跨文化交際課件第二章文化與跨文化交際（經(jīng)典實用）

1、跨文化交際課件第二章文化與跨文 化交際 Chapter Two Human beings draw close to one another by their common nature, but habits and customs keep them apart. Confucius 跨文化交際課件第二章文化與跨文 化交際 Warm-up Case vFish Is Fish 跨文化交際課件第二章文化與跨文 化交際 Learning Objectives vDefine the term of culture vDescribe the characteristics of culture

2、 vUnderstand the nature of culture vBe aware of cultural differences 跨文化交際課件第二章文化與跨文 化交際 Culture vSome people in many parts of the world put dogs in their ovens, but people in the United States put them on their couches and beds. Why? vSome people in Iran pray five times each day while sitting on th

3、e floor, but some people in Las Vegas sit up all night in front of video poker machines. Why? vSome people paint and decorate their entire bodies, but others spend hundreds of dollars painting and decorating only their faces. Why? vSome people talk to God, but others have God talk to them, and still

4、 others say there is no God. Why? vSome people shake hands when introduced to a stranger, but other people bow at such an encounter. Why? 跨文化交際課件第二章文化與跨文 化交際 Culture vDefinitions of culture are numerous. vWe define culture as the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings

5、, social hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relationships, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving. 跨文化交際課件第二章文化與跨文 化交際 The Basic Function of Culture vAt the co

6、re of culture is the idea that it is intended to make life easier for people by “teaching” them how to adapt to their surroundings. vAs the English writer Thomas Fuller wrote 200 years ago, Culture makes all things easy. 跨文化交際課件第二章文化與跨文 化交際 Elements of Culture vHistory vReligion vValues vSocial orga

7、nizations vLanguage 跨文化交際課件第二章文化與跨文 化交際 Characteristics of Culture vCulture Is Not Innate; It Is Learned. vCulture Is Transmitted from Generation to Generation. vCulture Is Based on Symbols. vCulture Is Subject to Change. vCulture Is an Integrated System. vCulture Is Ethnocentric. 跨文化交際課件第二章文化與跨文 化交

8、際 Culture Is Not Innate; It Is Learned. vCulture is learned in a variety of ways and from a host of different sources. Informal learning, which is often very subtle, normally takes place through interaction, observation and imitation. The formal teaching of a culture is far more structured and is of

9、ten left to the various institutions of the culture, such as schools and churches. 跨文化交際課件第二章文化與跨文 化交際 跨文化交際課件第二章文化與跨文 化交際 Learning Culture through Proverbs 跨文化交際課件第二章文化與跨文 化交際 Learning Culture through Proverbs 跨文化交際課件第二章文化與跨文 化交際 Learning Culture through Proverbs. vStrike while the iron is hot and

10、He who hesitates is lost. vActions speak louder than words and Nothing ventured, nothing gained. vMan does not live by bread alone and Make hay while the sun shines. vGod helps those who help themselves, Pull yourself up by your bootstraps, and No pain, no gain. vA mans home is his castle. vThe sque

11、aky wheel gets the grease. vVariety is the spice of life, Lightning never strikes twice in the same place, and There is more than one way to skin a cat. 跨文化交際課件第二章文化與跨文 化交際 How would someone from a culture other than the United States interpret the following sentences? vThere is just too much red ta

12、pe involved in applying for a fellowship. vPassing the history examination was a piece of cake. vTry not to deal with him; hes a cutthroat. vThe deadline has passed; I think I have missed the boat. vThe only way she could do it was to go cold turkey. 跨文化交際課件第二章文化與跨文 化交際 Learning Culture through Folk

13、tales, Legends, and Myths vAmericans revere the tough, independent, fast-shooting cowboy of the Old West. vThe English admire good manners, courtly behavior, and dignity, as is reflected in the “Canterbury Tales”. vThe Japanese learn about the importance of duty, obligation, and loyalty from “The Ta

14、le of the Forty-Seven Ronin”. vThe Chinese teach the folly of impatience by telling the tale of a farmer who did not like the slow growth of his plants so he tugged on them an inch each day until he managed to uproot them. 跨文化交際課件第二章文化與跨文 化交際 Learning Culture through Art vIn Asian cultures, most art

15、 depicts objects, animals, and landscapes rather than focusing on people. vAmerican and European art, however, often emphasizes people. Whether in portraits of a single person or pictures of an entire family, people are the focus. 跨文化交際課件第二章文化與跨文 化交際 Learning Culture through Mass Media vIn the Unite

16、d States, films, video games, and television glorify violence. The language we use in sports mirrors and sanctions violence. Watching a sporting event on television, youll hear statements like “he has that killer instinct,” “he is a headhunter,” “its war on that court,” “they are out for blood,” and

17、 “they are playing smash-mouth defense.” 跨文化交際課件第二章文化與跨文 化交際 Characteristics of Culture vCulture Is Not Innate; It Is Learned. vCulture Is Transmitted from Generation to Generation. vCulture Is Based on Symbols. vCulture Is Subject to Change. vCulture Is an Integrated System. vCulture Is Ethnocentri

18、c. 跨文化交際課件第二章文化與跨文 化交際 Culture Is Transmitted from Generation to Generation vIf a culture is to endure, it must make certain that its crucial messages and elements are not only shared, but are passed on to future generations. In this way, the past becomes the present and helps prepare for the future

19、. 跨文化交際課件第二章文化與跨文 化交際 Characteristics of Culture vCulture Is Not Innate; It Is Learned. vCulture Is Transmitted from Generation to Generation. vCulture Is Based on Symbols. vCulture Is Subject to Change. vCulture Is an Integrated System. vCulture Is Ethnocentric. 跨文化交際課件第二章文化與跨文 化交際 Culture Is Based

20、 on Symbols vThe mind, books, pictures, films, religious writings, videos, computer accessories, and the like enable a culture to preserve what it deems to be important and worthy of transmission. vThe most important symbolic aspect of culture is language. 跨文化交際課件第二章文化與跨文 化交際 Characteristics of Cult

21、ure vCulture Is Not Innate; It Is Learned. vCulture Is Transmitted from Generation to Generation. vCulture Is Based on Symbols. vCulture Is Subject to Change. vCulture Is an Integrated System. vCulture Is Ethnocentric. 跨文化交際課件第二章文化與跨文 化交際 Culture Is Subject to Change vCultures are highly adaptive. v

22、Although many aspects of culture are subject to change, the deep structure of a culture resists major alterations. 跨文化交際課件第二章文化與跨文 化交際 Characteristics of Culture vCulture Is Not Innate; It Is Learned. vCulture Is Transmitted from Generation to Generation. vCulture Is Based on Symbols. vCulture Is Su

23、bject to Change. vCulture Is an Integrated System. vCulture Is Ethnocentric. 跨文化交際課件第二章文化與跨文 化交際 Culture Is an Integrated System vThe civil rights movement in the United States, which began in the 1960s has brought about changes in housing patterns, discrimination practices, educational opportunitie

24、s, the legal system, career opportunities, and even communication. This one aspect of culture has altered American attitudes, values, and behaviors. 跨文化交際課件第二章文化與跨文 化交際 Characteristics of Culture vCulture Is Not Innate; It Is Learned. vCulture Is Transmitted from Generation to Generation. vCulture Is Based on Symbols. vCulture Is Subject to Change. vCulture Is an Integrated System. vCulture Is Ethnocentric. 跨文化交際課件第二章文化與跨文 化交際 Culture Is Ethnocentric vSumner defined ethnocentrism as the technical name for the view of things in which ones own group is the