18 19 Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Language pointsWelcome to the unit and Reading

1、 Section Language points (Welcome to the unit & Reading) 核 心 要 點(diǎn) 探 究 influence vt.影響；對(duì)起作用；支配；感化 (教材P)Taoism has greatly influenced Chinese philosophy. 49道家的陰陽(yáng)之說(shuō)極大地影響了中國(guó)的哲學(xué)。 The weather influences crops. 天氣影響收成。 Young people are quickly influenced by new ideas. 年輕人會(huì)很快地受到新思想的影響。 influence sb.to do sth

2、. 影響某人做某事 影響力；威望 influence n. 對(duì)有影響have influence/effect on/upon 有影響力的 influential adj. that? Who influenced her to do 誰(shuí)影響她做那件事的？ his ambitious future plan. His family have great influence on 他的家庭對(duì)他躊躇滿志的未來(lái)計(jì)劃有很大的影響。 influence/affect influence 指間接、潛移默化的影響，涉及行為、思想、感情等，多指 影響無(wú)形的事物。 affect 僅指影響感情或具體事物。 His

3、 writings have influenced the lives of millions. 他的作品影響了千百萬(wàn)人的一生。 Smoking can affect heart. 吸煙可影響心臟。 用affect和influence的適當(dāng)形式填空 They try to the size of the crops by using fertilizer. He was by a middle school teacher to take up the study of medicine. 頁(yè) 1 第 This example has great on young people. 【答案】 a

4、ffect influenced influence (教材P)An idiom is a group of words or an expression whose meaning is 50 not straightforward，because it often cannot be understood by looking at the meanings of its separate words. 習(xí)語(yǔ)是組詞或者是一種表達(dá)方式，其意義不是那么簡(jiǎn)單，因?yàn)榱?xí)語(yǔ)常常無(wú)法從各個(gè)單獨(dú)的單詞意義中獲得。 【句式分析】 whose是定語(yǔ)從句中一個(gè)常用的關(guān)系代詞，表示“的”之意；它可以指人，也可以指

5、物；既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，又可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；whose表示所屬關(guān)系指物時(shí)，可與of which轉(zhuǎn)換，詞序一般是：名詞of which，也可用“of which名詞”。 I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. 我隔壁住著一對(duì)夫妻，他們的孩子經(jīng)常制造很多噪音。 Look at the building，whose roof is white. Look at the building，the roof of which is white. Look at the building，o

6、f which the roof is white. 看那棟樓，樓頂?shù)念伾前椎摹?【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：88062026】 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 The man pulled out a gold watch，whose hands were made of diamonds. The man pulled out a gold watch，the hands were made of diamonds. The man pulled out a gold watch， the hands were made of diamonds. I bought a vase，the price of which was v

7、ery cheap. I bought a vase， price was very cheap. I bought a vase， the price was very cheap. 【答案】 of which；of which whose；of which in other words換句話說(shuō)；也就是說(shuō) (教材P)In other words，its meaning can be very different from the apparent 50 頁(yè) 2 第 meanings of its components. 換句話說(shuō)，其意義與其各個(gè)組成部分明顯的意義可能非常不同。 It goes

8、 on horizontally.In other words，it goes from side to side，not from top to bottom. 它是水平移動(dòng)的。也就是說(shuō)，它是從一邊移動(dòng)到另一邊，而不是由上至下移動(dòng)的。 break ones word 失信；食言 總之 in a(one)word 口頭上 in word 用語(yǔ)言 in words 信守諾言 keep ones word 逐字地 word for word 留言 leave word 有消息說(shuō) word came that. Word came that a great many soldiers were se

9、nt to Yaan Sichuan Province to rescue the people trapped in the earthquake. 有消息說(shuō)大批戰(zhàn)士被送到四川雅安去救助在地震中受困的人們。 完成句子 換句話說(shuō)，我們都不能去看電影。 ，none of us can go to the movies. 他妻子是我女兒。換句話講，我是他的岳母。 His wife is my daughter； ，I am his mother-in-law. 有消息說(shuō)將軍要來(lái)視察軍隊(duì)。 the general would come to inspect the army. 你的同學(xué)留言說(shuō)他今晚來(lái)

10、看你。 Your classmate he would come to see you this evening. 【答案】 In other words in other words Word came that left word that either.or.或者或者；要么要么 (教材P)However，many idioms have either lost their original meanings or 50 頁(yè) 3 第 have only a vague or loose connection with them now.然而，今天許多習(xí)語(yǔ)原意蕩然無(wú)存，或只與原意有含糊或松散

11、的聯(lián)系。 Its wrong to regard our work either as totally good or as totally bad. 說(shuō)我們的工作樣樣都好或是一無(wú)是處，都是不對(duì)的。 Either you come in person，or you entrust someone with the matter. 你要么自己來(lái)，要么就托人辦這件事。 Either you or he is wrong. 要么你錯(cuò)了，要么他錯(cuò)了。 neither.nor. 既不也不 既又；兩者都 both.and. Neither she nor I am right.她和我都不對(duì)。 Both s

12、he and I are right.她和我都對(duì)。 翻譯句子 從他的外貌可以判斷他要么是位教師，要么就是醫(yī)生。 他不抽煙也不喝酒。 他父母二人都參加了這個(gè)會(huì)議。 【答案】 Judging by his appearance，he is either a teacher or a doctor. He neither smokes nor drinks. Both his mother and his father attended the meeting. (教材P)For example，by and by now meansbefore long，but in 50 the Bible，i

13、t was used to meanimmediately 例如，“by and by”現(xiàn)在的意思是“不久”，但在圣經(jīng)中，它被用來(lái)表示“立刻，馬上”。 (1)by and by不久，過(guò)一會(huì)兒 Well return by and by.我們不久就會(huì)回來(lái)。 By and by she met an old man with a beard. 她不久就碰到了一個(gè)大胡子老頭。 again and again 再三地，一再地 一直，繼續(xù) on and on 一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地，逐步地 bit by bit 頁(yè) 4 第 漸漸地little by little 逐步地step by step 并肩地side by

14、 side 一天一天地，逐日day by day 日復(fù)一日，天天day after day with the accused. side by sideShe stood 她與被告并肩站著。 he applied himself to the task until it was finished. Day by day 他日復(fù)一日地投入那項(xiàng)工作，直到完成為止。 】：88062027 【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào) 完成句子 ) (一會(huì)兒The pain will go away ) (漸漸地The opponent team gained the ground (逐日地) His medical condition

15、 is continuing to improve 一天天地) (My mother does the housework day by day by and by bit by bit/little by little/step by step【答案】 day after day adv.立刻，立即(2)immediately. He wrote back to her immediately 他立刻給她回了信。 相當(dāng)于 一就；一經(jīng)立即(immediately conj.the min- the moment，instantlydirectly ，as soon as) ute， adj.

16、立即的；即刻的immediate he comes. immediatelyWe will start the meeting 他一來(lái)我們就開(kāi)會(huì)。he held out his hands. he saw me，Instantly 他一見(jiàn)到我，就伸出雙手。I went to see him. ，Directly I received his letter 我一收到他的信就去看他了。 頁(yè) 5 第 I fell in love with her the moment I saw her. 我對(duì)她一見(jiàn)鐘情。 Our government must take immediate action. 我們的

17、政府必須立即采取行動(dòng)。 翻譯句子 我一看見(jiàn)他就認(rèn)出他正是警方在尋找的那個(gè)人。 【答案】 Instantly/The instant (that)/Immediately/The moment I saw him I knew he was the man the police were looking for. (教材P)A biblical idiom is often an expression that underlines the moral 50 of a story and gives the audience a picture to help them understand t

18、he story better.圣經(jīng)習(xí)語(yǔ)常常是突出故事寓意的固定表達(dá)方式，給聽(tīng)眾或讀者一幅圖像，以幫助他們更好地理解故事。 (1)underline vt.強(qiáng)調(diào)；突出；加下劃線 In his speech he underlined several points. 在他的講話中他強(qiáng)調(diào)了幾點(diǎn)。 Underline the most important sentences. 在最重要的句子下面加上下劃線。 underline the importance of. 強(qiáng)調(diào)的重要性 強(qiáng)調(diào) underline從句 Her question underlined how little she underst

19、ood him. 她的問(wèn)題表明她多么不了解他。 The report underlined the importance of pre-school education. 這份報(bào)告強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)前教育的重要性。 完成句子 閱讀時(shí)請(qǐng)畫(huà)出關(guān)鍵詞。 As you read， the key words. 監(jiān)獄工作人員罷工一事，突出地表明我們的監(jiān)獄制度亟須改革。 Strike by prison officers for reform in our jail. 張老師強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生們不會(huì)歡迎這些變化。 Mr.Zhang the students would not welcome these changes. 【答

20、案】 please underline underline the need 頁(yè) 6 第 underlined that (事件、故事等的)教育意義；寓意；教訓(xùn) (2)moral nThe moral of all this is，look before you leap. 所以這一切的寓意是：三思而后行。 The moral of this story for children is that brothers and sisters should unite. 這篇故事對(duì)兒童的教育意義是兄弟姐妹應(yīng)當(dāng)團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)。 draw a moral from 從中吸取教訓(xùn) 道德；品行；風(fēng)紀(jì) morals

21、 n. 道德的；道義上的 adj. moral We should underline the importance of moral education. 我們應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)道德教育的重要性。 完成句子 我的祖父是一個(gè)很講道德的人。 My grandfather is . 電影的寓意是犯罪是沒(méi)好結(jié)果的。 was crime does not pay. 這是個(gè)禮儀問(wèn)題，而非道德問(wèn)題。 This question is one of . 【答案】 a very moral man The moral of the film manners rather than morals (教材P)After s

22、pending every penny of his money and being reduced to 51 hiring himself out to feed pigs，he realized that he had been a fool and went home. 在花光每一分錢之后，他淪落到為人打工，替別人養(yǎng)豬。他意識(shí)到自己是多么愚蠢，于是回家。 (1)be reduced to sth./doing.使(某人)陷入；淪為 She was reduced to wandering all day long. 她淪落至整日流浪。 Hunger reduced him to ste

23、aling. 饑餓迫使他淪為盜賊。 She was reduced to tears at the sight. 她見(jiàn)到那情景便哭了起來(lái)。 頁(yè) 7 第 減少了reduce sth. by . 減少到；降價(jià)到reduce sth. to. /reduce sb. to tears/silence 使某人啞口無(wú)言把某人弄哭 . 降低；減少；縮小reduction n around 30 percent. The workforce will be reduced by 30%。勞動(dòng)力將縮減大約 the absolute minimum. be reduced toRisks must 必須把危險(xiǎn)降

24、到絕對(duì)最低值。 in the bank rate. reductionThere has been a dramatic 銀行利率已大大降低。 完成句子 他們淪落到沿街乞討。begging in the street. They 這片美麗的森林已被毀，變成了一片荒地。a wasteland. This beautiful forest 壓力使他的神經(jīng)都要崩潰了。a nervous wreck. him Stress had 本月我們的計(jì)算機(jī)將有特價(jià)優(yōu)惠。on computers this month. We are offering special has been reduced to we

25、re reduced to 【答案】 price reduction to reduced； out被雇用；受雇hire(oneself)(2) for the harvest. They hired themselves out 他們受雇去收割莊稼。 to do housework. hired herself outShe 她受雇做家務(wù)。 雇用；聘任 v hire hire out 受雇；接受雇用；出租 a cook. In the meantime he hired out as 在此期間，他受雇為一名廚師。and away，youre neighbours to your outyou

26、 Why dont hire car your while 頁(yè) 8 第 make some money? 你不在家時(shí)為何不把車出租給鄰居賺點(diǎn)錢呢？ hire/hire out/rent/rent out/employ 短期租用，雇用 hire 短期出租，受雇 hire out 長(zhǎng)期租用東西 rent 長(zhǎng)期出租東西 rent out 長(zhǎng)期雇用 employ 完成句子 他以前從事臨時(shí)服務(wù)業(yè)。whoever needed his services. He 該公司出租汽車。. The company 出租車往往是計(jì)時(shí)出租的。by the hour. Taxis hired out cars hired

27、 himself out to 【答案】 are usually hired out his father killed and cooked a calf so ，In honour of his return (教材P)51 以使大家能吃為慶祝他的歸來(lái)，that they could have a feast.他的父親宰牛烹飪， 上一頓豐盛的大餐。，may so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，這時(shí)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用【句式分析】 willcould，mightcan，should，would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 we can hear you. Speak louder so that 說(shuō)大聲一點(diǎn)，以便

28、我們聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)。 we can hear better. Well sit in the front of the hall so that 我們要坐在大廳的前面，以便聽(tīng)得更清楚。 也可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，在引既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句so that(in order that)或mightmaycouldcan導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，有時(shí)也可能用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，極少用， that省去不用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。so that時(shí)，前面的逗號(hào)可用可不用。 so.that.基本句式： 頁(yè) 9 第 that. .)adj.(advsothat. a/an單數(shù)名詞adj.sothat. .)/many/muchnsofew/little(

29、少 such.that.也可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句：that. .)不可數(shù)名詞(adjsuchthat. .)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(adjsuchthat. 名詞單數(shù)adja/an.such 修飾的成分置于句首時(shí)，主句常用倒裝語(yǔ)序。so，such轉(zhuǎn)換成可以語(yǔ)從句是否定形式，that.時(shí)，如結(jié)果狀vsoadj./ad.”結(jié).enough to.”結(jié)構(gòu)；如結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句是肯定形式，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成“too.to. 構(gòu)。 )we caught the first train. thatso(We arrived early in the morning， 我們大清早就到了，所以趕上了第一趟火車。 he could not s

30、peak. thatso excited He was 他興奮地連話都說(shuō)不出來(lái)了。 I couldnt follow him. thatSo fast did the teacher speak 那個(gè)老師說(shuō)得太快，我跟不上。我們決天氣非常好，such a lovely day that we decided to go for a picnic.It was 定去野餐。 】【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：88062028 句型轉(zhuǎn)換I hurried to the station so that I could catch the early train. I could catch the early train.

31、 I hurried to the station He drove so carelessly that he almost lost his life. he almost lost his life. So carelessly did he drive that in order that 【答案】 能力做某事的)(for n能力；資格；勝任(與連用)；competence you can develop a high level of ，)By learning many important idioms(教材P51通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)足夠多的重要習(xí)語(yǔ)，你能將交 in your communic

32、ation petence 頁(yè) 10 第 際技巧提升到較高水平。 There is no doubt of his competence for the task. 他的確有能力做好那項(xiàng)工作。 I doubt his competence to do the work. 我懷疑他是否有能力做那項(xiàng)工作。 competence in (doing)sth. 在(做)方面的能力 有能力的，稱職的competent adj. 能勝任工作的 competent at/in ones work 有能力做某事 be competent to do sth. 有能力地，出色地 . v competently

33、ad his work. Hes very competent in 他非常勝任自己的工作。 完成句子)this task? (能勝任 Are you sure that he )handle the case. 不能做 The court ( ) (在英語(yǔ)方面的能力 He has gain a high level of is not competent to is competent for 【答案】competence in English idioms English a When you have thorough understanding of )( 教材P51 and the

34、and appreciate history better originsand their ，you can understand history carriers ，of cultures English-speaking countriesbecause idioms are of and culture. 你可以更好地理解和欣賞英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的歷史和文透徹了解英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)及其起源， 化，因?yàn)榱?xí)語(yǔ)是歷史和文化的載體。 have an understanding of sth.(1)了解某事the ofunderstanding what an you neighbourhoodknow If you the ，have 假如你熟悉這個(gè)街區(qū)，你就明白這里的孩子是什么樣子的了。children are like. have little/no understanding of sth.不了解對(duì)某事了解得很少 / have some understanding of sth