2010年職稱英語考試衛(wèi)生類A級真題及答案

1、2010年度全國職稱英語等級考試衛(wèi)生類（A級）試題第1部分：詞匯選項（第1-15題，每題1分，共15分） 下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。 1. I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues. A. boring B. long C. humorous D. original 2. I want to provide my boys with a decent education. Aspecial Bgood Cprivate Dgeneral 3. Pa

2、tricia stared at the other girls with resentment. A. doubt B. love C. surprise D. anger 4. The two banks have announced plans to merge next year. A. combine B. close C. break D. sell 5. Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners. Asimilar Busual Cbad Dpolite 6. I cant put up with my neighbors

3、noise any longer, which is driving me mad. A. measure B. generate C. tolerate D. reduce 7. Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone. A. great B. equal C. moderate D. immediate 8. He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school. A. bad

4、B. unclear C. bright D. general 9. Steep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people. Acase Bpicture Cdanger Devidence 10. He demolished my argument in minutes. A. accepted B. disproved C. supported D. disputed 11. Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day. A. ener

5、getic B. regular C. free D. physical 12. Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth. Arequire Battract Cencourage Dspend 13. He was kept in appalling conditions in prison. A. necessary B. critical C. normal D. terrible 14. The project required ten years of diligent research. Abasic B

6、scientific C. hardworking D. social 15. Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil. A. doubt B. confusion C. relief D. failure 第2部分：閱讀判斷（第1622題，第題1分，共7分） 下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。 Retirement Brings Most a Big Health BoostThe self-

7、reported health of the newly retired improves so much that most feel eight years younger, a new European study suggests. This happy news was true of almost everyone except a small minority-only 2 percent-who had experienced ideal conditions in their working life, anyway. The results really say three

8、 things: that work puts an extra burden on the health of older workers, that the effects of this extra burden are largely relieved by retirement and, finally, that both the extra burden and the relief are larger when working conditions are poor, said Hugo Westerlund, lead author of a study published

9、 online Nov. 9 in The Lancet. This indicates that there is a need to provide opportunities for older workers to decrease the demands in their work out of concern of their health and well-being. But of course, added Westerlund, who is head of epidemiology at the Stress Research Institute at Stockholm

10、 University in Sweden, not all older workers suffer from poor perceived health. Many are indeed remarkably healthy and fit for work. But sooner or later, everyone has to slow down because of old age catching up. Last week, the same group of researchers reported that workers slept better after retire

11、ment than before. Sleep improves at retirement, which suggests that sleeping could be a mediator between work and perception of poor health, Westerlund said. This study looked at what the same 15,000 French workers, most of them men, had to say about their own health up to seven years pre-retirement

12、 and up to seven years post-retirement. As participants got closer to retirement age, their perception of their own health declined, but went up again during the first year of retirement. Those who reported being in poorer health declined from 19. 2 percent in the year prior to retirement to 14.3 pe

13、rcent by the end of the first year after retiring. According to the researchers, that means post-retirement levels of poor health fell to levels last seen eight years previously. The changes were seen in both men and women, across different occupations, and lasted through the first seven years of no

14、t punching the clock. Workers who felt worse before retirement and had lower working conditions reported greater improvements as soon as they retired, the team found. 16. Most of the newly retired feel younger and healthier than before. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 17. Older workers are genera

15、lly as fit for work as younger workers. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 18. Older workers usually get on very well with younger workers. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 19. Europe is aging faster than most other parts of the globe. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 20. The study analyzed the

16、participants perception of their own health in a certain period. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 21. The participants came from various countries in Europe. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 22. The findings of the study apply to conditions all over the world. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

17、第3部分：概括大意與完成句子（第2330題，每題1分，共8分） 下面的短文后有2項測試任務：(1)第2326題要求從所給的6個選項中為第14段每段選擇1個最佳標題；(2)第2730題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選項。 Parkinsons DiseaseI Parkinsons disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an importan

18、t chemical called dopamine (多巴胺). Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movements. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinsons, these nerve cells break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving

19、 the way you want to. 2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes, including aging and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinsons disease in some

20、people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited. 3 Tremor (顫抖) may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body. It may be

21、 worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or you are asleep. In time, Parkinsons affects muscles all through your body, so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation (便秘). In the later stages of the disease, a pers

22、on with Parkinsons may have a fixed or lank expression, trouble speaking, and other problems. Some people have a decrease in mental skills. 4 At this time, there is no cure for Parkinsons disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to l

23、ive with. You may need to take several medicines to get the best results. 23. Paragraph 1 _. 24. Paragraph 2 _. 25. Paragraph 3 _. 26. Paragraph 4 _. A. Means of Diagnosis of the Disease B. Tips for Patients with the Disease C. Common Treatment for the Disease D. Definition of Parkinsons Disease E.

24、Possible causes of the Disease F. Typical Symptoms of the Disease 27. Youll find it hard to move the way you want to _. 28. A lot of research is being done to find out _. 29. One of the most common signs of Parkinsons is tremor_. 30. A person with Parkinsons has to learn to live with the disease_. A

25、. what affects muscles all through your body B. if there isnt enough dopamine in your body C. which cannot be cured yet D. which may be the first symptom you notice E. if you have a fixed or blank expression F. what causes Parkinsons disease 第4部分:閱讀理解(第3145題，每題3分,共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確

26、定1個最佳選項。 第一篇 Do Patients Trust Doctors Too MuchEarlier this year, the American College of Surgeons, the national scientific and educational organization of surgeons conducted a nationwide survey that found that the average patient devotes an hour or less to researching his or her surgery or surgeon.

27、 While prospective patients worry about the costs or complications of an operation, they dont necessarily look for information that would address their concerns. In fact, more than a third of patients who had an operation in the last five years never reviewed the credentials of the surgeon who opera

28、ted. Patients are more likely to spend time researching a job change (on average, about 10 hours) or a new car (8 hours) than the operation they are about to submit to or the surgeon who wields (支配) the knife. And many patients are satisfied with the answers they receive from their surgeons or prima

29、ry care doctors, whoever those individuals happen to be. I felt curious about the survey, so I called Dr. Thomas Russell, executive director of the American College of Surgeons. There is a tendency for patients not to get particularly involved and not to feel compelled to look into their surgery or

30、surgeons.He told me. There are consequences to that kind of blind trust. Today, medicine and surgery are really team sports. Dr. Russell continued, and the patient, as the ultimate decision maker , is the most important member of the team. Mistakes can happen, and patients have to be educated and mu

31、st understand what is going on. In other words, a healthy doctor-patient relationship does not simply entail good bedside manners and responsible office management on the part of the doctor. It also requires that patients come to the relationship educated about their doctors, their illnesses and the

32、ir treatment. If we are truly going to reform the health care system in the US, Dr. Russell said, everybody has to participate actively and must educate themselves. That means doctors, nurses, other health care professionals, lawyers pharmaceutical (制藥的) companies, and insurance companies. But most

33、of all, it means the patient. Trust is important. But as Sir Francis Bacon, who was among the first to understand the importance of gathering data in science, once observed , knowledge is power. 31. According to the author, patients should spend more time _. A. researching the American College of Su

34、rgeons B. researching their surgery or surgeons C. researching new cars D. researching job changes 32. Nowadays patients seem to have _. A. too much trust in their doctors B. too much information about their doctors C. too little faith in their doctors D. a healthy relationship with their doctors 33

35、. Medicine and surgery are now really team sports in which _. A. patients and doctors play equally important roles B. the patient does not have an active role to play C. doctors have the final say in almost everything D. the patient has the most important role to play 34. It is wrong to think that a

36、 healthy doctor-patient relationship _. A. is dependent just on the doctor B. is a goal that can be achieved C. entails any effort on the part of the patient D. is what the patient truly desires 35. The author does NOT believe in_. A. lots of scientific data B. Francis Bacon C. blind trust D. too mu

37、ch knowledge 第二篇 CT Scans and Lung CancerSmall or slow-growing nodules (小結節(jié)) discovered on a lung scan are unlikely to develop into tumors over the next two years, researchers reported on Wednesday. The findings reported in the New England Journal of Medicine, could help doctors decide when to do mo

38、re aggressive testing for lung cancer. They could also help patients avoid unnecessarily aggressive and potentially harmful testing when lesions (損傷) found. Lung cancer, the biggest cancer killer in the United States and globally, is often not diagnosed until it has spread. It kills 159,000 people a

39、 year in the United States alone. The work is part of a larger effort to develop guidelines to help doctors decide what to do when such growths, often discovered by accident, appear in a scan. High-tech (高技術的) X-rays called CT scans can detect tumors-but they see all sorts of other blobs (模糊的一團 ) th

40、at are not tumors, and often the only way to tell the difference is to take a biopsy (活檢), a dangerous procedure. At the moment, routine lung cancer screening is considered impractical because of its high cost and because too many healthy people are called back for further testing. Good guideline co

41、uld help make lung cancer screening practical, Dr. Rob van Klaveren of the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, who led the new study, said in a telephone interview. The team looked at 7,557 people at high risk for lung cancer because they were current and former smokers. All receiv

42、ed multidetector (多層螺旋) CT scans that measured the size of any suspicious-looking modules. Volunteers who had nodules over 9.7 mm in width, or had growth of 4.6 mm that grew fast enough to more than double in volume every 400 days, were sent for further testing. Of the 196 people who fell into that

43、category, 70 were found to have lung cancer，10 additional cases were found years later. But of the 7, 361 who tested negative during screening only 20 lung cancer cases later developed. In a second round of screening done one year after the first, 1.8 percent were sent to the doctor because they had

44、 a nodule that was large or fast-growing. More than half turned out to have lung cancer. The result means that if the screening test says you dont have lung cancer, you probably dont, the researcher said. The chances of finding lung cancer one and two years after a negative first-round test were l i

45、n l,000 and 3 in l,000 respectively, they concluded. 36. The new study indicates that in case of small or slow-growing lung nodules_. A. you cannot be too careful B. cancer is just matter of time C. a biopsy is unnecessary D. more aggressive testing is a must 37. Which is probably NOT true of lung c

46、ancer? A. Smokers are usually considered to be at high risk for it. B. It is the leading cause of cancer deaths around the world. C. 159,000 new cases of it are diagnosed in the US each year. D. It often goes unnoticed until it has spread. 38. According to the passage, good guidelines for lung cance

47、r screening _. A. are a little bit too costly B. do not exist yet C. are being implemented D. have been developed 39. All the following statements are true EXCEPT_. A. a relatively small number of the volunteers had large or fast-growing nodules B. almost all those with large or fast-growing nodules

48、 were found to have lung cancer C. all the volunteers were at high risk for lung cancer D. most of the volunteers tested negative during screening 40. In the eyes of the researchers the percentages given in the last paragraph _. A. are somewhat inaccurate B. are pretty small C. are rather high D. ar

49、e quite unbelievable 第三篇 The IcemanOn a September day in 1991, two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy, high up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height (10,499 feet, or 3,200 meters), the ice is usually permanent, but 1991 had been

50、an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface. It was lying face downward. The skeleton(骨架) was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head. There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes. The hands were still

51、 holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots. Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark (樹皮) and a holder for arrows. Who was this man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions. Some people thought that it

52、 was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I, since several soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found. The scientists who rushed

53、to look at the body thought it was probably much older, maybe even a thousand years old. With modern dating techniques, the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 BC, he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe. At first scientists thought he was probably

54、a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence, however, tells a different story. A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from th

55、is wound, and not from the wound on the back of his head. This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle. It may have been part of a larger war, or he may have been fighting bandits. He may even have been a bandit himself. By studying his clothes and tools, scientists have already learned

56、a great deal from the iceman about the times he lived in. We may never know the full story of how he died, but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times. 41. The body of the iceman was found in the mountains mainly because _. A. the melted ice made him visible B. he was just on a mountain pass