softly. all of a sudden i started to feel rather 42 she wondered why i was looking for this sort of 43 i felt even more helpless when she told me that it would be 44 to get a job without 45 i wo

37、ndered whether i ought to leave, 46 the telephone on her desk rang. i heard her say:“ 47 , ive got someone in the 48 at this very moment who might 49 .” she wrote down a _50 , and held it out to me, saying: “ring up this lady. she wants a 51 immediately. in fact, you would have to start tomorrow by

38、cooking a dinner for ten people.”“oh yes,” said i 52 having cooked for more than four in my life. i 53 her again and again, and rushed out to the 54 telephone box. i collected my thoughts, took a deep breath, and rang the number. i said confidently that i was just what she was looking for.i spent th

39、e next few hours 55 cook books.36. a. bedb housec. agencyd. office37. a. proud b. pleasec. nervous d. worried38. a. family b. door c. place d. stage39. a. calmed b. excited c. frightened d. disturbed40. a. as usual b. for a while c. in a minute d. once again41. a. advised b. examined c. informed d.

40、questioned42. a. encouraged b. dissatisfied c. hopeless d. pleased43. a. place b. job c. advice d. help44. a. difficult b. helpless c. possible d. unusual45. a. abilityb. experiencec.knowledge d. study46. a. afterb. sincec.untild. when47. a. above allb. as a matter of fact c.as a result d. in spite

41、of that48. a. familyb. housec.office d. restaurant49. a. hireb. acceptc.suit d. offer50. a. letterb. namec.note d. number51. a. cookb. helpc.teacher d. secretary52. a. almostb. neverc.nearly d. really53. a. answeredb. promisedc.thanked d. told54. a. outsideb. localc.closest d. nearest55. a. borrowin

42、gb. buyingc.reading d. writing答案：36b 37c 38c 39a 40b 41d 42c 43b 44a 45b 46d 47b 48c 49c 50d 51a 52b 53c 54d 55c （2）第二節(jié) 完形填空(共20小題；每小題15分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從3655各題所給的四個選項(a、b、c和d)中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。we may look at the world around us, but somehow we manage not to see it until whatever weve becom

43、e used to suddenly disappears. 36 , for example, the neatly-dressed woman i 37 to see - or look at - on my way to work each morning. for three years, no matter 38 the weather was like, she was always waiting at the bus stop around 8:00 am. on 39 days, she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen glov

44、es. summertime 40 out neat, belted cotton dresses and a hat pulled low over her sunglasses. 41 , she was an ordinary working woman. of course, i 42 all this only after she was seen no more. it was then that i realized how 43 i expected to see her each morning. you might say i 44 her.“did she have an

45、 accident? something 45 ?” i thought to myself about her 46 . now that she was gone, i felt i had 47 her. i began to realize that part of our 48 life probably includes such chance meetings with familiar 49 : the milkman you see at dawn, the woman who 50 walks her dog along the street every morning,

46、the twin brothers you see at the library. such people are 51 markers in our lives. they add weight to our 52 of place and belonging.think about it. 53 , while walking to work, we mark where we are by 54 a certain building, why should we not mark where we are when we pass a familiar, though 55 , pers

47、on?36. a. make b. take c. give d. have37. a. happened b. wanted c. used d. tried38. a. what b. how c. which d. when39. a. sunny b. rainy c. cloudy d. snowy40. a. took b. brought c. carried d. turned41. a. clearly b. particularly c. luckily d. especially42. a. believed b. expressed c. remembered d. w

48、ondered43. a. long b. often c. soon d. much44. a. respected b. missed c. praised d. admired45. a. better b. worse c. more d. less46. a. disappearance b. appearance c. misfortune d. fortune47. a. forgotten b. lost c. known d. hurt48. a. happy b. enjoyable c. frequent d. daily49. a. friends b. strange

49、rs c. tourists d. guests50. a. regularly b. actually c. hardly d. probably51. a. common b. pleasant c. important d. faithful52. a. choice b. knowledge c. decision d. sense53. a. because b. if c. although d. however54. a. keeping b. changing c. passing d. mentioning55. a. unnamed b.unforgettable c. u

50、nbelievable d. unreal答案：36b 37c 38a 39d 40b 41a 42c 43d 44b 45b46a 47c 48d 49b 50a 51c.52d. 53b 54c 55a （3）第二節(jié)：完形填空（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從3655各題所給四個選項（a、b、c和d）中，選出最佳選項。not too long ago ,an incident that happened at walt disney touched me greatly. a guest 36 out of our polynesian village resort（度假勝地）at walt disney was asked how she 37 her visit .she told the front-desk clerk she had had a (n) 38 vacation ,but was heartbroken about 39 several rolls of kodak color film she had