GRE閱讀學(xué)術(shù)類(lèi)文章特點(diǎn)分析和應(yīng)對(duì)技巧講解

1、gre閱讀學(xué)術(shù)類(lèi)文章特點(diǎn)分析和應(yīng)對(duì)技巧講解 gre閱讀學(xué)術(shù)類(lèi)*特點(diǎn)分析和應(yīng)對(duì)技巧講解，我們一起來(lái)看看吧，下面就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。gre閱讀學(xué)術(shù)類(lèi)*特點(diǎn)分析和應(yīng)對(duì)技巧講解gre閱讀學(xué)術(shù)*應(yīng)對(duì)心得：了解*措辭風(fēng)格對(duì)于gre閱讀考試來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)術(shù)化就是最大的綱，也是它迥異于托福雅思的綱，我曾在另文中指出，雅思托福的命題目的是生活化，而對(duì)于gre來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)術(shù)化代表著措辭的規(guī)范和溫和。對(duì)于考生的意義在于，*的整體是溫和的，*里面出現(xiàn)的極端的言辭都是要注意的，*里面的事實(shí)都是與我們學(xué)術(shù)生活共時(shí)的，對(duì)于過(guò)去的追憶和反現(xiàn)實(shí)的虛擬狀態(tài)，都是非常明顯的潛在出題點(diǎn)。尤其是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，往往表示應(yīng)然而非然之狀態(tài)，很有可

2、能出現(xiàn)負(fù)評(píng)價(jià)，以態(tài)度題的方式考察。而一切過(guò)分極端的言辭，如絕對(duì)的說(shuō)法，大多數(shù)，比較級(jí)尤其是強(qiáng)烈比較級(jí)，在*里的出現(xiàn)要注意，還有一種也是強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)比的標(biāo)志，就是以大寫(xiě)字母標(biāo)注的時(shí)間，指明某時(shí)之前或之后，我們稱(chēng)之為時(shí)間強(qiáng)對(duì)比。以上總結(jié)之，即是三大關(guān)系，強(qiáng)對(duì)比，因果以及轉(zhuǎn)折。表示這些關(guān)系的連詞，一律要注意，最好做出標(biāo)記。而對(duì)于題目來(lái)說(shuō)，考生要注意以上說(shuō)法是在哪里出現(xiàn)，如果*有這些強(qiáng)烈的措辭，那么題目當(dāng)中對(duì)應(yīng)這些段落的選項(xiàng)也有，就很可能是對(duì)的，如果選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)而*的相應(yīng)位置沒(méi)有，則該選項(xiàng)必錯(cuò)。gre閱讀學(xué)術(shù)*應(yīng)對(duì)心得：預(yù)見(jiàn)作者的態(tài)度主題題，態(tài)度題如何解決呢?首先我們需要了解gre考試的評(píng)價(jià)體系。對(duì)于激進(jìn)的(

3、進(jìn)化論)左的(馬列)上綱上線的，通常不與支持，對(duì)于以政治干涉學(xué)術(shù)，尤其反對(duì)。對(duì)于歧視弱者，損害弱者尤其反對(duì)，弱者恒強(qiáng)。should, must, should have 等詞也是負(fù)評(píng)價(jià)，應(yīng)然不然。選項(xiàng)中極端的，進(jìn)行人生攻擊的，模棱兩可的，諂媚的，馬上排除，因?yàn)檫@是學(xué)術(shù)考試。選項(xiàng)過(guò)分極端的副詞，也要小心，如表示絕對(duì)的言辭。gre閱讀備考時(shí)如何應(yīng)對(duì)學(xué)術(shù)*?諸生讀此類(lèi)*最大誤區(qū)在于試圖讀懂，更有甚者，尋求*之背景，遍尋譯文，以期充分理解每個(gè)gre詞匯，雖有燃膏繼晷之功，難有吳甲吞楚之效，蓋此種*，非為考生讀懂而設(shè)計(jì)。更有甚者，仿閱讀之結(jié)構(gòu)，言辭，圖作文之高分，則更加南轅北轍，緣木求魚(yú)而已。請(qǐng)殺雞諸位

4、謹(jǐn)記：這是考試，你只有13-15分鐘做題，*不是用來(lái)讀懂的，對(duì)待難句最好的辦法是考慮怎么不讀，少讀，而不是分析。學(xué)術(shù)*特點(diǎn)就是規(guī)范，層次清晰，主題明確。我們一定要讀出套路，尤其是*觀點(diǎn)的數(shù)量，這個(gè)直接關(guān)系到主題題怎么出。我們要把每段的層次的連詞標(biāo)記出來(lái)，我們還要知道每個(gè)層次的主題詞是什么，周?chē)袥](méi)有否定詞(改善題)，有沒(méi)有褒貶的詞(態(tài)度題，應(yīng)用題)至于例子，也可以考慮不讀或者少讀，因?yàn)間re閱讀詞匯重點(diǎn)考觀點(diǎn)，例子是事實(shí)，事實(shí)記得越多，混淆信息越多，做題越慢，準(zhǔn)確率越低。對(duì)于例子，只要記住位置就可以，題目考到再看，不考堅(jiān)決不看。以觀點(diǎn)記例子，以觀點(diǎn)分層次，以觀點(diǎn)分邏輯關(guān)系。gre閱讀備考如何審

5、題破題?首先記住，先文后題。道理很簡(jiǎn)單，你直接讀題，根本讀不懂。所以很重要的是搞明白兩個(gè)問(wèn)題，這個(gè)題目對(duì)應(yīng)*那個(gè)層次，考的是觀點(diǎn)還是例子。關(guān)于如何準(zhǔn)備gre閱讀中的學(xué)術(shù)類(lèi)*就介紹到這里想，希望你看完之后能夠在gre閱讀備考中好好把握這類(lèi)*的閱讀思路，這樣才能夠在gre閱讀考試的過(guò)程中更好的應(yīng)對(duì)。gre閱讀練習(xí)每日一篇of homers two epic poems, the odyssey has always been more popular than the iliad, perhaps because it includes more features of mythology tha

6、t are accessible to readers. its subject (to use maynard macks categories) is “l(fā)ife-as-spectacle,” for readers, diverted by its various incidents, observe its hero odysseus primarily from without; the tragic iliad, however, presents “l(fā)ife-as-experience”: readers are asked to identify with the mind o

7、f achilles, whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero. in addition, the iliad, more than the odyssey, suggests the complexity of the gods involvement in human actions, and to the extent that modern readers find this complexity a needless complication, the iliad is less satisfying

8、than the odyssey, with its simpler scheme of divine justice. finally, since the iliad presents a historically verifiable action, troys siege, the poem raises historical questions that are absent from the odysseys blithely imaginative world.17. the author uses macks “categories” (lines 4-5) most prob

9、ably in order to(a) argue that the iliad should replace the odyssey as the more popular poem(b) indicate macks importance as a commentator on the iliad and the odyssey(c) suggest one way in which the iliad and the odyssey can be distinguished(d) point out some of the difficulties faced by readers of

10、 the iliad and the odyssey(e) demonstrate that the iliad and the odyssey can best be distinguished by comparing their respective heroes18. the author suggests that the variety of incidents in the odyssey is likely to deter the reader from(a) concentrating on the poems mythological features(b) concen

11、trating on the psychological states of the poems central character(c) accepting the explanation that have been offered for the poems popularity(d) accepting the poems scheme of divine justice(e) accepting maynard macks theory that the poems subject is “l(fā)ife-as-spectacle”19. the passage is primarily

12、concerned with(a) distinguishing arguments(b) applying classifications(c) initiating a debate(d) resolving a dispute(e) developing a contrast20. it can be inferred from the passage that a reader of the iliad is likely to have trouble identifying with the poems hero for which of the following reasons

13、?(a) the hero is eventually revealed to be unheroic.(b) the hero can be observed by the reader only from without.(c) the heros psychology is not historically verifiable.(d) the heros emotions often do not seem appealing to the reader.(e) the heros emotions are not sufficiently various to engage the

14、readers attention.flatfish, such as the flounder, are among the few vertebrates that lack approximate bilateral symmetry (symmetry in which structures to the left and right of the bodys midline are mirror images). most striking among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish is eye placement

15、: before maturity one eye migrates, so that in an adult flatfish both eyes are on the same side of the head. while in most species with asymmetries virtually all adults share the same asymmetry, members of the starry flounder (starry flounder: (美洲)箭齒鰈,星斑川鰈) species can be either left-eyed (both eyes

16、 on the left side of head) or right-eyed. in the waters between the united states and japan, the starry flounder populations vary from about 50 percent left-eyed off the united states west coast, through about 70 percent left-eyed halfway between the united states and japan, to nearly 100 percent le

17、ft-eyed off the japanese coast.biologists call this kind of gradual variation over a certain geographic range a “cline (cline: n.生漸變?nèi)?一種生態(tài)特征)” and interpret clines as strong indications that the variation is adaptive, a response to environmental differences. for the starry flounder this interpretati

18、on implies that a geometric difference (between fish that are mirror images of one another) is adaptive, that left-eyedness in the japanese starry flounder has been selected for, which provokes a perplexing questions: what is the selective advantage (selective advantage: 選擇有利性) in having both eyes o

19、n one side rather than on the other?the ease with which a fish can reverse the effect of the sidedness of its eye asymmetry simply by turning around has caused biologists to study internal anatomy, especially the optic nerves, for the answer. in all flatfish the optic nerves cross, so that the right

20、 optic nerve is joined to the brains left side and vice versa. this crossing introduces an asymmetry, as one optic nerve must cross above or below the other. g. h. parker reasoned that if, for example, a flatfishs left eye migrated when the right optic nerve was on top, there would be a twisting of

21、nerves, which might be mechanically disadvantageous. for starry flounders, then, the left-eyed variety would be selected against, since in a starry flounder the left optic nerve is uppermost.the problem with the above explanation is that the japanese starry flounder population is almost exclusively

22、left-eyed, an natural selection never promotes a purely less advantageous variation. as other explanations proved equally untenable, biologists concluded that there is no important adaptive difference between left-eyedness and right-eyedness, and that the two characteristics are genetically associat

23、ed with some other adaptively significant characteristic. this situation is one commonly encountered by evolutionary biologists, who must often decide whether a characteristic is adaptive or selectively neutral. as for the left-eyed and right-eyed flatfish, their difference, however striking, appear

24、s to be an evolutionary red herring (red herring: n.熏青魚(yú), 轉(zhuǎn)移注意力的話).21. according to the passage, starry flounder differ from most other species of flatfish in that starry flounder(a) are not basically bilaterally symmetric(b) do not become asymmetric until adulthood(c) do not all share the same asymm

25、etry(d) have both eyes on the same side of the head(e) tend to cluster in only certain geographic regions22. the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about left-eyedness and right-eyedness in the starry flounder?i. they are adaptive variations by the starry flo

26、under to environmental differences.ii. they do not seem to give obvious selective advantages to the starry flounder.iii. they occur in different proportions in different locations.(a) i only(b) ii only(c) i and iii only(d) ii and iii only(e) i, ii, and iii23. according to the passage, a possible dis

27、advantage associated with eye migration in flatfish is that the optic nerves can(a) adhere to one another(b) detach from the eyes(c) cross(d) stretch(e) twist24. which of the following best describes the organization of the passage as a whole?(a) a phenomenon is described and an interpretation prese

28、nted and rejected.(b) a generalization is made and supporting evidence is supplied and weighed.(c) a contradiction is noted and a resolution is suggested and then modified.(d) a series of observations is presented and explained in terms of the dominant theory.(e) a hypothesis is introduced and corro

29、borated in the light of new evidence.25. the passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?(a) why are japanese starry flounder mostly left-eyed?(b) why should the eye-sidedness in starry flounder be considered selectively neutral?(c) why have biologists recently become interested in whether a characteristic is adaptive or selectively neutral?(d) how do the eyes in flatfish migrate?(e) how did parker make his discoveries about the anatomy of optic nerves in flatfish?26. which of the following is most clearly similar to a cline as it is describ