小學英語方位的表達方式

1、方位的表達方式第一節(jié) 交通工具及 “規(guī)則”一、介詞規(guī)則（一）by條款：騎車、乘(駕)車、乘船、乘飛機可以使用介詞by。1、by 后跟光棍名詞，即名詞不加任何修飾。如：by bike/bus/car/train/ship/boat/plane。 如：She is going to the Great Wall (長城) by car/ bus.2、by ship 可用by sea表示;by plane 可以用by air 表示。如：a. How long does it take by ship/sea? b. They often come back by plane/air.（二）in/on

2、條款：步行、騎車、乘車、乘船、乘飛機可以使用介詞 in/on。1.步行只可用on foot。(注意：步行不用by foot) 如：Sometimes I go to school on foot. 2. 騎自行車須用介詞 on ：on a/ ones bike。3. 乘車、乘船、乘飛機可用in也可用on： in/ on a bus/train/ship/boat/plane。4. 乘坐小汽車應使用 in a car，不用 on a car。 條款說明(一)1. by +名詞短語，多可以用in/on 短語替換來表示騎、乘之意。如：a. His father goes to work by bik

3、e. His father goes to work on a bike.b. They go to the railway station (火車站) by car. They go to the railway station in a car.2. by sea，by air 是一種比較隨便的口語結構，故不宜用in 短語和on短語進行改寫。即：by sea 不可用in/on the sea 替換；by air不可用 in/on the air 替換。二、動詞規(guī)則以上出行活動皆可以選擇性地用動詞walk, ride, take, drive 來表示。1. 步行用walk (to)。如：Sh

4、e walks home every day. 2. 騎車用ride a bike。如：Can you ride a bike to go there?3. 乘車用 take a bus/train。如：I will take a bus/train to go to Beijing.4. 乘飛機用 fly (to ) 或 take a plane。如：We are flying to England next week.5. 乘(駕)小汽車用 drive a car。如：They will drive a car to go to the USA.條款說明(二)動詞規(guī)則不能與介詞規(guī)則相結合使

5、用，尤其是動詞walk, fly 。如：She walks home on foot every day. ()a. She goes home on foot every day. ()b. She walks home every day. ()He will soon fly to London by plane/air. ()a. He will soon fly to London. ()b. He will soon go to London by plane/air. ()第二節(jié) 英語中方位的表達方式一、in, to, on和off在方位名詞前的區(qū)別 1. in表示A地在B地范圍

6、之內(nèi)。如：Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2. to表示A地在B地范圍之外，即二者之間有距離間隔。如：Japan lies to the east of China. 3. on表示A地與B地接壤、毗鄰。如：North Korea is on the east of China. 4. off表示“離一些距離或離不遠的海上”。如：New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia.二、 漢語里“東南西北”的先后順序到英語里就變成了north，south，east，west；并由此有了下列中、英文表達上

7、的差異。 東南方：southeast 西南方：southwest 西北方：northwest 東北方：northeast 如：十三陵位于北京西北50公里處。The Ming Tombs are located about 50 km to the northwest of Beijing. 天津位于北京東南120公里處。Tiajin is situated l20 km southeast of Beijing.三、 near, by, beside, at表示“在附近”時的區(qū)別 1. near表示相對的近，實際距離可能還很遠。如： Suzhou is near Shanghai. 2. by

8、和beside都表示靠近，實際距離不可能很遠，但beside比by更具體地表示出“在旁邊”的意思。如：He was sitting beside her. 3. at也有“在旁邊”的意思，但多表示有目的的行為所處的位置，而by和beside僅表示位置關系。如：The students are sitting at the desks listening to the teacher. 四、at, in和on表示地點時的區(qū)別 1、at表示地點： （1）用于指較小的地方。如： I shall wait for you at the station. （2）用于門牌號碼前。如： He lives a

9、t 115 Zhongshan Road. 2、in表示地點： （1）用于指較大的地方。如： He lives in Shanghai. （2）雖然是很小的地方，如果說話人住在那里，也可用in。商店、學校、機關等，若看作一個地點（point）用at，若看作一個場所（place）用in。如： I met him at the post-office. Im now working in the post-office. 3、on表示地點，一般指與面或線接觸，意為“在上；在旁”。如： The picture was hanging on the wall. New York is on the H

10、udson River. 五、above, over, on, up表示“在上”之間的區(qū)別 1、 above指“上方”，表示相對高度，不一定在正上方，其反義詞為below。如：Were flying above the clouds. 2、over指“在正上方”，表示垂直上方，其反義詞為under。 如： The bridge is over the river. 3、on表示“在上面”，與物體表面接觸，與beneath相對。如：There is a map on the wall. The earth felt soft beneath our feet. 4、 up表示動作的方向往上，反義

11、詞為down。 如： Please hang the picture up. Do 的作用動詞do在句中的作用可以概述為四句十二字：做實義，助動詞，替前文，強語氣。作用一：實義，動詞dodo作實義動詞時，有do, does, did, done, doing五種形式，還有及物、不及物之分。如：1、做；研究；整理；完成。如：The old man does an hour of sport every day. She did her homework at home last night.Mother was doing the cooking when I reached home. Hav

12、e you done the exercises yet?2、行動；工作；進展；足夠。如：Kate does very well in her Chinese. How do you do? Well done! That will do. 作用二：助動dodo作助動詞時，只有do, does, did三種形式，無詞義，限用于含行為動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時兩種時態(tài)的否定句和疑問句中。如：They dont have any tickets for tonights concert. Kate stayed at home last night, didnt she?How many boo

13、ks does the library have? She doesnt do the washing in the evening.作用三：替代do為避免動詞的重復，使語言簡練，常以do, does, did替代前文所用的行為動詞。如：Tom runs much faster than you do.-Lucy, can you get some more tea, please? -Sure. Ill do it right away.-Who broke the cup? -Mimi did. -I like bananas. -So does he.作用四：語氣do為突出感情色彩，do

14、常用于祈使句、強調(diào)句和倒裝句中，以加強語氣。如：Do be careful. Dont tell a lie. He did come. -You often go to the park. -So we do. 第三節(jié) 介詞for的用法1. 表示“當作、作為”。如:I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜歡把面包和牛奶作為早餐。What will we have for supper? 我們晚餐吃什么?2. 表示理由或原因,意為“因為、由于”。如:Thank you for helping me with my English. 謝謝你幫我學習

15、英語。Thank you for your last letter. 謝謝你上次的來信。Thank you for teaching us so well. 感謝你如此盡心地教我們。3. 表示動作的對象或接受者,意為“給”、“對 (而言)”。如:Let me pick it up for you. 讓我為你撿起來。Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看電視太多有害于你的健康。4. 表示時間、距離,意為“計、達”。如:I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小時

16、。We will stay there for two days. 我們將在那里逗留兩天。5. 表示去向、目的,意為“向、往、取、買”等。如:Lets go for a walk. 我們出去散步吧。I came here for my schoolbag.我來這兒取書包。I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary. 我花了20元買這本詞典。6. 表示所屬關系或用途,意為“為、適于的”。如:Its time for school. 到上學的時間了。Here is a letter for you. 這兒有你的一封信。7. 表示“支持、贊成”。如:Are you f

17、or this plan or against it? 你是支持還是反對這個計劃?8. 用于一些固定搭配中。如:Who are you waiting for? 你在等誰?For example, Mr Green is a kind teacher. 比如,格林先生是一位心地善良的老師。第四節(jié) with的用法with 是介詞，但其意義頗多，一時難掌握。為幫助大家理清頭緒，這里以教材中的句子為例，進行分類，并配以簡單的解釋1. 帶著，牽著 (表動作特征)。如：Run with the kite like this.2. 附加、附帶著(表事物特征)。如：A glass of apple juic

18、e, two glasses of coke, two hamburgers with potato chips, rice and fish.3. 和 (某人)一起。a. 跟某人一起(居住、吃、喝、玩、交談) 。如：Now I am in China with my parents. Sometimes we go out to eat with our friends.b. 跟go, come 連用，有 加入到某方的意思。如：Do you want to come with me?4. 和play一起構成短語動詞playwith 意為玩耍，玩弄 如： Two boys are playing with their yo-yos.5. 與help 一起構成 help.with.句式，意為幫助 (某人) 做 (某事)。如：On Monday and Wednesday, he helps his friends with