初中定語從句專題

1、初中英語定語從句專題一、定語從句的概念 在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。先行詞例如：He is the girl whom I want to find. 二、定語從句的關(guān)系詞 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩種, 常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)，as等,常見的關(guān)系副詞有where, when, why，how等。注：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時(shí)又作定語從句的重要成分。 3、 定語從句的分類 根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系,定語從句

2、可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開,從句不可省去,而非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開,起補(bǔ)充說明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 注：中考主要是征對(duì)關(guān)系詞的考查。4、 關(guān)系代詞的用法 1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語,作主語時(shí)不可省略,作賓語可省 略。例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語) The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。(tha

3、t作賓語) 2. which用于指物,在句中作主語或賓語,作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如: The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家 超市。(作主語) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語) 3. 3. who, whom用于指人,who 用作主語,whom用作賓語。在口語中,有時(shí)可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如: The girl who often hel

4、ps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國(guó)人。(作主語) Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語) 注意:(1)當(dāng)定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時(shí),who, that, which可省略,但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí),只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如: This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?Please tell me from whom you

5、 borrowed the English novel.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。 (2)含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如: This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。 (3)that 作介詞的賓語時(shí),介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如: The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。 4. 關(guān)系代詞中幾對(duì)詞的區(qū)別：（1）that 與which 的用法區(qū)別關(guān)系詞只能用that不用which的情況: a. 先

6、行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如: He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個(gè)通過考試的人。 b.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎? c.先行詞被the only, the v

7、ery, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如: This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。 d. 先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí),只能用that, 而不用which.例如: I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見到的人和一些照片。 e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that.例如: Who is the girl

8、 that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰? f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which.例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。 關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況: a.先行詞為that, those時(shí),用which, 而不用that.例如: Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么? b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),一般用which,而不用that.例如: This is the room

9、 in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。 c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,用which, 而不用that.例如: Tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。 （2） 關(guān)系代詞who與whom的區(qū)別Who主要用于關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語，而且先行詞是人時(shí)；而whom主要用于關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語而且先行詞是人時(shí)，例如：I dont know the woman who is talking there. (作主語)I dont know the woman whom the police are looking for. (作賓語)

10、（3） 關(guān)系代詞which和as的區(qū)別 which引導(dǎo)的定語從句不能置于句首，而as引導(dǎo)的定語從句則可以；另外，as引導(dǎo)的定語從句有“正如，正有”的意思。例如：As we all know, China is a great country with a long history.5、 定語從句和同位語從句的區(qū)別 這兩者最大的區(qū)別就在于連接詞在從句中是否作某種成分，例如： The news that he will be the monitor of our class is unknown. (同位語從句) The news that he told us this this morning

11、 surprised us a lot. （定語從句）5、 關(guān)系副詞的用法 (1)when指時(shí)間,其先行詞表示時(shí)間,在句中作時(shí)間狀語。例如: This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。 (2)where指地點(diǎn),其先行詞表示地點(diǎn),在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。例如: This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。 (3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語作用。例如: Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。 注意：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)

12、系副詞的區(qū)分主要是看它們?cè)趶木渲兴龅某煞?，如作主語或賓語，則用關(guān)系代詞；如作狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞。所以確定從句缺少的是什么成分是做好這一類題的重點(diǎn)。如：These are the days_we spent together.These are the days_we lived together. 很顯然，第一個(gè)句子中從句缺少的是賓語，所以要用關(guān)系代詞，而第二個(gè)句子中缺少的是狀語，所以用關(guān)系副詞。注意：大部分的關(guān)系副詞都能用介詞+關(guān)系代詞來替換。例如：This is the place where he arrived yesterday=This is the place at which

13、 he arrived yesterday. 這一點(diǎn)也是中考的重點(diǎn)，難點(diǎn)在于介詞的選擇，同學(xué)們一定要仔細(xì)觀察到底該用哪個(gè)介詞。1.單項(xiàng)填空。 1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, _ from east to west. A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that2. This is the case _ hes had all his money stolen.A. when B. where C. that D. on which3. Mr. Smith wi

14、ll pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, _ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008. A. where B. when C. which D. how4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything _ .A. that the little girl asks him B. the little girl asks him toC. for the little girl to ask him D. what the

15、little girl asks him5. How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?Oh, thats easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one _ the telephone number is provided.A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose6. October 15 th is my birthday, _ I will never forget.A. when B. that C. what D. which7.

16、 The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _ he can walk correctly and safely.A. when B. where C. which D. whose8. There are several research centers in China _ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.A. which B. where C. when D. what9. I hope that the little _ I hav

17、e been able to do does good to them all.A. which B. what C. that D. when10. The time is not far away _ modern communications will becomewidespread in Chinas vast countryside.A. as B. when C. until D. before11. _ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it.A. It B. As C. Which

18、D. What12. I shall never forget the day _ Shen Zhou V was launched, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when, which B. that, which C. which, that D. when, that13. The bread my wife makes is much better than _ you can buy at a store.A. that which B. one that C. that of which D. this of which14. There

19、is no such place _ you dream of in all this world.A. that B. what C. which D. as15. The people, _ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A. all whose homes B. all of whose homesC. all their homes D. all of their homes16. The humans are destroying nature day by day, _ of cour

20、se, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later. A. who B. when C. on which D. which17. Is this research center _ you visited the modern equipment last year?A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where18. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old _ they swam in it.A.

21、when B. that C. who D. where19. The man showed us so heavy a stone _ no man can lift.A. that B. as C. which D. and20. He stayed there for quite a long time, during _ time he learned much spoken English. A. that B. this C. which D. same2. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom填空。 1. The first thing _you must

22、 do is to have a meal. 2. April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west. 3. The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends. 4. The house _we live in is very old. 5. Didnt you see the man _I talked with just now? 3. 中考鏈接【2011湖南株洲】28. People often like clo

23、thes _ can make them look young.A. when B. who C. that that引導(dǎo)，故選C。【2012貴州貴陽(yáng)】37. “What do you think of the school uniforms?” “Very good. I like clothes _ make me feel comfortable.”A. that B. what C. who【2012貴州貴陽(yáng)】37. “What do you think of the school uniforms?” “Very good. I like clothes _ make me feel

24、 comfortable.”A. that B. what C. who【2012廣東】42. There will be a flower show in the park _ we visited last week.A. who B. when C. what D. Which【2012廣西玉林】37. Now many people smoke and get ill. So we should do something _ can help stop smoking. A. what B. who C. / D. that【2012 湖北黃石】30. I still remember

25、 the time _ we spent together at Xisai Mountain last year.A. when B. what C. who D. which 【2012湖北十堰】38. One of the most delicious drinks _ I like is orange juice. A. which B. that C. whose D. whom【2012湖北隨州】35. There are so many girls over there. Which one is your sister? The one _hat is yellow.A. wh

26、o B. whose C. that D. which【2012湖北咸寧】29. We all like the story about the teacher _ happened in our school last week. AA. which B. who C. whom D. what【2012江蘇南京】7. The English-Chinese dictionary _ my father bought for me many years ago is still of great value.A. whose B. when C. who D. that【2012江蘇揚(yáng)州】1

27、2. Zhang Lili is considered as the most beautiful teacher _ gave her love to her students in danger.A. who B. that C. whom D. which【2012 呼和浩特】9. The little boy was wrapping the present _ world be sent to his teacher.A. who B. / C. what D. that【2012廣東省梅州市】35. Mr. Smith _ is smoking is looking for_ sh

28、e lost yesterday.A. whom; which B. who; what C. that; who D. which; where【2011河南】33. Success will belong to those _never say impossible.A. whom B. what C. who D. which【2012 山東濱州】33. What are you looking for?Im looking for the ring _my husband bought me last year.A. that B. who C. whom D. it【2012山東泰安

29、】38. I hate people _ talk much but do little. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom28Piano is a word_ was originally borrowed from ItalianAwhere Bwho Cwhich Dwhose【2012四川成都】36. Its interesting that there are many people _ speak French in Canada. A. which B. where C. who【2012四川達(dá)州】23. Do you enjoy My heart will go on?No, I prefer songs loud.