高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題型及解題技巧課件（共124張PPT）

1、閱讀理解題型及解題技巧,閱讀體裁 經(jīng)過(guò)多年的發(fā)展與創(chuàng)新，高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的選材特點(diǎn)、命題特點(diǎn)以及語(yǔ)篇的詞數(shù)都相對(duì)穩(wěn)定。閱讀理解文章的語(yǔ)言材料一般都是原汁原味的英語(yǔ)文章，即in English, about English(cultures，countries，etc.)。材料涉及內(nèi)容廣，選材方面突出環(huán)保、人物傳記、社會(huì)風(fēng)俗、大眾科普、廣告、文學(xué)作品、時(shí)文報(bào)道等。（歷屆高考體裁）,題 型 及 解 題 技 巧,細(xì)節(jié)理解,考向一事實(shí)認(rèn)定類 1特殊疑問(wèn)句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，how，much/many等疑問(wèn)詞開頭引出的問(wèn)題。 2判斷是非的形式。含有true/fal

2、se，not true/false或except等的判斷是非的問(wèn)題。此時(shí)要注意題干中是否含有否定詞，如not，never等。 3以“according to.”開頭的提問(wèn)形式。 4填空形式。,常見問(wèn)題形式有： 1.According to the passage, who/ what/ which/ when/ Where / why / how/ how many/how much/ how long/ How soon/ how often, etc. ? 2. According to the passage, which of the following is true/ not tr

3、ue? 3. According to the passage, Which of the following is not mentioned ? 4. All of the following are true EXCEPT _. 5. In the passage the writer states that _. 6. Choose the best order in which the people do_. 7. Which of the following is true/false except? 8. Which of the following is mentioned e

4、xcept,Hoover Dam lies _. A. between Arizona and Nevada B. in the Black Canyon C. between New York and San Francisco D. both A and B,Sample 1,This huge dam is in the Black Canyon. It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road， which is on the top of the dam. This dam

5、 is so big that there is an elevator inside. This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936. Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States. Hoover Dam， one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.,Hoover

6、Dam lies _. A. between Arizona and Nevada B. in the Black Canyon C. between New York and San Francisco D. both A and B,Sample 1,Sample 2,Which of the following is NOT true? A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai. B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents. C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 19

7、91. D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.,Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991， Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, sh

8、e had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station.,Sample 2,Which of the following is NOT true? A. Luo Lin is a native of

9、Shanghai. B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents. C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991. D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.,moved,Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991， Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of

10、 being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manner

11、s, designed by the Asia TV Station.,taken,According to scientists ,the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is . Agreenhouse gas emissions (散發(fā)) in industrialized nations Bhigher surface water temperatures of the sea Ccontinuous global warming Drising sea levels,Sample 3, reported to the Earth Pol

12、icy Institute that the nation suffered an unusaually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years . Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.,connect,to,According to scientists ,the DIRECT cause of more and fier

13、cer storms is . Agreenhouse gas emissions (散發(fā)) in industrialized nations Bhigher surface water temperatures of the sea Ccontinuous global warming Drising sea levels,Sample 3,Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not . A. agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions Bsign an

14、 agreement with Tuvalu Callow Tuvaluans to move to the US D. believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real,Sample 4,Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhous

15、e gas emissions ,which are a main cause of global warming . “By refusing to sign the agreement, the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluan to live there,” Laupepa told the BBC.,Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not . A. agree to redu

16、ce its greenhouse gas emissions Bsign an agreement with Tuvalu Callow Tuvaluans to move to the US D. believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real,Sample 4,(故意用與原文中一模一樣的詞來(lái)迷惑考生),?,Jack Londons last days were _. A. usual ones B. not poor ones C. rich ones D. unhappy ones,Sample 5,Jack London was a famo

17、us American writer. He burned himself out when he was 40. He thought of his mother, Flora, who had never been a very responsible person. He was sure she was mentally ill and that he was becoming like her. At last he became too tired to care. He would not work and continued to spend money he did not

18、have. He would not change his life, or his writing, perhaps he could not.,Jack Londons last days were _. A. usual ones B. not poor ones C. rich ones D. unhappy ones,Sample 5,考向二數(shù)字計(jì)算類 數(shù)字計(jì)算題可涉及年代、人物年齡、需付錢數(shù)等方面的數(shù)字計(jì)算。,You have to pay at least _ a year if you study at the University of Waikato. A. $5,250

19、B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000,Sample 6,Tuition Fees (學(xué)費(fèi))Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: tui waikatoacnz. Accommodation (住宿)You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with othe

20、r regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: acc waikatoacnz,$5000(學(xué)費(fèi))+$100(住宿費(fèi))x12(months) +$150(生活費(fèi))x12=$8000,You have to pay at least _ a year if you study at the University of Waikato. A. $5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000,Sample 6,考向三順序排列類 排列順序類細(xì)節(jié)理解題的

21、考查形式是在選項(xiàng)中列舉一些具體的事實(shí)，然后要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容對(duì)選項(xiàng)中的事實(shí)進(jìn)行排序。,Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts? a. Start the system. b. Make a shopping list. c. Find the things you want. d. Go to a self-checkout stand. A. abdc B. bacd C. acbd D. bcad,Sample 7,People can use

22、 a home computer to make their shopping lists. Once at the store, a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system (系統(tǒng)) that will organize the trip around the store. If youre looking for toothpicks, you type in the word or pick it from a list, and a map will appear on the screen showing

23、 where you are and where you can find them.,Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts? a. Start the system. b. Make a shopping list. c. Find the things you want. d. Go to a self-checkout stand. A. abdc B. bacd C. acbd D. bcad,Sample 7,主旨大意,考查考生,加工與濃

24、縮信息的能力,如何做主旨大意題,做此類題目時(shí)，可利用文中主要信息來(lái)把握文脈，進(jìn)行綜合歸納，概括文章的主題。如有標(biāo)題，標(biāo)題中的蘊(yùn)含的信息往往是關(guān)鍵信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。,1. 標(biāo)題類常見的題型:,1.The best title/ headline for this passage might be_. 2.The text (passage) could be entitled . 3.What is the best title for the pass

25、age? 4.Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?,題 干 表 現(xiàn) 形 式,1. This passage chiefly deals with_. 2. Whats the topic of the article? 3. What is the subject discussed in the text? 4. With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?,2：大意類（文章和段落）常見題型,The authors main purpose

26、 in writing the passage is_. The passage is meant to _ The purpose of this article is _,3：目的類常見題型,主題句呈現(xiàn)的形式,A. 文首,提出主題, 隨之用細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)解釋, 支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的主 題思想. 最常見的演繹法寫作 方式。,sample 1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious

27、and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmf

28、ul. Is it worth it?,The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.,Sample

29、2,Sample 3,Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we cont

30、inue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.,B. 文尾,在表述細(xì)節(jié)后, 歸納要點(diǎn), 印象, 結(jié) 論建議或結(jié)果, 以 概括主題. 這是英 語(yǔ)中最常見的歸 納法寫作方式。,sample 4 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professi- -onal criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may rea

31、lly only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance,sample 5 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No

32、one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.,C.文中,通常前面只提出問(wèn)題， 文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出, 而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋, 支撐或發(fā)展。,sample 6 If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only 79. Two days sale. Hu- -

33、rry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs 395. This sales method is called “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a

34、sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale. The paragraph could be entitled _. A. Buying A TV Set B. A Selling Method C. Buyer Beware D. TV On Sale,(detail) (detail) (detail

35、),sample 7 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand a

36、camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.,無(wú)主題句,即主題句隱含在全文中, 沒(méi)有明確的主題句. 必須根據(jù)文篇中所提供的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，進(jìn)行全面考慮，綜合分析，然后找出共同的東西，歸納成一般概念。必須注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時(shí)過(guò)于寬泛，要恰如其分。,sample 8 Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the

37、University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years

38、, moved to another university.B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D. Tom received an excellent education.,detail,detail,detail,Types Of Paragraph Structures,At the begin

39、ning,At the end,In the middle,No clear topic sentence,for example,so, therefore,特別注意：,文章中的but, however, as a result, therefore等詞。它們通常是引出中心主旨的方向詞。而for example, first, or to begin with等是引出細(xì)節(jié)的信息詞，在它們之前往往提到文章的中心主旨。,Passage B(NMET2003) Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their lite

40、racy skills(讀寫能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in

41、the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ). The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of readin

42、g aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the childrens department. Last November the two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the childrens department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-

43、afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class.The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager.,Example and success of the prog

44、ram,How to get the main idea of a passage?,Passage B(NMET2003) Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(讀寫能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to g

45、ain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ). The Salt Lake City Public Library is so

46、ld on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the childrens department. Last November the two groups

47、 started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the childrens department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class.The program was so successful t

48、hat the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager.,Example and success of the program,59. What is mainly discussed in the text? A. Childrens reading difficulties. B. Advantages of raising dogs. C. Service in a public library. D. A special reading pro

49、gram.,details,Paragraph ideas,Passage idea,猜測(cè)詞義,詞義猜測(cè)題著重考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)詞義的能力，這也是一個(gè)從“已知”得出“未知”的過(guò)程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是該詞或短語(yǔ)前后的句子)進(jìn)行推理，有時(shí)還需要依靠常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義。,Question Form,(1) The word “” in Line means/can be best replaced by (2) As used in the passage, the phrase “” suggests (3) From the passage, we can infer that

50、 the word/phrase “” is/refers to (4) The word “” is closest in meaning to ,1. Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph? 2. The underlined word in the second paragraph means“_” 3. The word“it/they” in the last sentence refers to“_” 4. What does t

51、he phrase “_”in Paragraph 1 mean? 5. The underlined word“_” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by“_”,根據(jù)解釋確定詞義,技巧 1,1. Social mobility is the movement from one class or level of living to another. 2. The other questioned the veracity- the truthfulness of these reports.,3. He is a resolute man, once

52、he sets up a goal, he will not give it up easily. 4. He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.,根據(jù)對(duì)比確定詞義,技巧 2,In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state o

53、f turmoil.,根據(jù)邏輯確定詞義,技巧 3,If you are capable of working twelve hours a day without a rest, and if you can engage in physical exercise for hours without seeming to get tired, then you are indefatigable.,根據(jù)上下文情景確定詞義,技巧 4,The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph means_. A cleaning up B

54、 taking in C wiping out D giving out,Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year: equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each yea

55、r.,根據(jù)上下文情景確定詞義,技巧 4,The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph means_. A cleaning up B taking in C wiping out D giving out,利用構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義,技巧 5,利用同義詞、近義詞、反義詞猜測(cè)詞義,技巧 6,1. The offspring of a pair of birds leave the nest when they are big enough to fly Achildren Bancestors Cgenerations Dmates

56、 2. There is a stack of papers on Mr. Greens desk Apiece Bbalance Cmixture Dpile,Try to do the following exercises: 根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)各題中劃線詞的詞義,3. Before you buy something，check the quality firstFor example, if it is cheap, it might not be good Ahow good it is Bwhat the color is Cwhat the size is Dhow big it i

57、s 4. Please give me your recipe for this cake， so I can make it too Aa dish Bdirections for cooking Ca meal Ddirections to your house,5. Before a baby learns to walk, it has to crawl on the floor Awalk on two feet Bfly Csit in a chair Dmove on the hands and knees 6. Mr. Brown is an amateur photograp

58、herHe is an engineerBut in his free time he likes to take pictures A. as a hobby Bfor money Cas a job Das work,7. This small Christmas tree is made of plasticIt is not a real treeIt is artificial A. beautiful B. not natural C. for a special holiday Din an art museum 8. whales and elephants are gigan

59、tic animalsNo other animals can compare with them in size A. small Bland Csea Dhuge,9. The kiwi lays the largest eggs in the world. The strange thing about the kiwi is that it cannot fly A a kind of fish Ba kind of cat C. a kind of rock Da kind of bird 10. Some Africans carve beautiful human and animal figures out of woodThey sell their carvings to stores and museums Adraw Bbeat Cheat Dcut,11. Chicken pox can be very serious f