小學英語輔導講義

1、小學英語輔導講義 名詞復習 名詞的分類 一、可數(shù)名詞的特點： a.有單復數(shù)之分 b. 能用a, an, c. 數(shù)詞來修飾 d. 復數(shù)名詞作主語時， 謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式 e. 可用few, a few, many, a great number of, both, neither, these, those, each, every, another, other, hundreds of, a great many, a group of等詞語修飾 二、可數(shù)名詞由單數(shù)變復數(shù)的基本構成規(guī)則： 1. 大多數(shù)名詞是在詞尾加-s boys, toys, pens, books, mouths, mo

2、nths 2. 以字母s，x，ch，sh結尾的名詞，在詞尾加-es 構成復數(shù)。 matches, churches, boxes, classes, brushes matches watches，etc. 3. 以“o”結尾，有（生命）的加-es, 有的加-s potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, negroes, mangos, photos, zoos, pianos, radios, kilos, studios, kangaroos, UFOs, videos 4. 輔音字母y結尾，去y，ies factories, countries, ladies, citie

3、s, batteries 元音字母y結尾的，直接加-s: boys, toys, days plays, holidays, monkeys, keys 5. 以f, fe結尾，去f, fe, ves shelves, knives, scarves / scarfs, leaf ? leaves, life ? lives， wolf ? wolves wife ? wives half ? halves, thief ? thieves loaf ? loaves 1 handkerchief ? handkerchiefs, handkerchieves 三、可數(shù)名詞不規(guī)則變化 man

4、? men, woman ?women, policeman ?policemen, foot?feet, tooth ? teeth, child?children, mouse?mice, goose ? geese 鵝sheep?sheep, deer?deer, Chinese ? Chinese, Japanese ? Japanese, Swiss? Swiss ox ?oxen 公牛,fish, Germans, humans, walkmans, means ?means 四、名詞的數(shù)量表達： 1.可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達： many, few, a few, a great num

5、ber of, a lot of, some, enough, plenty of, one of, quite a few, several, too many, both, neither, all, 數(shù)詞,hundreds of, thousands of, millions of dozens of, scores of 2. 不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達： much, little, a little, some, a huge amount of, a great deal of, plenty of, a lot of, huge amounts of VI. 關于名詞數(shù)的注意點： 1.

6、名詞作定語通常用單數(shù)形式：a car factory, two color films, word order, a paper bag 但也有用復數(shù)的： sports news, sports shoes, sports programmes, sports meeting, students reading-room, talks table, the foreign languages department 2. 有些名詞在某些習慣性用法中，要用復數(shù)形式： 2 shake hands with sb. make friends with sb. change trains change

7、seats 五、名詞所有格 1有生命的s Marys, fathers, the boys books, anybody elses advice, each others mistakes, 2. 詞尾是-s 或-es的復數(shù)名詞，只加“” the teachers office, the workers tools，twenty minutes walk 3. 詞尾沒有-s的復數(shù)名詞則加“s”來表示。 Childrens Day, Womens Day, the peoples needs 4. s 也可用于時間，距離，天體，國名，地名 a two-hour ride, in two wee

8、ks time, todays newspaper, two hours ride, twenty minutes walk 5.如果一樣東西為兩人共有，則只在最后一個名詞的詞尾加“s”. This is Lucy and Lilys bedroom. 如果不共有，則兩個名詞后面都加“s”. These are Bills and Toms bikes. 代詞復習 1、人稱代詞 （1） 人稱代詞的分類 人稱代詞分為主格和賓格兩種形式。 人稱 單數(shù) 復數(shù) 主格 賓格 主格 賓格 第一人稱 I me we us you you you you 第二人稱him they he 第三人稱 them 3

9、 her sheitit (2)人稱代詞的用法： 主格人稱代詞在句中作主語。 She is as intelligent as he (is). 她像他一樣聰明。 We all like English very much.我們都很喜歡英語。 我我喜歡音樂。 I like music. 賓格人稱代詞在句中作動詞的賓語或介詞的賓語。 We often go to see her on Saturdays. 我們常在星期六去看她。 即景活用：Miss Lin teaches _English this term. -You are lucky ._is a very good teacher. C

10、.us,She D. ours; He B.us; He A.our She 本題考查人稱代詞主格與賓格的用法區(qū)別。第一個空在動詞:答案:C點撥第二個空在句中作主語，故用主格，且性別上應;teaches后作賓語，故用賓格 相對應。 Lin與Miss )Im going skating. Would you like to go with _? 北京(2008.A.meB. I C. my D. mine 是介詞，介詞后的代飼用賓格形式，作介詞的賓語。 :with答案:A點撥 ，物主代詞2 物主代詞有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種。 他們的 它的 我們的你們的/ 類型 詞義我的 你的他的/

11、她的my your our their 形容詞性物主代詞your His/her/its His/hers/its theirs mine yours 名詞性物主代詞 ours yours 物主代詞具有形容詞的的特征，后面接名詞。容詞性的 1（）形: 4 Our school is not far from here. 我們的學校肉這兒不遠。 My father and mother are teachers. They like their work. （2)名詞性物主代詞具有名詞的特征，在句中可以作主語，表語或賓語。 This is not my pen. Mine is red. 這不是

12、我的鋼筆。我的是紅色的。 I have lost my dictionary. Please lend me yours. 我的詞典丟了。請把你的借我用一下。Do you know Alice? Yes. I know_very well. 一 B. her C. hersel f D. hers A. she 動詞時態(tài)復習 動詞的定義和分類動詞主要是用來表示動作、狀態(tài)和性質(zhì)，而動作和狀態(tài)的發(fā)生 定義一、 時態(tài)簡單地理解就是時有具體時間和表現(xiàn)形式，這就是英語中動詞的時態(tài)。（時間）態(tài)（動詞表現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，另外就是動詞的形態(tài) 二、動詞的基本形態(tài)（或形式）：動詞原形，第三人稱單數(shù)，過去式，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去

13、分詞 動詞的分類 賓語 及物動詞 實義動詞雙賓語 復合賓語 不及物動詞 be, seem, sound, turn, become系動詞 等表語+ 5 +doing be 動+done助動donehavebeen +doingdo, does, did動詞原Will, shall, would, should may, can, must, might, could情態(tài)動詞 動詞時態(tài)時態(tài) 用法 例句 表示經(jīng)常性，習慣性的動作He goes to school by bike every day. 每天騎自行車上學 The pen is in the bag. 鋼筆在書包里。表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)特征一

14、般地球the sun. The earth moves around 表示客觀真理 圍繞太陽轉。I will call you as soon as I get there. 一到達那里就給你電話。飛機九點起The plane takes off at nine. 飛。factory in 1986. in He worked a 1986年他在一家工廠工作。 They will appear later. 現(xiàn)在 時 表示將來（在時間，條件狀語從句中；在時刻表等計劃中）般一表示在過去某時間發(fā)生的事，去過存在的狀態(tài)或過去反復發(fā)生的 動作時 我 6 表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動一般將來作或狀態(tài)時 他

15、們稍晚會露面。 It is going to rain. 天要下雨了。 表示說話時正在進行的動作 We are having an English lesson now. 我們現(xiàn)在正在上英語課。 m reviewing English these days. 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作 I在現(xiàn) 近來我在復習英語。行進 She is always helping people. 表示贊揚，厭煩等感情色彩（與 時 （贊揚） 她總是樂于助人。always, continually等連用） 表示預計將要發(fā)生的動作（常We are leaving on Friday. 我們星期五出發(fā)。 代表將來時間的狀語

16、） 時態(tài)分述 （一）一般現(xiàn)在時的用法 一般現(xiàn)在時. ,習慣性發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)1.定義:表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的經(jīng)常性 He goes to school on foot. a.b. He is seven years old. c.The light travels faster than the sound. : 謂語動詞的形式2. 主語是第三人稱單數(shù)復數(shù) 二人稱 第一, (works) (work) 動詞第三人稱單數(shù)動詞用原形動詞（如 work) 問dont work 否定: Do.work 提問定:(doesnt 提否 work) Does.work : 7 be 用am are 主語是

17、I is am 提問（Are/ Am.) 否定（are / not) 否定：is not 主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，動詞變化的形式和方法與名詞變復數(shù)的方法基本一 樣： 如：works, runs, likes ）在動詞原形后加 -s , （1does, goes, 如：teaches, 或-o 結尾的動詞， 加-es, -s, （2）以-x, -ch, -sh washes studies, flies, carries. -es, 如：結尾的動詞，把y變i再加（3）以輔音字母+y have -has; be- is ）不規(guī)則變化，如：（4等時間）標志詞：如果句中有always, sometime

18、s, often, usually, every day 2 詞時，這個句子多用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例如：a. He goes to school every day. b. He is often late for school. c. The earth moves around the sun. 用法：3.often, ）表示經(jīng)常性，習慣性發(fā)生的動作，常與表示頻率的時間狀語連用，1 等。always, usually, never （每天都一樣） 我每天走路去上班。 I go to work on foot every day. ）表示興趣，愛好，所屬關系等。2 她喜歡跳舞。（興趣愛好） Sh

19、e likes dancing. （所屬關系） I have a football. 我有一個足球。 處所等。 3）標識性質(zhì)，特征，（包括外貌，年齡，高矮，來歷等）， （年齡）12She is 12 years old. 她歲。 8 The hospital is next to our school. 醫(yī)院在我們學校旁邊。（處所） 4）標識客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實，格言或警句。 The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉。 Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中國的東部。 Pride goes before a f

20、all. 驕者必敗。 .用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當形式填空。 1. He often (have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy (be) members of the Reading Club. 3. She and I （take）a walk together every evening. 4. There (be) some water in the bottle. 5. We (not watch) TV on weekdays. 6. Nick (not do) his homework on Sundays. 7. they (like) the

21、 World Cup? 8. What they usually (do) on holidays? 9. your parents (read) newspapers every day? 10. The girl (teach) us English on Sundays. .按照要求改寫句子。 1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改為否定句) Daniel TV every evening. 2. I do my homework every day .(改為一般疑問句并作否定回答) you homework every day？ No, I . 3.

22、 She likes milk.（改為一般疑問句并作肯定回答） _she milk? Yes, she . 9 二、用所給動詞的正確形式填空。 1. Where (be) John and Jack from? 2. His favorite subjects (be) P.E. and music. 3. His pen pal (live) in Toronto. 4. he (have) any sisters? 5. Ben can (speak) English and Spanish. 6. Her brother (not play) sports every day, he o

23、nly (watch) them on TV. 7. My patents want (go) shopping on Sunday. 8. She likes (play) computer games. （二）一般過去時的用法 1） 表示過去某時間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或過反復發(fā)生的動作。 a. He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. b. He worked in a factory in 1986. c. He was a student in 2000. 構成： 用動詞的過去式。作謂語的行為動詞的詞尾變化如下： 1）、規(guī)則動詞的變化 一般情況 +ed +d e以字母結尾的

24、輔音去y變結尾 ied y以輔音字母+ed 雙寫詞尾字母重讀閉音節(jié)結尾的單詞，末尾只有 一個輔音字母 、不規(guī)則動詞變化，需要記憶。2) 10 式問 式 疑 肯 定 式 否 定 主 語studenyou a student. Were I was I was a student. not a 第 t. 一、notwereWe/You/ They We/You/ They were you/ they Were students. students. 二人 students? a He/ She was He/ She was not a 稱和 student. student. a he/ Wa

25、s she 第三 student? You/ / I They/ I / You/ likedWe/ They/ 人稱 music. like they Did like didnt music.you/ music? 復數(shù) people liked Many like Many people didnt music. people music. Did many 以及music? like 名詞 復數(shù) ，yesterday, last week, three days ago, in 1998,just now 標志性的詞：等2） 昨天我在街上看見他了。例如：I saw him in the

26、 street yesterday. Li Mei always went to school on foot last year. 去年李梅總是步行上學。 練習一：用詞的適當形式填空1. He ate some bread and _ (drink) some milk. 2. _ he _ (finish) his homework last night? 3. I_(be) tired yesterday. 4. I _(gain ) Arts degree last year. 5. What _ you _ (do) at eight oclock last night?6. My

27、grandfather _ (leave) Hongkong for New York in 1998. 11 7. What _ you _ (do) this time yesterday? 練習二：單選 ( ) 1. _ you _ at six oclock yesterday? A. Do , get up B. Did, get up C. Do, got up D. Did, got up ( )2. What did you see _? A. now B. every day C. since 1990 D. just now ( ) 3. He went into the

28、room and _ the door. A. lock B. locking C. locks D. locked ( ) 4. -What _ you _ last week? - I bought a bag. A. did ,buy B. did , bought C. do, buy D. do, bought ( ) 5. -_ he _ his lunch? - Yes, he did. A. Have , had B. Had, has C. Did, have D. Did, had （三）現(xiàn)在進行時 （1）定義：現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在或當前一段時間正在進行的動作?？梢员硎居杏媱?/p>

29、的未來，也就是用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來。 （2）構成：現(xiàn)在進行時的構成是:主語+be+v.ing現(xiàn)在分詞形式 第一人稱單數(shù) I+am+doing+sth. 第一人稱復數(shù) We+are+doing +sth. 第二人稱單(復)數(shù) You+are+doing+sth. 第三人稱單數(shù) He（She，it）+is+doing+sth. 第三人稱復數(shù) They+are+doing +sth. 肯定句:主語+be（is/am/are）+現(xiàn)在分詞 否定句：主語+be（is/am/are）+not+現(xiàn)在分詞 一般疑問句:be（is/am/are）+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞 12 （3）現(xiàn)在分詞變化規(guī)則 1.直接+ ing(

30、例：sleep+ing sleeping) 2.去掉不發(fā)音的e+ing(例：bite-e+ing biting) 3.重讀閉音節(jié)，且末尾只有1個輔音字母，雙寫輔音字母+ing(例：si t+t+ing sitting) (4) 基本用法： A 表示現(xiàn)在( 指說話人說話時) 正在發(fā)生的事情。 例：We are waiting for you. He is reading. They are talking now. B. 習慣進行：表示長期的或重復性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進行。 例：Mr. Green is writing another novel. (說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)

31、 例：She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. C. 當前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。E.g. They are working these days. D.與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。 例：You are always changing your mind. 【實戰(zhàn)練習講解和分析：】 一、把下列詞匯變成ing形式 1.work_ sing_ play_ study_ 2.dance_ have_ write_ take_ 3.run_ sit_

32、 shop_ swim_ 13 二、用詞語的恰當形式填空 1. What are you _(do) now? I _(eat) bread. 2. Its nine oclock. My father_(work) in the office. 3. Look, the boy_ (put) the rubbish into the bin. 4. _he_ (clean) the classroom? No, he isnt. He_ (play). 5. Where is Mark? He_ (run) on the grass. 6. Listen, who_ (sing) in the music room? Oh, Mary_ (sing) there. 7. She _ (go) to school at eight oclock. 8. Its six oclock. They are _ supper. (eat) 9. He usually _ up at 17:00.(get ) 10. She _ (live) in Beijing. 11. Sally _ (be) here now. 12. _ (be)there a fly (蒼蠅) on the table ? 13. They are _ (dig) a