[專業(yè)英語考試復(fù)習(xí)資料]專業(yè)八級(jí)分類模擬138

1、專業(yè)英語考試復(fù)習(xí)資料專業(yè)八級(jí)分類模擬138專業(yè)英語考試復(fù)習(xí)資料專業(yè)八級(jí)分類模擬138專業(yè)八級(jí)分類模擬138LANGUAGE USAGEPassage 1A major aspect of many firms marketing strategies over thepast decade have been the development of new products. 1Consumer-product companies are launching nearly 30,000 newproducts each year, according to the research firm M

2、arketingIntelligence Service (compared with only 2,689 in 1980). Themarket has become saturated new brands, which often lack any 2significant advantages that can be used as the base of an 3advertising campaign. Moreover, companies increasingly depend 4on sales promotion to encourage consumers to try

3、 these brands. Marketers are relying less on samples, coupons, rebates, 5 premiums, and other innovatively promotional tools to achieve 6trial usage of their new brands and encourage repeat purchase.Promotions are also important in getting retailers to allocate someof their precious shelf space by n

4、ew brands. The competition for 7shelf space for new products in stores is enormous. Supermarketscarry an average of 30,000 products (compared with 13,067 in1982). Retailers favor of new brands with strong sales promotion 8support will bring in more customers and boost their sales and 9profits. Many

5、retailers require special discounts or allowancesfrom manufacturers just to handle a new product. These slottingfees or allowances, which are discussed later in the chapter, canmake it expensive for a manufacture to introduce a new product. 101.答案:havehas解析 語法錯(cuò)誤。此處考查的是名詞的主謂一致。主語是A major aspect,謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)

6、該用單數(shù)。此處容易把have的主語誤當(dāng)成strategies, a aspect of+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，所以此處要改為has。2.答案:saturatedwith解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。此處考查的是動(dòng)詞搭配辨析。be saturated with意思為“充斥著”，此句話的意思是“市場中已經(jīng)充滿了各類新品牌，而這些新產(chǎn)品又缺乏能作為其廣告營銷基礎(chǔ)的顯著性優(yōu)勢(shì)?！彼源颂帒?yīng)該改為with。3.答案:basebasis解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。此處考查的是近義詞的辨析。base作名詞，意思為“基地，基礎(chǔ)”，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，base on是固定搭配，意思為“根據(jù)”，basis作名詞，意思

7、為“基礎(chǔ)”，固定搭配為on the basis of，意思為“基于”。兩者都可以表示“基礎(chǔ)”但有細(xì)微差別，base表示實(shí)體可見的基地或基礎(chǔ)；而basis表示抽象不可見的基礎(chǔ)或基本準(zhǔn)則。此處指的是“廣告營銷的基礎(chǔ)”，所以應(yīng)該用basis。4.答案:MoreoverThus/Therefore解析 語篇錯(cuò)誤。上文描述了近幾十年的市場狀況，市場上的新產(chǎn)品缺乏個(gè)體優(yōu)勢(shì)，不能通過廣告營銷手法在市場上推廣。所以，營銷商只能求助其他的方式進(jìn)行新產(chǎn)品推介。下文提到了營銷商用促銷手段來鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)者嘗試其新產(chǎn)品，與上文形成的是因果關(guān)系，不是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，所以要改為Thus或Therefore。5.答案:lessmore

8、解析 語篇錯(cuò)誤。上文提到公司逐漸依靠促銷手段來鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)者嘗試新產(chǎn)品，而此句提到的樣品、優(yōu)惠券、折扣等都屬于促銷手段，所以，應(yīng)該把less改為more，理解為“營銷商更多地依賴各種促銷手段來鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)者使用新產(chǎn)品并重復(fù)購買”。6.答案:innovativelyinnovative解析 語法錯(cuò)誤。innovative是形容詞，意為“創(chuàng)新的”，innovatively是其副詞形式。此處innovatively并不是用來修飾形容詞promotional，而是和promotional并列使用，用來修飾后面的名詞tools，意思是：創(chuàng)新的、促銷的手段，所以要改為其形容詞形式。此句話的意思是“營銷商更多地依賴

9、樣品、贈(zèng)券、折扣、贈(zèng)品以及其他各種創(chuàng)新的促銷手段來贏得更多消費(fèi)者對(duì)其新產(chǎn)品的試用，并鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)者重復(fù)購買其產(chǎn)品?！?.答案:byto解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。allocate常與to搭配，表示“分配給”，此處意為“把珍貴的貨架空間分給新品牌”。8.答案:ofof解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。favor可以作名詞，也可以作動(dòng)詞，作名詞時(shí)的搭配是in favor of，作動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以直接接賓語。此處的favor是動(dòng)詞，后面可以直接接new brands作賓語，表示“喜愛，喜歡”，所以將of刪掉。9.答案:willthat/which解析 語法錯(cuò)誤。will bring in. boost their sales

10、 and profits是定語從句修飾先行詞promotion support, 很明顯，定語從句缺一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞，而且此關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語，不能省略，又因先行詞指事物，故不能用指代人的who，所以改為that或which。10.答案:manufacturemanufacturer解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。manufacturer為名詞，意思為“生產(chǎn)商，制造商”，manufacture作名詞時(shí)，意為“大量制造，制造業(yè)”。這里應(yīng)該指的是“制造商”，此句的意思是“這些進(jìn)場費(fèi)或折扣(會(huì)在下一章討論)對(duì)于要介紹一種新產(chǎn)品的制造商來說，代價(jià)是昂貴的?！彼砸臑閙anufacturer。Passage 2At

11、the turn of the 20th century, Dutch physician ChristiaanEijkman showed that disease can be caused not only bymicroorganisms but by a dietary efficiency of certain substances 1now called vitamins. In 1909 German bacteriologist Paul Ehrlichintroduced the worlds first bactericide, a chemical designed t

12、o killspecific kinds of bacteria with killing the patients cells as well. 2Following the discovery of penicillin in 1928 by Britishbacteriologist Sir Alexander Fleming, antibiotics joined medicineschemical armory, making the fight against bacterial infectionalmost a routine matter. Antibiotics canno

13、t act as viruses, but 3vaccines have been used to greatly effect to prevent some of the 4deadliest viral diseases. Smallpox, once a worldwide killer, wascompletely eradicated by the late 1970s, and in the United States a 5number of polio cases dropped from 38,000 in the 1950s to lessthan 10 a year b

14、y the 21st century. By the middle of the 20th century scientists believed they were well on the way to treating, preventing, or eradicating manyof the most deadly infectious diseases that plagued humankind for 6centuries. And by the 1980s the medical communitys confidence 7in its ability to control

15、the infectious diseases had been shaken by 8the emergency of new types of disease-causing microorganisms. 9New cases of tuberculosis developed, caused by bacteria strainsthat were resistant to antibiotics. New, deadly infections on which 10there was no known cure also appeared, including the viruses

16、 thatcause hemorrhagic fever and the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV), the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.1.答案:efficiencydeficiency解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。efficiency意思為“效能”，deficiency意思為“不足，缺乏”。本句的意思是“在20世紀(jì)初，荷蘭醫(yī)生Eijkman表示不僅微生物可以導(dǎo)致疾病，缺乏某種飲食物質(zhì)我們現(xiàn)在稱之為維他命，也能導(dǎo)致疾病?！备鶕?jù)語義，此處的含義應(yīng)該為“缺乏”，所以改為deficiency。2.答案:with

17、without解析 語篇錯(cuò)誤。該段落主要描述了20世紀(jì)醫(yī)藥學(xué)的發(fā)展，屬于積極的含義。所以要顯示出世界上第一個(gè)殺菌劑的優(yōu)勢(shì)，則應(yīng)該表明這是一種能殺死某些特殊細(xì)菌而又“不殺死”病人細(xì)胞的化學(xué)藥品。若為with，則無法體現(xiàn)其先進(jìn)性，故將with改為without。3.答案:asagainst解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。act as意為“充任某角色；擔(dān)任某工作”。上一句提到“抗生素加入化學(xué)藥物的行列，抗擊細(xì)菌感染”，故此處antibiotics當(dāng)然不是“充當(dāng)”病毒，而應(yīng)表示“對(duì)抗，抗擊”的意思，改為against合適。4.答案:greatlygreat解析 語法錯(cuò)誤。to great effect是固定搭配，意思

18、為“有很大影響，起很大作用”。這里要注意的是，be used to do sth. 后面所接的動(dòng)詞并不是effect, 而是prevent。effect雖然也具備動(dòng)詞詞性，但此處是作名詞，和to great構(gòu)成搭配。本句的意思是“抗生素不能對(duì)抗病毒，但是疫苗的使用在很大程度上能阻止一些極其致命的病毒性疾病?！?.答案:athe解析 語法錯(cuò)誤。a number of意思為“許多”，大量”，the number of意思為“的數(shù)量”。此處說的應(yīng)該是小兒麻痹癥數(shù)量的減少，患者人數(shù)從20世紀(jì)50年代的3.8萬人降到21世紀(jì)的一年不到10人。因此，將不定冠詞a改為定冠詞the。6.答案:plaguedh

19、ad解析 語法錯(cuò)誤。該句的謂語動(dòng)詞是believed，屬于過去時(shí)，that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，修飾其先行詞infectious diseases，意思為“已經(jīng)感染人類幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的傳染性疾病”，此動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作believed之前，所以要將時(shí)態(tài)改為過去完成時(shí)。7.答案:AndBut解析 語篇錯(cuò)誤。本文第一段討論了20世紀(jì)醫(yī)藥學(xué)的發(fā)展，第二段開始提到科學(xué)家們相信自己在疾病研制方面的發(fā)展，而下文緊接著提到醫(yī)學(xué)界的信心受到動(dòng)搖，并且列舉了幾種尚無法攻克的新型疾病，可以推斷出此處應(yīng)該表轉(zhuǎn)折，所以將And改為But，表示轉(zhuǎn)折含義。8.答案:thethe解析 語法錯(cuò)誤。此處考查的是冠詞的用法。the是定冠

20、詞，表示特指，而此處表示“傳染性疾病”，并沒有特指哪種或哪幾種傳染性疾病，且diseases是復(fù)數(shù)，前面也不能用表示單數(shù)的不定冠詞an，所以此處要將the刪掉。9.答案:emergencyemergence解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。此處考查的是形近詞的比較。emergency的意思為“緊急事件，突發(fā)事件”，emergence的意思為“出現(xiàn)”。根據(jù)語義，這里指“新型的、能導(dǎo)致疾病的微生物的出現(xiàn)”，所以要改為emergence。10.答案:onfor解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。cure for disease/infection為固定搭配，意思為“疾病/傳染病的治療方法”，for是介詞提前，和which共同引導(dǎo)定語從句

21、，修飾先行詞infections，所以要將on改為for。Passage 3Probably for as long as there have been sales forces,managers have sought ways to determine whether they areeffective or not. In the past, salespeople were estimated on the 1basis of their sales-that is, did they reach their sales quotas? With 2the role of the s

22、ales force changed from being purely concernedwith selling to becoming more involved in marketing and took 3more responsible for maintaining customer relationships, managersrecognized the need for expanding evaluative criteria beyond justthe achievement of sales goals. The evaluation criteria of tod

23、ay arevast different from those in the past. Sure, sales are still important, 4but now other measures are gaining in importance as well. One of the more often discussed measures is ROI (return on investment). More and more top executives are asking their salesmanagers for accountant-as in Are we get

24、ting the returns we 5seek from the sales force? The idea is that by measuring theimpact of programs designing to aid the selling process as well as 6measuring sales closures, the marketing team can be moreeffective and efficient. Fortunately, it isnt always that easy. In a 7survey conducted in 2002

25、of companies with a marketing budgetof $1 million or more, 56 percent indicated they had no system formeasuring the ROI on their marketing investments. As noted byDavid Reibstein of the University of Pennsylvanias WhartonSchool of Business, In marketing, benefits as advertising impact 8arent easily

26、put into dollar returns. It takes a leap faith to come 9with a number. Marketers know that it is often difficult toseparate advertising, promotions, and other communications efforts in 10the selling effort.1.答案:estimatedevaluated解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。estimated意思為“估計(jì)”，evaluated意思為“評(píng)估，評(píng)價(jià)”。此處對(duì)一個(gè)營銷人員的銷售狀況應(yīng)該是進(jìn)行“評(píng)估”，而不

27、是“估計(jì)”，因此要改為evaluated。商務(wù)英語中，對(duì)員工工作的績效評(píng)估或評(píng)價(jià)通常用evaluate或其名詞形式evaluation，例如performance evaluation。2.答案:WithAs解析 語法錯(cuò)誤。with是介詞，后通常接名詞、代詞或獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，此處后面為完整的句子，故應(yīng)改為連詞，根據(jù)上下文語境，改為跟with一樣有“伴隨”意義的連詞as。此句的意思為“隨著營銷人員的角色改變，由原來單純的銷售轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦嗌婕笆袌鰻I銷和維持顧客關(guān)系，經(jīng)理們意識(shí)到他們必須擴(kuò)大對(duì)營銷人員的評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而不能僅僅只是看完成的銷售任務(wù)?！?.答案:tooktook解析 語法錯(cuò)誤。responsi

28、ble為形容詞，該詞的搭配應(yīng)該是be/become responsible for, take需和responsibility of搭配，故此處應(yīng)將took刪掉。此句中的become involved in和become responsible for為并列結(jié)構(gòu)，后者為避免重復(fù)，省去了become。4.答案:vastvastly解析 語法錯(cuò)誤。vastly是副詞，修飾后面的形容詞different，表示程度，意為“很，非?！?。5.答案:accountantaccountability解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。accountant意思為“會(huì)計(jì)”，放在此處，明顯不合語意。account ability意思為

29、“責(zé)任，義務(wù)”。根據(jù)上下文的意思，此處意指“責(zé)任”，全句的意思為：越來越多的高級(jí)執(zhí)行官向銷售經(jīng)理問責(zé)：是否我們從銷售人員那得到了所尋求的回報(bào)?”所以，此處改為accountability。6.答案:designingdesigned解析 語法錯(cuò)誤。design的邏輯主語是program，兩者構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，此處design應(yīng)該用過去分詞形式表被動(dòng)，意為“這些項(xiàng)目被設(shè)計(jì)用來幫助營銷過程和測量營銷結(jié)束。”7.答案:FortunatelyUnfortunately解析 語篇錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)上下文，上文提到“這樣的項(xiàng)目被設(shè)計(jì)出來，并通過對(duì)其影響的衡量，能使我們的營銷隊(duì)伍更加高效”，而下文提到“這樣做并不容易”

30、，上下文之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，根據(jù)所給詞匯，要使用其反義，所以改為Unfortunately。8.答案:aslike解析 語法錯(cuò)誤。like作介詞，表示“例如”，as作介詞則無此意。此句的意思為“在市場中，例如像廣告影響這樣的利潤，不太容易以金錢的形式作為經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)?！?.答案:faithof解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。a leap of faith意為“飛躍的信心”。此句的意思為：當(dāng)然，某些利潤，例如廣告效應(yīng)等也不能簡單地轉(zhuǎn)化為美元這樣的經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)，想要獲得一筆巨大的收益需要在信心上來個(gè)飛躍。10.答案:infrom解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。separate from是固定搭配，意思為“分離，分開”。此句的意思為“市場專家

31、們也清楚，要把廣告、促銷和其他溝通交流方式與銷售努力分開是很困難的。”Passage 4Besides concerns about how ads affect individuals, criticshave raised ethical issues about how advertising affects society.For example, J. K. Galbraith argued that advertising creates thedesires that the production of consumer goods then satisfy. Others 1a

32、ccuse advertising for creating a materialistic society full of 2people think that happiness lies in owning things and who are 3obsessed with buying consumer goods. These critics think we arecreating a society in which private goods are plentiful and in 4which public goods, which are seldom advertise

33、d, are ignored-asociety rich in private cars but whose highways and streets aredisintegrating. Ads drive selfish consumption on the expense of 5friendship, community, art, and truth. Furthermore, advertisingallows the system to buy off political unsatisfied people with 6promises and consumer goods,

34、leading to political apathy and theundermining of democracy. However, there are many who thinkthese sorts of criticisms exaggerate the impact of ads on society. Major social changes are caused by advertising; ads follow 7 social trends, and they dont create them. This debate centers on twoperhaps re

35、solvable issues. First, there is the empirical question of 8how much impact advertising has on society; this is difficult toanswer because the effect of ads. cannot be separated from othersocial forces, and because it is hard to determine whether adscause or follow social trends. Second, there is th

36、e ethical question ofwhether the purported effects, such as materialism, are morallyobjective. Perhaps it is more helpful to look at specific issues 9rather than the social impact of advertising in the general. 101.答案:satisfysatisfies解析 語法錯(cuò)誤。此處that the production.then satisfy是定語從句，修飾名詞desires，表示“消費(fèi)品生產(chǎn)能滿足的需求”。為保持時(shí)態(tài)一致，satisfy需向前面的動(dòng)詞creates看齊，且此處從句的主語是單數(shù)意義的詞，所以應(yīng)該用第三人稱單數(shù)satisfies。2.答案:forof解析 詞匯錯(cuò)誤。此處考查的是accuse的動(dòng)詞搭配。accuse.of是固定搭配，意思為