鉆井專業(yè)英語題庫（中級）

1、油田生產(chǎn)事業(yè)部專業(yè)英語題庫（中級部分）一、專業(yè)詞匯英漢互譯：1. crane operator 吊車司機 2. roustabout 甲板工 3. head of roustabout 甲板長 4. floorman/roughneck 鉆工5. derrickman 井架工 6. assistant driller 副司鉆7. driller 司鉆 8. junior toolpusher 值班隊長9. senior toolpusher 高級隊長 10. rig manager 平臺經(jīng)理11. safety supervisor 安全監(jiān)督 12. captain 船長13. chief s

2、upervisor 總監(jiān) 14. cleaning man 清潔工15. drilling crew 鉆井班 16. drilling engineer鉆井工程師 17. drilling supervisor鉆井監(jiān)督 18. bit diameter 鉆頭直徑19. bit footage 鉆頭進(jìn)尺 20. bit position 鉆頭位置21. casing size 套管尺寸 22. hole size 井眼尺寸23. hook position 大鉤位置 24. kelly - down/in depth 方入深度25. kelly - up 方余 26. nozzle size 水

3、眼尺寸27. gas content 氣含量 28. leakage 漏失量29. mud volume 泥漿量 30. pump stroke 泵沖31. hook load 大鉤負(fù)荷 32. weight on bit 鉆壓33. bit lift 鉆頭壽命 34. bit time 鉆頭純鉆時間35. down time 停工時間 36. drilling hours 鉆進(jìn)時間37. tripping time 起下鉆時間 38. annular velocity 環(huán)空流速39. pump speed 泵速 40. rotary speed 轉(zhuǎn)盤轉(zhuǎn)速41. back pressure 回

4、壓 42. bottomhole pressure 井底壓力43. oil reservoir pressure油層壓力 44. pump pressure 泵壓45. shutin casing pressure關(guān)井套壓 46. bit cost鉆頭成本47. bit type鉆頭類型 48. bit wear鉆頭磨損49. dog leg ratio狗腿率50. intensity 強度51. sensitivity 靈敏度52. table torque 轉(zhuǎn)盤扭矩53. tong torque 大鉗扭矩54. temperature溫度55. wind direction風(fēng)向56. on

5、e hundred10057. well depth井深 58. nine point five feet 9.5 英尺59. equipment on floor 鉆臺設(shè)備60. air chamber 空氣包61. air hoist/winch氣動絞車62. brake lever/handle 剎把63. brake line/staple 剎帶64. cantilever 懸臂梁65. cathead line 貓頭繩66. cathead貓頭67. catwalk滑道68. cellar deck/texas deck 井口甲板69. clutch 離合器70. crown blo

6、ck 天車71. dead line anchor 死繩固定器72. derrick井架73. dog house值班室74. drawworks 鉆井絞車75. drillers console 司鉆控制臺76. drilling line鉆井大繩77. drum 滾筒78. equalizing yoke 剎帶的平衡杠79. eye plates 吊環(huán)80. fast line 快繩81. hole opener擴眼器82. hook 大鉤83. hydraulic catwork 液壓貓頭84. line reeving 滑車裝繩數(shù)85. monkey board 猴臺86. mouse

7、 hole 小鼠洞87. ramp 坡道88. rat hole 大鼠洞89. rig floor 鉆臺90. rotary hose 水龍帶91. rotary table 轉(zhuǎn)盤92. setback 立根盒93. steel wire 鋼絲繩94. story 庫房95. tong bucket 大鉗平衡器96. top driver 頂驅(qū)97. traveling block 游車98. admission pipe 進(jìn)氣管99. blow line 掃線管線100. choke line manifold 阻流管匯一、專業(yè)詞匯漢譯英：1 導(dǎo)管conductor 2 灌泥漿管線fill

8、up line 3 高/低壓管線high/low pressure line 4 壓井管線kill line 5 泥漿管線mud line 6 放壓管線relief line 7 立管管匯stand pipe manifold 8 球閥ball valve 9 節(jié)流閥chock valve 10 浮閥float valve 11 旋塞閥plug cock valve 12 調(diào)節(jié)閥regulator valve 13 消防泵fire pump 14 混合泵mixing pump 15 計量泵mud supply pump 16 橋塞bridge plug 17 水泥塞cement plug 18

9、 鉆頭bit19 鉆頭水眼bit nozzles 20 母扣box 21 公扣pin 22 牙輪cone 23 變扣接頭crossover sub/joint 24 鉆鋌drill collar25 鉆桿drill pipe 26 鉆柱drill stem 27 加重鉆桿heavy weight drill pipe 28 震擊器jar 29 單根joint 30 非磁鉆鋌non-magnetic drilling collar 31 短鉆鋌pony drill collar 32 短鉆桿pup joint 33 減震器shock absorber 34 扶正器stabilizer 35 立柱

10、stand 36 三牙輪鉆頭three-cone bit 37 井眼well bore 38 造斜器whip stock 39 考克cock 40 通徑規(guī)drift mandrel 41 吊卡elevator 42 提絲lifting plug 43 提升短節(jié)lifting sub 44 旋扣鉗 pipe spinner 45 刮泥器pipe wiper 46 滑輪pulley 47 倒檔齒輪reverse gear 48 大鉗rig tong 49 鋼圈ring gasket 50 安全卡瓦safety slips51 卡環(huán)shackle 52 吊索sling 53 護(hù)絲thread pro

11、tector 54 大鉗牙板tong dies 55 石油p petroleum / oil 56 絲扣油thread dope 57 溫度計thermometer 58 指重表weight indicator 59 井位location 60 纜繩mooring rope 61 超載overload 62 暈船sea sick 63 拖輪tug 64 套管接箍casing coupling 65 刮管器 casing scraper 66 套管鞋casing shoe 67 浮箍float collar 68 中間(技術(shù))套管intermediate casing 69 擠水泥squeeze

12、 cement 70 打撈fishing 71 打撈公錐fishing nipple 72 打撈母錐fishing socket 73 打撈矛fishing spear 74 反循環(huán)打撈籃reverse circulation junk basket 75 卡瓦打撈筒slip socket 76 倒扣，卸扣back off 77 卸開break out 78 定向鉆井directional drilling 79 地層測試formation test 80 壓井kill the well 81 扣吊卡latch the elevator 82 卸扣break out 83 上扣make up

13、84 試壓pressure test 85 側(cè)鉆side tracking 86 滑大繩slip drilling line 87 開鉆spud in 88 卡鉆stick 89 造扣thread making 90 井控 well control 91 通井wipe trip 92 甲板deck 93 柴油機diesel engine 94 出口outlet 95 進(jìn)口 inlet96 電話telephone 97 變壓器transformer 98 救生衣life jacket 99 救生艇lifeboat 100 滅火器extinguisher 二、閱讀理解：(true or false

14、)（一）one thing is certain: a substantial reduction in irans energy output would have a significant impact on global oil prices. iran is the fourth-largest oil exporter in the world, behind only saudi arabia, russia, and norway. it sells more than 2.5 million barrels a day and is believed to have abou

15、t 10 percent of the worlds proven reserves. many analysts say a supply cut could combine with other market pressures to quickly drive prices up to $80 to $100 a barrel. is either side bluffing? irans threat to pull oil off the market is not an empty one, irans leaders, who want to visibly assert the

16、ir defiance of the west, need domestic support for the regime, and divides international opinion, have only the countrys energy exports with which to influence the outcome of the diplomatic conflict. of course, were iran to completely cut off its oil supply, it would badly damage its own economy. in

17、 addition, a total shutdown would harm many of irans friends, though it would also increase oil income for those who are net exporters of oil, such as russia and other opec members. but there are a number of incremental steps iran can take that would rattle those who depend on affordable energy with

18、out sinking its own economy. if iran cut 200,000 to 300,000 barrels a day, oil markets would react not only to the fall in supply but also to fears of what tehran might do next. 1. irans leaders need domestic support for the regime and divide international opinion. (t )2. russia is believed to have

19、about 10 percent of the worlds proven reserves.（ f ）3. if iran cut 200,000 to 300,000 barrels a day, oil markets would react not only to the rise in supply but also to fears of what tehran might do next. ( t )4. a substantial reduction in irans energy output would have a significant impact on global

20、 oil prices. ( t )（二） with exploration, drilling, and completion costs, the well represents a substantial investment, and the produced oil or gas is a continuous source of revenue. to abandon the well would mean that the investment is insolvent and the well is not producing revenue, this is not a de

21、sirable situation. consequently, in most companies a concerted effort id made to maintain the well on production as long as it has the potential for producing oil or gas. before repairing a well, there is no guarantee that the well will produce after the work is performeda risk involved on workovers

22、. to minimize the inherent risk of well repairs, the intelligent diagnosis if what is wrong with the well, coupled with a sound repair plane is essential. 1.the investment in the oil is tremendous, including exploration, drilling, completion. (t)2.to abandon the well is the last choice if necessary.

23、 (t)3.so long as the well is maintained, the oil well continues production. (f)4.even though the oil or gas can flow into the casing after it is perforated,usually,the well is not produced through the casing. (t) （三）the main function of a rotary rig is to drill a hole, or as it is known in the indus

24、try, to make hole. making hole with a rotary rig requires not only qualified personnel, but a lot of equipment as well. in order to learn about the components that it takes to make hole, it is convenient to divide them into four main systems: power, hoisting, rotating, and circulating. various compo

25、nents comprise the last three systems, but all require power to make them work.1.the main function of the rotary rig is to drill or make the hole.(t)2.making hole with rotary rig requires the qualified personal , not needing so much equipment.(f)3.the components of rig to make hole is divided into f

26、our systems. (t)4.of the four systems, power is very crucial to the other three, for they all require power to operate. (t)(四)a rig, depending on its size and how deep a hole it must drill, may have from two to four engines. naturally, the bigger the rig, the deeper it can drill and the more power i

27、t will need. thus, the big rigs have three or four engines, all of them together developing up to 3000 or more horsepower. of course, once all the horsepower is develop, it must be sent, or transmitted, to the components to be put to work. two common methods are used to transfer the power electrical

28、 and mechanical.1、the number of the engines depends on the rigs size and depth of the hole to be drilled. (t)2、there is only one method to transfer the power. (f)3、the needed power has nothing to do with the size of the rig. (f)4、the power of the big rig , with three or four engines, can amount to 3

29、000 or more horsepower. (t)（五）diamond bits function the same as drag bits, particularly in the fact that both weight and rotary speed are directly related to drilling speed. the diamonds must be kept clean and cool, this hydraulic effort is just as important for diamond bit performance as when using

30、 roller bits. under some condition diamond bits can drill almost as fast as roller types. they will often stay in good condition times longer, thus hole cost foot will be less notwithstanding the higher price of the diamond bit. analysis of performance using total cost per foot is important regardle

31、ss of the type of bits employed.1、drilling speed has direct impact on the weight of the bits and the rotary speed.（t） 2、diamond bits can function the same with roller bits under any condition. （f）3、this is no specific requirement for the kept condition of the diamond bits. （f）4、only for the diamond

32、bits, the analysis of performance using total cost foot is important.（f） (六)drilling fluid - mud - is usually a mixture of water, clay, weighting material, and a few chemicals. sometimes oil may be used instead of water, or a little oil is added to the water to fice the mud certain desirable propert

33、ies. drilling mud serves several very important functions. mud is used to raise the cuttings made by the bit and lift them to the surface for disposal. but equally important, mud also provides a means for keeping underground pressures in check. since a hole full of drilling mud exerts pressure (just

34、 as a swimming pool full of water exerts pressure, which is why a persons ears sometimes hurt when he dives to the bottom in the deep end of a pool), the mud pressure can be used to contain pressure in a formation. the heavier or denser the mud is, the more pressure it exerts. weighting materials -

35、barite is the most popular - are added to the mud to make it exert as much pressure as needed to contain formation pressures. clay is added to the mud so that it can keep the bit cuttings in suspension as they move up the hole. the clay also sheaths the wall of the hole. this thin veneer of clay cal

36、led wall cake makes the hole stable so it will not cave in or slough (pronounced sluff). numerous chemicals are available to give the mud the exact properties it needs to make it as easy as possible to drill the hole.(1) drilling fluid is the mixture of water and clay. （f）(2) the main functions of m

37、ud are to lift the cutting to the surface and check the underground pressure. （t）(3) weighting material is added to mud to set off the pressure in formation. （t）(4) water is the only media of the mud . （f）(七)the drilling fluid that course through the system also provides the first line of defense ag

38、ainst blowouts. a blowout can be an impressive sight. gas, oil, or salt water spews into the air with a tremendous roar. if gas is present, the whole thing will probably be on fire, and the rig will lie as a melted, twisted mass of junk. human lives are threatened; pollution may occur; precious oil

39、or gas are wasted; and a rig worth many thousands or even millions oil or dollars may be a total loss. obviously, it is very desirable not to allow blowouts, and, in fact, not many occur. but, because a blowout is often a spectacular show and human lives are sometimes lost, a blowout often becomes a

40、 media event. unfortunately, the impression may linger that blowouts are not the rarity they actually are. in reality, rig crews go to great lengths to see that the well they are drilling remains under control and dose not get away from them.(1) the rig crew should keep his eye on the well to make i

41、t under control. （t）(2) the blowout will get the public attention, for it will exert great impact on the society. （t）(3) the drilling fluid has the defective function against the blowouts. （t） (4) though there is the risk of blow out, people can do little to make up for it. （f）(八)the recovery operat

42、ion of stuck pipe, packers, and loose equipment in a well is generally termed “fishing”. a “fish” is part of a string or any other sizable piece of metal that might be loose in a well. small pieces, such as a bit cone, a wrench, or any other relatively small, non-drillable item, are called junk. in

43、any case, whenever there is junk or a fish in the hole, it must be removed or fished out so that drilling operations can continue.the trouble might be caused by mechanical failure, corrosion, or abrasion. any mechanical equipment run into a well, operated under heavy stress, may fail sooner or later

44、 despite care of manufacture, handling, and installation. the tools and techniques for fishing have been modified and improved as the drilling and well service industries have developed. the fishing tool trade today utilizes highly skilled personnel, sophisticated tools, and optional methods. fishin

45、g for equipment lost in a well is an engineering techniques that requires knowledge of the various procedures and mechanical stresses that can be applied without resulting tool failure and further complications. almost every fishing job presents special problems that require careful analysis and exe

46、rcise of good judgment at each step in the procedure. it is absolutely necessary for a fishing tool operator to have full working knowledge of his tools and related devices. there is no substitute for experience in this work.before a fishing job can begin, the string must be tripped out of the hole.

47、 first, the kelly is broken out and is set in the rat-hole. then the string is broken out in stands and stands are stood back on the rig floor. when all of the stands are stood back, the fishing can begin. the tool-pusher usually takes charges of the fishing operation.(1) a “fish” may be part of a s

48、tring of pipe or any other sizable piece of metal. （t）(2) the term “junk” usually means bit cone. （f）(3) the fish trouble is usually caused by mechanical failure only. （f）(4) while tools and techniques for drilling have been advanced considerably, the tools and techniques for fishing have also been

49、modified a lot.（t）（九）there are many types of fishing tools. for example, there is a type of fishing tool called a “junk basket,” and there is another type called a “spear.” these fishing tools are very different. the spear is used for recovering lost casing. the spear enters the bore of the lost pip

50、e, therefore, the diameter of the spear must be smaller than the inner diameter of the pipe in the hole. its teeth push out and grip the inner sides of the pipe tightly when the spear enters the pipe. then it is usually possible to hoist the fish out of the borehole.the junk basket is used for latch

51、ing on to smaller pieces of junk. its used for recovering lost bit cutters. the bottom part of the basket is a shoe with hard teeth. the shoe has a hole in its center. the fish is forced through the hole and enters the barrel of the basket. spring fingers take the fish and avoid it dropping out of t

52、he barrel and falling back into the well.other fishing tools include powerful magnets and baskets through which mud can be circulated, both of which are useful for retrieving junk from the hole.(1) the fishing tools, such as the junk basket and the spear, are interchangeable. （f）(2) the working of t

53、he spear is to make the spear enter the bore of the lost pipe, its teeth gripping the inner sides of the pipe tightly then hoisting the fish out of the borehole. （t）(3) the fishing basket also has very strong teeth for holding the fish. （t）(4)there are only two types of fishing tools：junk basket and

54、 spear. （f）（十）the basic principles behind oil well drilling are the same whether the well will be drilled from a location on land, a fixed offshore platform or a floating marine vessel.there are, however, considerable detailed differences between the various types of wells. this is particularly so w

55、hen drilling takes place from a floating vessel where the movement of the vessel due to wave and wind action must be compensated for. additionally, in floating marine operations the hazards are much greater than a land or fixed platform. much of the well control mechanisms must be located on the sea bed and remotely controlled o