定語從句語法

1、定語從句一：先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的詞二：關(guān)系代詞：用來連接定語從句，并在從句中代表先行詞的代詞。先行詞是物： which that先行詞是人： who that在從句中的作用： 主語、賓語、表語e.g. they had a radio. / it could send out messages.they had a radio which/ that could send out message. ( 主語 )the girl is my best friend. / she spoke just now.the girl who/ that spoke just now is my b

2、est friend . (主語)he always buys some books. / he never read them.he always buys some books (which/ that) he never read. ( 賓語 )注意點：1 .) 定語從句一般直接跟在先行詞的后面：e.g. the man who lives next door sells vegetables.the man sells vegetables who lives next door. ()xthe car which my uncle just bought was destroyed

3、in the earthquake.the car was destroyed in the earthquake which my uncle just bought. ()x2 )關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時可以省略：e.g. the young man ( who ) you saw was our manager.there is something ( that ) we must keep in mind.3 .) 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語時，介詞?？梢蕴崆?，但介詞提前時， 關(guān)系代詞只能 用 which 或 whome.g. the man is a famous runner.

4、/ you talked to him just now.the man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.the chair is made of wood. / he is sitting on it now.the chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood.he is a library assistant. / i borrowed some books from him.he is a library assistant from whom i borrowed some

5、books.it is a famous school. / he graduated from it 3 years ago.it is a famous school from which he graduated 3 years ago.the service should be improved. / the students complain a lot about it.the service about which the students complain a lot should be improved.有一些動詞短語中的介詞是固定搭配，不可以拆開，一般還是放在動語之后，不提

6、前：e.g. he is the student. / the teachers are looking for him.he is the student who the teachers are looking for.the number of the children is 30. / she takes care of the children.the number of the children who she takes care of is 30.三： whose 的用法：關(guān)系代詞與其后的名詞構(gòu)成所有格，即“ 的”時，它既可以修飾指人的先行詞，也可以修 飾指物的先行詞。e.g.

7、 the girl is my daughter. / her work got the first prize.the girl whose work got the first prize is my daughter.do you know anyone? / his family is in xi an.the book is not mine. / the cover of it is red.i live in the room. / the windows of it face south.the chair has been repaired. / the leg of it

8、was broken.四：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句：限制性定語從句：主句和從句不隔開，從句不能省略，否則就會失掉意義不能成立。he is reading a book which is too difficult for him.here is the boy who damaged the glass.非限制性定語從句： 主句和從句用逗號隔開， 從句對修飾的部分起到進(jìn)一步說明的作用， 拿掉后其它部分的語意仍保持完整。e.g. the book is written by guo jinming, who is only 19 years old.bob s father, who w

9、as an engineer, spent 4 years in egypt.shanghai, whic h is developing fast, has become one of world s trade center.注意點：非限制性定語從句不能用 that 引導(dǎo) .e.g. she is very fond of french, which indeed she speaks quite well.which 還可以用來指代上文中的一件事情.e.g. their house is washed away by the floods, which made them very sa

10、d.he lost his job finally, which was exactly what we wanted.介詞 which:the picture he paid $100 was once owned by a king.can you think of a situation this word can be used?i m grateful to him for that advice, i owed all my success.關(guān)系副詞： when where why當(dāng)先行詞是表示時間的名詞，用 when,在定語從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語，這時一般可以用介詞 which 來代

11、替 :e.g. i will never forget the day./ i went to university on that day.i will never forget the day when/ on which i went to university.he still remember the morning. / the earthquake happened on that morning.he still remember the morning when/ on which the earthquake happened.當(dāng)先行詞是表示地點的名詞，用 where,在定

12、語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語，這時一般可以用介詞 which 來代替 :e.g. this is the house. / he used to live in the house.this is the house where/ in which he used to live.i know of a place. / we can swim in that place.i know of a place where/ in which we can swim.is there any shop around? / i can buy a pen in the shop.is there any s

13、hop around where/ in which i can buy a pen.先行詞是表示原因的名詞，即 reason,用why,在定語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語，這時一般可以用for + which來代替：e.g. i don t know the reason./ he did it for this reason.i dont know the reason why/ for which he did it.the reason was not clear. / he was fired for it.the reason why/ for which he was fired was

14、not clear.汪思點：當(dāng)表示時間、地點和原因的名詞在從句中不是作狀語，而是在從句中作主語或賓語時， 還是應(yīng)用 which/ thate.g. this is the date we re proud of.this is the date he was born.i will never forget the time we spent together.this is the factory my mother works.this is the factory we visited last week.is this factory you visit last week?a.the

15、 one b. where c. which d. that e.whenthis factory is the one (that/ which) you visit last week.i don t believe the reason he gave for his decision.another reason he made this decision is that he had to consider the feelings of others.關(guān)系詞的選擇a.只用thata.當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞， 如 all, everything, anything, nothing, m

16、uch, few, little, none, the one 等 all that can be done has been done.i didn t mean this one; i mean the one that was bought yesterday.b.先行詞(指物的)前面有 only, few, one of, little, no, all, every, very 等詞修飾時there s no difficulty that we can t overcome.i ve read all the books that can be borrowed here.c.先行

17、詞被序數(shù)詞first, last, next等或形容詞的最高級修飾時this is the first letter that i ve written in japanese.she is the most careful girl that i ve ever known.d.當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時they talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.the speaker talked of some writers and books that were unknown to us.e.當(dāng)先行詞是系動詞be后面

18、的表語或關(guān)系詞本身是從句的表語時china isn t the country that she used to be 50 years ago.he is no longer the man that he used to be.it s a book that will help you a great deal.f 當(dāng)主句是以who, which 開頭的特殊疑問句時who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop?which is the car that overtook us yesterday?g.當(dāng)主句以there be結(jié)構(gòu)開頭時，或關(guān)

19、系代詞在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中作實義主語，先行項為物there is a seat in the corner that is still free.there are two tickets of the film that are for you.the 9.15 is the fastest train that there has ever been.h.當(dāng)主句是以what開頭的特殊疑問句時what did you hear that made you so angry?i.當(dāng)先行詞是基數(shù)詞時yesterday i caught two fish and put them in a b

20、asin of water. now you can see the two that are still alive.8. 只用 whicha. 在非限制性定語從句，充當(dāng)主語或定語they have three houses, which are built of stone.b. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時this is the factory in which we once worked.we study in the classroom of which the doors face south.c 當(dāng)先行詞本身that 是時what s that which flashed in the

21、 sky just now?d. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面帶有插入語時here is the english grammar book which, as i have told you, will help improve your english.i ve bought you some books which i think may interest you.c.只用who不用thata.先行詞是 one, ones或 anyone 時one who does not work hard will never succeed.anyone who breaks the law should be

22、punished.she is the only one of the students who has been to the usa.b.先行詞為those或被those修飾，指人時those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.c.在以there be的句子中，先行詞為人時there is a comrade outside who wants to see you.d. 當(dāng)定語從句中又有定語從句，且先行項都為人時the student that won the first prize

23、is the monitor who works hard. e.當(dāng)指人的先行項被一些指物的名詞修飾時there s only one student in tshcehool who i want to see.do you know the woman in blue with a baby on her back who is working in the fields?f. 在非限制性定語從句中指人i met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from america.g.定語從句中有插入語時，并不影響關(guān)系代詞和副詞的選

24、擇。jackson is a man who i believe is honest.he won another award, which i think is the result of his hard work.d.在定語從句中，whose作定語，其先行項既可以是人，又可以是物lei feng was a great communist fighter whose death was weightier than mount tai.where s the window whose glass is broken?e. 在定語從句，關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why 與關(guān)系代詞

25、which, that 的關(guān)系july 1st, 1921 is the day that/which we chinese should always remember.this is the place that/which they visited last year.please give me a reason that/which could account for your absence.i still remember the day when(=on which) i joined the army.this is the room where(=in which) lux

26、un once lived.another reason why(=for which) he works hard is that he has pass the exam.f. as, which 的比較a.在非限制性定語從句中，均可替代整個主句或句中某個部分，在從句中作主語，賓語，表語如從句在主句之后，兩者皆可用they failed in the exam, as/which is natural.she seems a scientist, as/which in fact she is.grammar is not a set of dead rules, which/as i h

27、ave said before.b.如從句在主句之前，用 asas we all know, his parents were killed in this war.as is known to all, the earth travels around the sun.c.如關(guān)系代詞代表主句全句意思，有”正如.就象.”之意時，用 aswe won the match, as we had expected.he agreed to the plan, as was to be expected.d.當(dāng)先行項被the same, such, so修飾時，用 asthis is the same

28、 book as you bought yesterday.同類書 (比較： this is the same book that you bought yesterday.同一本書)don t believe in such men as praise you to your face.i never give my students so difficult a question as no one can work out.e. 當(dāng)從句內(nèi)容對主句內(nèi)容起消極作用，則用 whichthe young man cheated his friend out of much money, which was disgra 定語從句小結(jié). as 也可以用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句， 用來指待一件事，這時它的位置可以放在句首、句中和句尾。e.g. he is an american, as/which we know from his accent.as we know from his accent, he is an american.he, as we know from his accent, is an american.as has been said above, grammar is not a set of dead rules.grammar, as