2021年托福閱讀說(shuō)明文題材詳細(xì)解析實(shí)例分析word版

1、精選word文檔 下載可編輯托福閱讀文章題材眾多，而其中說(shuō)明文是比較高頻的一種文章題材。由于說(shuō)明文大多涉及到一些對(duì)大部分考生來(lái)說(shuō)比較枯燥的內(nèi)容，下面就和大家托福閱讀說(shuō)明文題材詳細(xì)解析實(shí)例分析,希望能夠幫助到大家，來(lái)欣一下吧。托福閱讀說(shuō)明文題材詳細(xì)解析實(shí)例分析 從結(jié)構(gòu)開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)解題思路托福閱讀說(shuō)明文結(jié)構(gòu)講解一般而言，托福閱讀中的說(shuō)明文會(huì)說(shuō)明某個(gè)現(xiàn)象，文章的第一段是介紹背景及引出下文;之后的主體段，結(jié)構(gòu)也很清晰主旨句topic sentence +解釋句explain + 舉例子examples + 總結(jié)句summary。其實(shí)跟我們高考語(yǔ)文有異曲同工之妙。下面來(lái)看實(shí)例解析官方真題official-1

2、9 the roman armys impact on britainin the wake of the roman empires conquest of britain in the first centurya.d., a large number of troops stayed in the new province, and these troops hada considerable impact on britain with their camps, fortifications, andparticipation in the local economy. assessi

3、ng the impact of the army on thecivilian population starts from the realization that the soldiers were alwaysunevenly distributed across the country. areas rapidly incorporated into theempire were not long affected by the military. where the army remainedstationed, its presence was much more influen

4、tial. the imposition of a militarybase involved the requisition of native lands for both the fort and theterritory needed to feed and exercise the soldiers animals. the imposition ofmilitary rule also robbed local leaders of opportunities to participate in localgovernment, so social development was

5、stunted and the seeds of disaffectionsown. this then meant that the military had to remain to suppress rebellion andorganize government.留下 these troops had a considerable impact onbritain;也就是第一句說(shuō)的是羅馬軍隊(duì)對(duì)英國(guó)有影響。這句話相當(dāng)于對(duì)題目的闡述，交代了文章的整個(gè)大背景。之后24句其實(shí)交代前提，開(kāi)始具體的說(shuō)開(kāi)，要估算軍隊(duì)對(duì)平民的影響首先要了解一個(gè)事實(shí)士兵不是平均分布的。那既然不是平均分布，肯定是有多有少

6、的。所以，第三句接著說(shuō)了有些地方士兵少很快融入帝國(guó)的區(qū)域;第四句說(shuō)有些地方士兵多影響大軍隊(duì)駐扎的地方。第57句說(shuō)回重點(diǎn)，也就是what，到底有哪些影響軍營(yíng)先要征地;然后會(huì)搶走當(dāng)?shù)仡I(lǐng)導(dǎo)參與政府的機(jī)會(huì);之后社會(huì)發(fā)展受阻，人民不滿而反抗，最后軍事鎮(zhèn)壓。首段的第一句話，雖然句子很長(zhǎng)，但其實(shí)只需要抓住結(jié)構(gòu)層次進(jìn)行分析就能找到閱讀重點(diǎn)。所以總共7句話的段落，分層三個(gè)層次，主旨句+前提說(shuō)明+重點(diǎn)闡述。事實(shí)上，段落第一句就完成了background+introduction雙重目的英國(guó)被羅馬帝國(guó)征服+士兵的營(yíng)地/防御工事以及參與當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)所造成的影響。economic exchange was clearly

7、very important as the roman army brought withit very substantial spending power. such activities had a major effect on thelocal area, in particular with the construction of infrastructure such as roads,which improved access to remote areas.第二段一開(kāi)始就交代了經(jīng)濟(jì)交換的影響強(qiáng)大的購(gòu)買力，以及幫助修建基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。each soldier received his

8、 pay, but in regions without a developed economythere was initially little on which it could be spent. these settlementsacted like small towns, becoming centers for the artisan and tradingpopulations.第三段還是在講經(jīng)濟(jì)剛來(lái)的時(shí)候士兵有錢沒(méi)地方花;最后軍隊(duì)駐扎地變成了小鎮(zhèn)。the army also provided a mean of personal advancement for auxili

9、arysoldiers recruited from the native peoples, as a man obtained hereditary romancitizenship on retirement after service in an auxiliary regiment. by thelater roman period, frontier garrisons (groups of soldiers) were only rarelytransferred, service in units became effectively hereditary, and forts

10、were nolonger populated or maintained at full strength.第四段開(kāi)始講另一個(gè)重大影響當(dāng)?shù)厝送ㄟ^(guò)當(dāng)兵獲得可繼承的羅馬公民地位。this process of settling in as a community over several generations,combined with local recruitment, presumably accounts for the apparent stabilityof the british northern frontier in the later roman period. it al

11、so explains whysome of the forts continued in occupation long after rome ceased to have anyformal authority in britain, at the beginning of the fifth century a.d. thecircumstances that had allowed natives to become romanized also led theself-sustaining military community of the frontier area to beco

12、me effectivelybritish.第五段，做了個(gè)小總結(jié)，講這種融合過(guò)程及當(dāng)?shù)卣心即龠M(jìn)了北部邊境的穩(wěn)定。通過(guò)上文實(shí)例講解，相信大家對(duì)于托福閱讀說(shuō)明文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和解題思路也有了一定了解。之后大家在通過(guò)一些練習(xí)加深對(duì)說(shuō)明文的認(rèn)識(shí)和解題方法，以后面對(duì)這類高頻閱讀文章類型就能順利解答確保得分了。托福閱讀詞匯題分析整理例題1 passage:“in the animal world the task of moving about is fulfilled in many ways.for some animals locomotion isaccomplished by changes in

13、body shape” the wordlocomotion in the passage is closest in meaning toa.evolutionb.movementc.survivald.escape正確答案是b。例題2 passage:“some poisonous snake bites need to be treated immediately or the victimwill suffer paralysis” in stating that the victim will suffer paralysis theauthor means that the vic

14、tim willa.lose the ability to moveb.become unconsciousc.undergo shockd.feel great pain正確答案是a。托福閱讀易混淆的詞組1) quite 相當(dāng) quiet 安靜地2) affect v 影響, 假裝 effect n 結(jié)果, 影響3) adapt 適應(yīng) adopt 采用 adept 內(nèi)行4) angel 天使 angle 角度5) dairy 牛奶廠 diary 日記6) contend 奮斗, 斗爭(zhēng) content 內(nèi)容, 滿足的 context 上下文 contest 競(jìng)爭(zhēng), 比賽7) principal

15、 校長(zhǎng), 主要的 principle 原則8) implicit 含蓄的 explicit 明白的9) dessert 甜食 desert 沙漠 v 放棄 dissert 寫論文1) pat 輕拍 tap 輕打 slap 掌擊 rap 敲，打11) decent 正經(jīng)的 descent n 向下, 血統(tǒng) descend v 向下12) sweet 甜的 sweat 汗水13) later 后來(lái) latter 后者 latest 最近的 lately adv 最近14) costume 服裝 custom 習(xí)慣15) extensive 廣泛的 intensive 深刻的16) aural 耳的

16、 oral 口頭的17) abroad 國(guó)外 aboard 上(船，飛機(jī))18) altar 祭壇 alter 改變19) assent 同意 ascent 上升 accent 口音2) champion 冠軍 champagne 香檳酒 campaign 戰(zhàn)役21) baron 男爵 barren 不毛之地的 barn 古倉(cāng)22) beam 梁， 光束 bean 豆 been have 過(guò)去式23) precede 領(lǐng)先 proceed 進(jìn)行，繼續(xù)24) pray 祈禱 prey 獵物25) chicken 雞 kitchen 廚房26) monkey 猴子 donkey 驢27) chore 家務(wù)活 chord 和弦 cord 細(xì)繩28) cite 引用 site 場(chǎng)所 sight 視覺(jué)29) clash (金屬)幢擊聲 crash 碰幢，墜落 crush 壓壞3) compliment 贊