中考英語(yǔ)_第三輪_中考題型聚焦__閱讀理解1學(xué)習(xí)課件

1、第39講閱讀理解 在近3年遼寧各地市的中考試題中，閱讀理解大多數(shù)地方均為4篇，在 形式上以選擇型(4選1)為主要類型，并且大部分地區(qū)都會(huì)涉及一定量的 圖畫(huà)或表格，以增強(qiáng)試題的趣味性。各地話題涉及廣泛，文體以記敘文 和說(shuō)明文為主，少量涉及議論文，詞數(shù)均在200左右。 記敘文的話題以故事類為主，包括教育故事、情感故事、哲理故事等 ，以道德教育為目的，每年至少有2篇涉及該話題，約占閱讀理解所有 考查話題的50%。預(yù)計(jì)2017年仍會(huì)涉及該話題。 廣告圖表類閱讀理解的考查約占閱讀理解所有考查話題的25%。這類 話題一方面增加了試題的趣味性，另一方面貼近生活實(shí)際，能教會(huì)學(xué)生 一些英語(yǔ)在生活中的運(yùn)用。分析近

2、三年遼寧試題可知，廣告圖表類涉及 較多的是34組不同的小廣告或圖表組合，也會(huì)偶爾涉及某一個(gè)海報(bào)或 某一則信息，所涉及的內(nèi)容多貼近人們的社會(huì)生活，或是一些奇聞?shì)W事 。預(yù)計(jì)2017年仍會(huì)涉及該形式。 說(shuō)明文以介紹類為主，包括飲食健康、咨詢建議、文化風(fēng)俗、科普知 識(shí)、社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)、人物介紹、廣告信息等，內(nèi)容涉及廣泛，以了解知識(shí)為 目的。每年中考試題中至少有1篇涉及該話題，約占閱讀理解所有考查 話題的25%。預(yù)計(jì)2017年仍會(huì)涉及該話題。 中考英語(yǔ)“閱讀理解”題主要是考查考生綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的能 力。很多同學(xué)在做題時(shí)常常有一種“讀得懂做不對(duì)”的感覺(jué)。那么有必 要對(duì)閱讀理解這種題型及其解題技巧作一些簡(jiǎn)要

3、的分析。 從近幾年的中考閱讀理解情況看，短文體裁多樣，題材各異，文章涉 及科學(xué)知識(shí)、社會(huì)文化、政治歷史、人文環(huán)境和日常生活等方面，充分 體現(xiàn)其時(shí)代性、實(shí)用性。短文難度逐年加大。常見(jiàn)考查點(diǎn)有主旨大意題 、細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、詞義猜測(cè)題。 做閱讀理解練習(xí)應(yīng)先看問(wèn)題，弄清考點(diǎn)。在閱讀短文之前，快速瀏覽 問(wèn)題，以便在閱讀短文時(shí)做到心中有數(shù)，快速、準(zhǔn)確地捕捉所需信息。 其次要注意先易后難。做題時(shí)不必拘泥于書(shū)中所呈現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)篇順序，應(yīng)遵 循先易后難的原則。如可先做細(xì)節(jié)題再做推斷題，因?yàn)榧?xì)節(jié)題大多能直 接從文中找到答案，而推斷題則需對(duì)短文進(jìn)行深層理解，再作判斷。 (一)主旨大意題 主旨大意題主要考查考生對(duì)文

4、章主題思想的領(lǐng)會(huì)和理解能力。在解答 此類題目時(shí)，不能僅憑文中的只言片語(yǔ)斷章取義，涉及文章的標(biāo)題、結(jié) 論等有關(guān)問(wèn)題，都要在細(xì)讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí)進(jìn)行邏輯推理 判斷，從而獲取文章中的內(nèi)在信息。短文往往回繞主題句展開(kāi)，主題句 通常出現(xiàn)在短文的第一句或最后一句。各段的主題句通常出現(xiàn)在各段的 首句。 主旨大意題主要的設(shè)問(wèn)方式有： Whats the main idea of this passage? What does the passage mainly tell us? What does the passage mainly discuss? The writer means to te

5、ll us that _ The main idea of the passage is that _ The passage is mainly about _ From the passage we can learn/conclude that _ The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with _ Whats the best title for the passage? What would be the best title for the passage? The best title for the passage is _ (二)細(xì)節(jié)

6、理解題 細(xì)節(jié)理解題要注意同義不同句。利用題目的關(guān)鍵詞(多為人名、地名 、數(shù)字及其他專有名詞)，尋找文中對(duì)應(yīng)詞，在對(duì)應(yīng)詞周?chē)掖鸢富蛑苯?在文中搜索答案，對(duì)號(hào)入座。這類試題是針對(duì)文章中的細(xì)節(jié)而設(shè)計(jì)的。 細(xì)節(jié)題在閱讀理解中占比重很大，閱讀時(shí)要特別注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 首先，閱讀時(shí)利用這類關(guān)鍵詞和詞組that is to say，above all， especially，mainly等，把握文章的思路和脈絡(luò)。另外，在問(wèn)題的選項(xiàng)中 表示絕對(duì)意義的詞least (最不)，always (總是)，never (永不)，all (所有) ，none (一個(gè)也不)，any (任何) 和表示唯一性的詞匯only (

7、只有)，just (僅 僅)，往往是命題的陷阱，因此要多加注意。 其次，必須以原文提供的事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)和邏輯關(guān)系為依據(jù)，切忌把自己 的觀點(diǎn)和看法與原文或作者的觀點(diǎn)、看法混為一談。 最后，文章中的數(shù)字、日期、時(shí)間都是設(shè)題的重點(diǎn)，此類題目很少是 文章中直接列出的數(shù)字或日期，通常需要做簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算。 細(xì)節(jié)理解類題目常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式有： Which of the following is true/false/mentioned? What does the writer pay the least attention to? Choose the right order of the events give

8、n in the passage. All of the following statements may be true/false except _ Which of the following is not the result of.? Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of.? 【例1】(2016，鐵嶺) It was a summer day，a little leaf was crying sadly.“Whats wrong，little leaf？” the tree asked. “Its

9、the wind，” said the little leaf，“he just told me that he would throw me on the ground to die one day.” “Dont be afraid，baby.” the tree said，“just hold on me，and you wont leave me until you are ready.” So the little leaf stopped crying，and went on singing and dancing.She grew happily all the summer.

10、When autumn came，the little leaf saw all the leaves around her growing very beautiful.Some were yellow，some were brown，and others turned into different colors. Then the little leaf asked the tree what this meant.The tree said，“All these leaves are getting ready to fly away，and they have put on these

11、 colorful clothes to welcome their new lives.” After hearing the words，the little leaf began to prepare to leave like others. However，she saw that the tree had no bright colors.So the little leaf asked ，“Oh，big tree! Why are you grey while we are all beautiful？” “Its the color of our working clothes

12、，” said the tree kindly.“We must wear the clothes because we havent finished our work，but your clothes are for holidays because your task is now over.” Just then a wind came and took the little leaf away.She flew happily in the sky and expected her new trip. 【文章大意】本文是一篇哲理故事。文章通過(guò)葉子和大樹(shù)之間的對(duì)話 ，旨在告訴我們奉獻(xiàn)的

13、意義。 1The little leaf was told _ would throw her on the ground to die. Athe wind Bthe tree Cthe other leaves Dthe sky 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第二段首句可知，葉子告訴大樹(shù)，風(fēng)會(huì)把它 刮到地上，直至死亡。 答案：_A_ 2All the leaves _ when they were getting ready to fly away. Aturned grey Bput on colorful clothes Ccried sadly Dsang and danced happil

14、y 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第四段“All these leaves are getting ready to fly away，and they have put on these colorful clothes to welcome their new lives.”可知葉子們?cè)谝w走的時(shí)候，都穿上了五顏六色的衣服。 答案：_B_ 3When the little leaf was getting ready to leave，she found _ Athe tree became more beautiful Bthe other leaves were crying Cshe her

15、self turned yellow Dthe tree had no bright colors 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第六段“However，she saw that the tree had no bright colors.”可知，在葉子準(zhǔn)備飛走的時(shí)候，她發(fā)現(xiàn)大樹(shù)沒(méi)有鮮艷的 顏色。 答案：_D_ 4At the end of the story，we can know the little leaf _ Awas sad to leave Bwas happy to fly away Cgrew more beautiful Dstill grew on the tree 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)

16、理解題。從最后一段“Just then a wind came and took the little leaf away.She flew happily in the sky and expected her new trip.”可知， 葉子高興地在天空中飛翔，并且期待著她的新旅行。 答案：_B_ 5The passage is mainly about _ Aa summer day Ba cruel wind Ca little leaf Da big tree 【解析】主旨大意題。文章通過(guò)對(duì)葉子前后變化告訴我們奉獻(xiàn)的偉大 之處。 答案：_C_ At my primary school

17、，I was one of the smartest kids there.I never studied，but always got perfect scores.I thought I was born clever.At least I believed so.I was also a_prodigy in music according to myself.I could sing better than almost everyone else in my school.I was pretty sure that once I got to sixth grade，everyon

18、e would be surprised by me. But actually，they werent. When I arrived at my new class, I couldnt wait to show everyone what I could do.However，there was always someone else who could do them better.My grades began to suffer.More talented(有天資的) girls often sang solo(獨(dú)唱)I believed I wasnt smart.I belie

19、ved I wasnt talented.I believed I was a failure. Over the next two years，I had to work very hard.Every prize for the singing competition was given to me for hard work and effort.Grades were still very low but improving little by little.I worked really hard.However，I was never the best at everything.

20、 I havent realized until recently that I really dont have to be the best at everything.I was too hard on myself.In fact，when I did badly in a test，my classmates never laughed at me. No one is perfect.There will probably always be someone better than me at something.Anyway，there are about seven billi

21、on people in this world.I will never be the number one at everything，and thats really okay. 1What does “a prodigy” probably mean in English? AA smart kid. BA crazy fan. CA common child. DA lazy girl. 2When the writer was at the new class._ Ashe lost her interest in music Bshe had difficulty in learn

22、ing Cshe surprised everyone in solos Dshe got separated from friends 3What happened to the writer during the next two years? AShe won many prizes without any effort. BShe found the best way to become perfect. CShe gave up trying because of the low scores. DShe failed to be perfect though she worked

23、hard. 4What has the writer realized recently? AThere is no success without effort. BBeing talented is the key to success. CDont expect too much of yourself. DIts not necessary to care about the result. 5Which would be the best title for this passage? AWhen I wasnt perfect BMy past life as a young gi

24、rl CHard work doesnt work DWhat to do when youre not perfect 15.ABDCD (三)推理判斷題 推斷題就是根據(jù)某個(gè)事實(shí)推斷結(jié)論的題型，主要考查學(xué)生的理解力和 推斷力。這類推斷通常包括：數(shù)據(jù)事實(shí)推斷、常識(shí)推斷以及作者的寫(xiě)作 目的、態(tài)度和傾向等的推斷。做此類題時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)短文中的相關(guān)語(yǔ)句， 對(duì)與事實(shí)有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)加以分析，找出線索，悟出字里行間的意思，反復(fù) 比較，從而作出合乎邏輯的判斷。 推理判斷題主要的設(shè)問(wèn)方式有： It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that. Which

25、of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage? The writer suggests that. The writer uses the example of.to show that. Whats the writers attitude toward.? Whats the writers purpose of writing the passage? From the passage，we know. The writer probably agrees that. (四)詞義猜測(cè)題 詞義猜測(cè)題主要考

26、查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義的能力 。一般情況下，推斷詞義的題目中所出現(xiàn)的單詞，大多數(shù)是學(xué)生未曾見(jiàn) 過(guò)的生詞，學(xué)生需要在該詞出現(xiàn)的上下文中去尋找線索。通過(guò)閱讀上下 文，斷定該詞的真正含義，然后將這個(gè)釋義代入文中，檢查是否貼切， 仔細(xì)比較直到得出該詞的確切的含義。 詞義猜測(cè)題主要的設(shè)問(wèn)方式有： Whats the meaning of the underlined word/phrase.in Chinese? The underlined word.refers to/probably means. The underlined word.could be replaced by.

27、What is the meaning of.? Which of the following words can take the place of the word.? 【例2】 (2016，營(yíng)口) Head teacher，teachers，grandparents，parents and classmates，Im very proud that I have been chosen to speak to you all today.Im a bit nervous as Ive never made a speech before to so many people，but Ill

28、 try my best. As we all know，this is the school leavers party，and its time to say goodbye to everyone.Were sorry to leave you at the end of our junior high school education，and we promise that well never forget the happy times we have spent in these buildings with you all. Id like to thank three gro

29、ups of people for the three things Ive learnt while Ive been a pupil at our school.The three things are friendship，love and knowledge. The first group is my friends，and what Ive learnt is the importance of friendship.Weve worked hard together，weve even shared some difficult times together，but weve a

30、lso had a lot of fun.Many of us will go to new schools and we may not see each other so often in the future.Others will go on to senior high school and continue their close friendship.But friends dont have to see each other all the time.Sometimes the friends you treasure most are the friends you see

31、 less often.A life without old friends is like a day without sunshine.Well always stay in touch. The second group is our parents and grandparents.We thank you for the love you have shown us during our years at junior high school，for making a home where we feel both safe and relaxed，and where we can

32、prepare ourselves for our school days.We also thank you for your help with our homework. And finally，the third group is our teachers.We can never pay you back for your kindness，your patience，and the gift of knowledge which you have offered us；sometimes youve made us work very hard.But you have alway

33、s been fair and youll always be our role models. Theres a saying from lreland which is a favorite of mine: Strangers are only friends you havent met yet.I couldnt say it better myself.So from the bottom of my heart，I thank you all and wish you success in the future. 【文章大意】本文是一篇演講稿。作者主要介紹了自己在校期間的三 樣收

34、獲：友誼、愛(ài)和知識(shí)，流露出作者對(duì)學(xué)校生活的不舍之情。 1_ made the speech. AA teacher BA student CA parent DA manager 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章首句可推知，本文是一個(gè)學(xué)生的演講稿 。 答案：_B_ 2The speaker says thanks to many people except _ Aparents Bfriends Cteachers Dastronauts 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章四五六段首句可推知，作者在這篇演講 稿里分別表達(dá)了對(duì)朋友、父母和祖父母及老師的感恩之情。 答案：_D_ 3The underlined

35、word “treasure” means _ in Chinese according to the passage. A財(cái)富 B珍藏 C珍惜 D寶藏 【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第四段第五、六句“But friends dont have to see each other all the time.Sometimes the friends you treasure most are the friends you see less often.”可知朋友并不用一直待在一起。有時(shí)候 你最珍惜的朋友(反而)是你見(jiàn)的次數(shù)較少的。 答案：_C_ 4Where do you think this

36、 speech is made? AIn a school. BIn a hospital. CIn a factory. DAt home. 【解析】推理判斷題。這篇文章是一位學(xué)生寫(xiě)的，因此最有可能是在 學(xué)校完成的。 答案：_A_ 5What can we know according to the speech? AIf friends dont see each other all the time，they will be strangers. BParents cant help us with our homework. CWe can pay teachers back one

37、day. DStudents can learn friendship，love and knowledge at school. 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段第五、六句“But friends dont have to see each other all the time.Sometimes the friends you treasure most are the friends you see less often.”可知A項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)文章第五段最后一句“We also thank you for your help with our homework.”可知B項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤；根

38、據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段第二句 “We can never pay you back for your kindness.”可知C項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)文章第 三段最后一句“The three things are friendship，love and knowledge.”可知D項(xiàng)表 述正確。 答案：_D_ (2016，朝陽(yáng)) Every time when I felt upset or sick，I liked to go to a special place where I could relax myself.It is the club.I joined the club 3 years ag

39、o.My sister recommended this place to me.They told me that I could find lots of fun there.Its near my house and our hospital.I usually stayed there for 2 or 3 hours and went home.I loved the club because I felt comfortable there! The club only allowed women to be members.I didnt worry about my priva

40、cy.The club was the biggest womens club in my country where there was a lot of space to do the different activities.You could see a beautiful warm water pool.You could find many big rooms behind the pool.There was a cold room，an exercise room，an MTV center，a massage center，and two restaurants. Every

41、one knew working in the hospital had many stresses.I needed to find a way to relax myself.Its the best choice for me.I often took a shower first and then swam for 20 minutes to relax myself.When I finished the exercise，I liked to watch a video and take a short sleep. Although it costs a lot of money

42、 to be a club member，I hope I can join the club again after I come back to my country. 1The underlined word means “_” in Chinese. A購(gòu)買(mǎi) B推薦 C宣傳 D說(shuō)明 2The writer wanted to _ when she went to the club. Amake friends Blearn singing Crelax herself Dbe a volunteer 3Whats the correct order to the writers act

43、ivities? watch a videotake a showertake a short sleep swim in the warm pool A B C D 4What cant you do in the club? ADo exercise. BGet a message service. CBuy clothes. DSwim in the pool. 5Which of the following is NOT true? AYou can eat meals in the club if you are hungry. BThe writer usually stayed

44、in the club for a whole day. CThe writer worked in a hospital. DIf you are a man，you cant join the club. 15.BCDCB 【文章大意】本文是一篇哲理故事。文章通過(guò)葉子和大樹(shù)之間的對(duì)話 ，旨在告訴我們奉獻(xiàn)的意義。 1The little leaf was told _ would throw her on the ground to die. Athe wind Bthe tree Cthe other leaves Dthe sky 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第二段首句可知，葉子告訴大樹(shù)，風(fēng)會(huì)把它 刮到地上，直至死亡。 答案：_A_ 4At the end of the story，we can know the litt