初中+英語語法之+主謂一致

1、精品好資料學(xué)習(xí)推薦本章內(nèi)容選自張道真先生主編的初中英語語法第十六章主謂一致學(xué)習(xí)導(dǎo)航主謂一致情況比較復(fù)雜，學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要熟練掌握語法一致、意義一致和就近一致三個(gè)原則。要做到主謂一致，除了要考慮句子中主語人稱和數(shù)的變化，還要考慮到謂語動詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。很多情況下還要結(jié)合具體的語言環(huán)境加以判斷。語法視窗1、 主謂一致的三條原則主語和謂語保持一致，即謂語動詞的形式必須隨著主語單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的變化而變化叫主謂一致。主謂一致一般要遵循三條原則，即語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。1、 語法一致原則。謂語動詞與其主語在人稱和數(shù)上要保持一致，即主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也采取單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動

2、詞也采取復(fù)數(shù)形式。Tom likes eggs，oranges and bananas.All the students in my class are hard-working.2、 意義一致原則。有些名詞形式為單數(shù)，但表示復(fù)數(shù)意義；有些名詞形式為復(fù)數(shù)，卻表示單數(shù)意義。這種情況下，謂語動詞要采取意義一致的原則，即謂語動詞的數(shù)必須和主語的意義一致。People read for pleasure during their spare time.（people表示復(fù)數(shù)概念）Three months has passed since you left.（three months 表示單數(shù)概念）3、

3、 就近一致原則。就近一致原則指的是謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)與并列主語中最靠近它的那個(gè)主語保持一致。No food or water is allowed to take with.Either several telephones or a fax machine is needed in my office.Neither you nor he knows how to answer the question.Not only the students but （also）their teacher likes the film.There is a table and four chairs i

4、n the room.There are four chairs and a table in the room.2、 主謂一致的具體情況1、 不定式、動名詞作主語單個(gè)的不定式、動名詞作主語時(shí)謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。由and連接的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)不定式、動名詞作主語表示兩個(gè)不同的概念時(shí)，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。To learn a foreign language well is not easy.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.To do and to say are two different things.2、 and，both.and連接的并列

5、成分作主語在連詞and或both.and連接的并列主語后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動詞。New York and Boston are American cities.Both bread and butter are sold out.特別提示：由and 連接的并列主語，如果是指一個(gè)人或一種事物時(shí)，其后的謂語動詞就用單數(shù)形式。The writer and artist has come.那位作家兼藝術(shù)家已經(jīng)來了。A knife and fork is on the table.餐桌上有一副刀叉。Fish and chips is a popular food.炸魚加薯?xiàng)l是一種很受歡迎的食物。Fi

6、ve and five makes ten.5加5等于10。3、 More than one.，many a.作主語“more than one + 名詞，many a + 名詞，a（n）. and a half”等短語作主語時(shí)，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語動詞需要用單數(shù)形式。A month and a half has passed since I saw him.More than one person here is going to find a new job.4、 假性主語主語后有with/together with/except/but/like/as well as.等短語時(shí)，

7、謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式不受這類短語影響，仍與短語前的主語一致。Mr. Green，together with his children，has come to China.I，with someone else in my class，am staying in a Chinese home.The students as well as their teacher were playing a game on the playground.No one except the teachers knows the answer.She,like you and Tom,is very tall.

8、5、 表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞作主語主語為表示由兩個(gè)相同的部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞，如glasses，trousers，pants，shoes等時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但如果它們前面用了pair修飾時(shí)，謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于pair的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。My new trousers are a bit tight.Here are some new pairs of shoes.6、 “the/a number of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語主語為“the number of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)（.的數(shù)量）”時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為“a number of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)（很多.）”時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形

9、式。The number of cars is increasing.There were a number of people out this afternoon.7、 each及復(fù)合不定代詞作主語each或由some-，any-，every-，no-構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞用作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Somebody is looking for you.Everybody is doing his best.There is nothing interesting in the newspaper.I cant find my pen-has anyone seen it？8、 eith

10、er、neither作主語either、neither用作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。但是，如果后面接“of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或代詞的復(fù)數(shù)”時(shí)，謂語動詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可。Either is very good.Neither of us wants/want to eat outside.Neither of the sisters was/were alive.9、 定語從句中關(guān)系代詞作主語在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that，who，which等用作主語時(shí)，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)一致。This is the man who wants to see you.The girls who are co

11、ming soon are my students.10、 what引導(dǎo)的主語從句作主語由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，主句謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。但如果表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，主句謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。What we need now is time.What he left me are only some old books.11、 表示時(shí)間、金額等的名詞短語作主語表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式用作主語時(shí)，通常作為整體看待，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。Six weeks is a very long time to be away from home.A hundred miles is a

12、long distance.Ten thousand dollars is cheap enough for that house.12、 以-s結(jié)尾表示單數(shù)意義的名詞作主語有些表示學(xué)科的名詞或?qū)Ｓ忻~以s結(jié)尾，但表示單數(shù)意義，如news，physics，maths，politics，James等。這些詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Physics is my favourite subject. James is going to spend his holiday in Hawaii.13、 集體名詞作主語集體名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于集體名詞的意義。當(dāng)集體名詞指整體時(shí)，謂語動詞用單

13、數(shù)形式；當(dāng)側(cè)重其中的個(gè)體成員時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這類集體名詞常見的有army，class，club，family，group，team等。但集體名詞cattle，people，police一般總看成復(fù)數(shù)形式。The class is the best one in the grade.The whole class are listening to the teacher carefully.Almost every family there owns a car.All my family enjoy the life in the country.Before the match ou

14、r team was expected to be the best one.The team are driving to the game in their own cars.14、 None of 后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或代詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語口語中，none of 后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或代詞的復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；書面語中，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。None of our factories is/are in operation yet.None of the students has/have ever been to the island.15、 “some，most，分?jǐn)?shù)等+名詞”作主語s

15、ome，any，most，all，more，the rest，分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)等作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞要與他們所指代的名詞的數(shù)一致。Some of the apples remain green.Most of the money was spent on clothes.All was quiet in the street.All of the people have gone.Two thirds of these taskshave been done.模擬訓(xùn)練I. 用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Neither you nor I _ （have）been to Hawaii Before.

16、2. Not only you but also Tom _ （have）passed the exam.3. Each of you _ （be）responsible for the accident.4. Every means _ （have）been tried but without much result.5.Not only I but also David and Iris _ （be）fond of playing basketball.5. The gas works _ （be）near the city.6. Cattle _（be）grazing on the hi

17、llside now.7. The Philippines _ （lie）to the southeast of China.8. Early to bed and early to rise _（make）a man healthy，happy and wise.9. None of them _ （be）my friends.II.下列各句中均有一處錯(cuò)誤，請改正。1. Lily,with her mother have gone to the zoo to see birds. _2. In our school library there are a number of books on

18、 science and the number of them are growing larger and larger. _3. Chinese，as well as English，are very important in middle schools. _4. Everything begin to grow fast in spring. _5. The police has caught in the murderer. _6. To do are much more difficult than to say. _7. How time flies！Three years ar

19、e really a short time. _8. Mr. Green with two books in his hand are standing outside the classroom. _9. Everyone except Bill and Jim were there when the meeting began. _10. The old woman，together with her two grandsons，are crossing the road. _III.單項(xiàng)選擇題。1. -Mum，Im hungry. _ no milk in the fridge. - O

20、h，Ill go and buy some at once.A. There is B.It is C.There are D.They are2. -Sixteen-year-olds _ to drive in China. -But in America，they can.A. is allowed B.is not allowed C.are allowed D.are not allowed3. Between the two hills _ a deep river. A. Are B.have C. has D.is4.He is one of the best managers

21、 who _ in the firm.A. works B.working C.is working D.work5.-Two months _ quite a long time. -Yes，Im afraid that his mother will worry about him.A. is B.are C.was D.were6. The girl with two cats _ in the yard when the earthquake happened.A. was playing B.is playing C.are playing D.were playing7. This

22、 pair of shoes _ too big for me. Would you please show me another pair?A. are B.is C.was D. Were8.Everyone except Mary and Mike _ there since the meeting began.A. have been B.were C.was D.has been9. More than one friend of mine _ the Summer PaLace.A. visit B. visits C. have visited D. has visited10.

23、 The Smiths _ nice to me when I was in England.A. was B. is C. were D.are11. I didnt think physics _ as important as English at that time.A. is B. was C. are D.were12. Tom，with his friends，_ basketball every Saturday afternoon. A. play B. plays C.has played D. have played13.Nothing but flowers and t

24、rees _ the hill.A. covers B. cover C. covering D. is covering14. Our knowledge _ growing all the time.A. be B.is C. are D. were 15. One of my friends _ moved to America. I miss her so much.A. has B. have C. is D. areIV.用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文 Most of us probably _ （not enjoy）doing housework. The thought o

25、f cleaning the bathroom or cooking dinner for the family _ （make） most of us tired. However,the fact is that someone _ （have）to do it. Most of the time it is the parents who _ （end）up doing housework. Is this really fair?Learn to do little things Doing housework _ （be）really not so bad. If we all do

26、 our part,it will seem much less frighting. Why should your mother have to wash dishes? You are able to take care of yourself. Doing little things around the house will show that you are becoming more mature（成熟的）and self-sufficient（自立的）. Divide housework among the familySome of us _ （think）that we are too busy to do housework,but most parents wor