高空作業(yè)健康、安全和環(huán)保文件

1、hse document健康、安全和環(huán)保文件*公司* team*項目*地點document title文件名working at heights高空作業(yè)a00approved 審批p02for review 供審核mjt01/07/02p01for ipmt review 供ipmt審核12/04/02lyb 01/05/02p00for review 供審核p.g19/03/02lyb12/04/02issue revissue or revision descriptionorigin bydatecheck bydateapprovebydateapprove bydatethis do

2、cument is owned by michael tousignant ipmt authoritysite safety practice安全慣例forworking at heights高空作業(yè) index目錄1 introduction 引言2 aim 目的 3 procedure 程序4 release of lifitng devices 起吊設(shè)備的放5 man-riding in skips and cradles吊桶和吊籃的使用6 work from scaffolds 腳手架作業(yè)7 rope access 鋼索的使用8 roof work 屋頂作業(yè)9 individual

3、responsibility 個人責任10 fall arrest高空墜落的防護設(shè)施1. introduction 引言this procedure deals with working at heights and rope access.本程序主要講述高空作業(yè)和繩索的使用。2. aim 目的the aim of this procedure is to make managers and staff aware of the different types works situations that require fall arrest and other safeguards agai

4、nst falling from height.本程序旨在使經(jīng)理和員工意識到不同類型的高空作業(yè)環(huán)境，采取必要的防護設(shè)施及安全措施，避免人員從高空墜落而受到傷害。3. procedure 程序construction managers are required to evaluate risks from working at heights and adopt working practices that will reduce the likelihood of the potential consequences. a risk assessment is to be carried ou

5、t and some considerations are listed below. work carried out at heights present potential consequences such as:基建經(jīng)理應(yīng)對高空作業(yè)的風險進行評估，采取適當?shù)墓ぷ鞒绦蚝蜅l例，降低潛在危險發(fā)生的可能性。作業(yè)之前應(yīng)進行風險評估，并考慮以下因素。高空作業(yè)存在潛在后果，例如：a) falls by personnel from working platforms 人員從工作平臺墜落下來。b) dropped objects from working platforms物體從工作平臺上掉落下來。

6、c) structural collapse of working platforms. 工作平臺倒塌。the main considerations to be assessed are:評估時應(yīng)考慮以下主要因素：a) selection of the most appropriate type of working platform 選擇最合適的工作平臺。b) platforms designed and constructed for the working loads involved (including climatic conditions such as wind loadin

7、gs, where necessary) 根據(jù)有關(guān)的工作負荷（若需要應(yīng)考慮氣候條件，如風載）設(shè)計和建造工作平臺。c) protection for personnel gaining access to platforms at height保護人員安全到達高空平臺。d) protection for personnel in the course of carrying out tasks and operations at height保護在高空執(zhí)行任務(wù)和進行作業(yè)的人員。e) protection against accidental dislodgement of tools, mate

8、rials and equipment from working platforms防止工具、材料和設(shè)備從工作平臺上意外墜落。f) correct use of stabilizing mechanisms for attachments to permanent structures 正確使用穩(wěn)定機械裝置，將附件連接到永久結(jié)構(gòu)上。g) protection of personnel equipment from dropped objects from working platforms 保護人員、設(shè)備不受工作平臺上墜落物的傷害。h) platforms built and dismantl

9、ed in the sequence determined by the design 根據(jù)設(shè)計順序安裝和拆卸工作平臺。i) platforms loaded within the design limitations 工作平臺的承重限制在設(shè)計范圍內(nèi)。j) platforms protected against physical impact by vehicles, construction plant or equipment. 保護工作平臺免受車輛、施工機器或設(shè)備的碰撞而損壞。4. release of lifting devices起吊設(shè)備的釋放the safety of person

10、s working at heights who may be involved in releasing lifting devices shall be taken into account in every lifting operation as required. a safe place from which to release the load, and safe access to it, shall be provided.在每次起吊作業(yè)中，都必須考慮釋放起吊設(shè)備的高空作業(yè)人員的安全。應(yīng)提供一個釋放載重物的安全工作場所及安全的通道。the following points

11、must be considered:必須考慮以下因素：a.locating releasing points near existing safe positions, such as near the ends of the work piece (possibly a lifting beam would assist). 將釋放點設(shè)置在現(xiàn)有安全位置附近，如，靠近工件的末端（可以借助于吊梁）。b.remove/release lifting devices are now available which can be operated from a safe place, so that

12、 there is no need to gain access along, or on the work piece being lifted. 在安全的地方移動/釋放起吊設(shè)備，從而無需沿正在被起吊的工件進入。c.providing adequate protection if access is necessary; this may include guardrails fitted to the top flange prior to lifting, ladders, mobile access platforms, safety belts/harnesses, nets and

13、 inertia reels. 如果必須接近起吊的設(shè)備，則應(yīng)提供充分的保護；例如，在起吊前在頂部邊緣安裝護欄、梯子、移動工作平臺、 安全帶/全身性的護具、網(wǎng)和慣性卷筒等。5. man-riding in skips and cradles吊桶和吊籃的使用when a crane is used to support a man-riding skip or bucket, a dead mans handle must be fitted. when skips are used as working platforms, leaving the skip at height shall no

14、t be permitted or attempted unless a safety harness and inertia reel are used, secured to the skip or a suitable structure.使用起重機提升吊桶或吊籃時，必須安裝固定把手。當?shù)跬坝米鞴ぷ髌脚_時，不允許讓吊桶留在高空，除非有安全帶和慣性纜繩固定在吊桶或合適的結(jié)構(gòu)上。all lifting appliances and man riding equipment shall have clearly marked with:所有起重器具和載人設(shè)備應(yīng)清楚地注明：a) safe wor

15、king load安全載重量b) date of last test最后一次測試日期。c) no unit shall be used unless it has a valid test certificate.不可以使用任何沒有有效測試證書的機組。d) the skip or cradle must be of sound design and construction, of suitable material and of adequate strength and must be properly maintained.吊桶或吊籃必須設(shè)計可靠，安裝良好，材料合適，具有足夠的強度，而且

16、必須加以適當維護。e) it must be so designed so that no one can fall out, and there must be means to prevent him or her spinning or turning.吊桶或吊籃的設(shè)計應(yīng)保證人員不會掉出來，必須有措施防止人員在吊桶或吊籃里面旋轉(zhuǎn)或翻轉(zhuǎn)。f) it must be a least 910mm deep and only installed under the supervision of a competent person.吊籃（吊桶）深度至少應(yīng)為910mm，必須在合格人員監(jiān)督下安裝。6

17、. work from scaffolds 腳手架作業(yè)where scaffold access has been provided, it shall only be used for which it has been designed and constructed. the scaffold shall only be used when the appropriate scaffold inspection tag is attached. 使用腳手架時應(yīng)遵循有關(guān)的設(shè)計和建造要求。腳手架只有經(jīng)過檢查并貼上標簽后才能使用。whilst erecting and dismantling

18、scaffolding fall protection must be afforded to the scaffolding erectors whilst ascending and descending partly erected or dismantled scaffolds. safe access and egress can be achieved by various methods. when ascending and descending scaffolds an independent ladder access can be erected with landing

19、 stages that are fully boarded and hand railed with access to each lift of the scaffold which is progressively erected or dismantled with the main body of the scaffold structure .if this method is impractical safe access can be arranged onto the scaffold from the structure floors. in the event that

20、either of these means is not acceptable man baskets and crane access can be used provided there is a safe means of landing personnel on the scaffold structure. if ascending or descending the scaffold structure is required then 100 % tie off method with a double lanyard safety harness must be used.安裝

21、和拆卸腳手架時，在提升或降下腳手架部件的過程中，必須對工人進行充分的保護?？梢圆捎酶鞣N方法安全的進入或離開。當豎起和降下腳手架時，可以用棧橋建一個獨立的梯子，棧橋鋪滿平板，有扶手，從上面可以隨著腳手架主體結(jié)構(gòu)的安裝或拆卸進入每一層腳手架。如果這個辦法不行，可以從結(jié)構(gòu)樓層安全走上腳手架。如果這些辦法都不行，可以使用載人吊籃和吊車，不管怎樣必須采用安全的方法將人放在腳手架結(jié)構(gòu)上。如果搭設(shè)或拆除腳手架結(jié)構(gòu)，則必須100%系掛雙系索（2個掛鉤）安全保險吊帶。whilst erecting runs of independent scaffolding steel static lines (secur

22、ely attached wire rope cable) should be erected along the lift of scaffold so that scaffolders only hook on once and do not have to undo the safety harness when traversing along the length of the scaffold.在搭建獨立腳手架時，應(yīng)沿著腳手架的豎立高度安裝鋼管（安全地系在繩索上），這樣搭腳手架的人員只需勾住安全帶一次，不需要在沿著腳手架移動時松開安全帶。7. rope access繩索的使用onl

23、y personnel who have been trained and assessed and approved by an acceptable authority shall be employed for this work.只有經(jīng)過專門機構(gòu)培訓(xùn)、評定和認可的人員才能參與這項工作。any company providing such services shall be a current member of a certified authority提供這些服務(wù)的公司必須是權(quán)威鑒定機構(gòu)的現(xiàn)有會員。all ropes, anchors and other rope access eq

24、uipment shall have test certificates provided. the irata guidelines on the use of rope access methods for industrial purposes shall be used as a standard reference.所有鋼索，錨和其他使用繩索的設(shè)備應(yīng)具有測試合格證。irata的“工業(yè)用繩索使用方法指南”應(yīng)作為標準參考資料使用。8. roof work屋頂/頂部作業(yè)edge protection must be supplied when working at heights of 2

25、 meters and over or suitable and sufficient systems for the use of alternatives such as safety harness, safety nets etc.在2米高以上工作時應(yīng)有邊緣保護，或選擇使用安全保險帶、安全網(wǎng)之類的合適而充分的保護設(shè)施。9. individual responsibility 個人職責when working at heights all employees will: 進行高空作業(yè)時所有員工必須遵循下列規(guī)則：a) use any ppe that is provided and rep

26、ort any defects to that ppe 只使用提供的個人保護用品，并報告該個人保護用品存在的缺陷b) report any inadequate means of access and egress報告任何不安全的出入方法c) use scaffolds provided or other approved means of access and egress 使用提供的腳手架或采用其他經(jīng)過批準的出入方法d) use only equipment that is tested and fit for purpose 僅使用經(jīng)過測試且適合使用的設(shè)備e) co-operate wi

27、th any health or medical surveillance and training programmes.配合健康或醫(yī)療人員的工作，如監(jiān)督和培訓(xùn)計劃的實施等f) report any incidents or defective equipment to the line supervisor. 向現(xiàn)場監(jiān)督人員報告任何事故或有缺陷的設(shè)備g) be in a good health, physically and mentally fit to perform the work身體健康，具有良好的精神狀態(tài)，適合執(zhí)行工作 10. fall arrest墜落防護assessment

28、評估secco ipmt requires suitable and sufficient steps to be taken to prevent persons from falling. requirements are given where a person is liable to fall two meters or more requires that suitable and effective measures be taken to prevent any person falling a distance likely to cause personal injury.

29、賽科 ipmt要求采取適當而充分的措施，防止人員墜落。當人員可能從2米以上高空墜落時，必須采取合適而有效的措施，防止墜落對人員造成傷害。the contractor shall adopt effective measures to prevent personnel form slipping when working at heights, due to the cold weather and the freezing of raining or accumulated snow. all accumulation of water, ice, frost and snow shall

30、be removed from any elevated work surface when it presents a hazard to employees working at heights.承包商必須采取有效措施，防止人員在進行高空作業(yè)時由于寒冷的天氣、下雨后的結(jié)冰或積雪而滑倒。對雇員高空作業(yè)構(gòu)成危險的所有的積水、冰、霜、雪均應(yīng)及時清除。a lightning rod or other similar suitable grounding device shall be installed to ground the structure before working at heigh

31、t can be started. personal are forbidden to work at heights when the environmental conditions present a hazard such as severe fog and strong winds above level six. 在高處作業(yè)開始以前，應(yīng)事先設(shè)置避雷設(shè)施或其它相似的接地裝置。遇有六級以上強風、濃霧等惡劣氣候不得進行高處作業(yè)。following any period of poor weather conditions such as a snowstorm, typhoon or h

32、eavy rain, the equipment associated with working at heights shall be thoroughly inspected before resuming the work.暴風雪及臺風暴雨后，應(yīng)對高處作業(yè)安全設(shè)施進行全面檢查，發(fā)現(xiàn)損壞應(yīng)立即修理完善。other considerations include:其他需要考慮的事項，包括： the indication of areas where a fall could occur注明可能發(fā)生墜落的區(qū)域 guard rails護欄 fixed ladders固定梯子 roof work頂部

33、作業(yè) fragile surfaces易碎表面 window cleaning窗戶清潔 conditions of floors and traffic routes地面和交通線路情況 formal written permit to work systems進入工作區(qū)域的正式書面許可 fall-arrest systems, including safety lines, harnesses and secure anchorage points高空墜落保護系統(tǒng)，包括安全繩，全身保險帶和安全的懸掛點 falling objects.墜落物guard rails護欄guardrails fac

34、ilitate mobility because there is no connection between worker and rail, and they can prevent falls. workers may still be at a risk of falling if they lean over or through the rail to gain access. also, a stumble near the rail needs to be considered. regulations specify rail heights, spacing, toe-bo

35、ards, etc, and on roof edges rails are known as edge protection.工人和護欄間沒有連接物，設(shè)置護欄可以方便走動，防止墜落。如果工人靠在護欄上和穿過護欄，仍可能有墜落的危險。另外要考慮在護欄邊緣絆倒的可能性。有關(guān)護欄高度、間距、踢腳板和屋頂/頂部邊緣的規(guī)定稱作“邊緣保護”。safety nets安全網(wǎng)safety nets facilitate mobility because they have no connection between worker and net, and are designed to catch worke

36、rs who fall from a height. the erection of safety nets is a hazardous process and must only be undertaken by competent personnel with suitable fall protection. nets must be installed as close to the working level as possible, to minimize the distance a worker could fall through, the maximum permitte

37、d being six meters. consideration needs to be given to the effects of one or more workers falling through such a distance, either separately or together, there must be adequate clearance below the net to accommodate its stretching on impact, and worker(s) need to be rescued after the fall. 工人和網(wǎng)之間沒有連

38、接物，安全網(wǎng)的設(shè)置便于接住從高處墜落下來的工人。安裝安全網(wǎng)時存在一定的危險，只有采取適當防護措施（防止墜落）的合格人員才能從事這項工作。安全網(wǎng)應(yīng)盡量靠近工作平面處安裝，以盡量減少工人墜落的距離，最大允許距離是6米。應(yīng)考慮到一個或幾個工人分別或一起從這個距離墜落的后果。在安全網(wǎng)下面必須有足夠的空間使網(wǎng)能夠在受力時伸展開，在墜落后需要將工人救出來。fall-arrest systems墜落制動系統(tǒng)fall-arrest systems are designed to provide a safe and ergonomic connection between the worker and wor

39、kplace structure. this can reduce the workers mobility and as a result a number of different types have been developed for different working situations to provide the best combination of protection and mobility. if a fall should occur, the equipment automatically arrests the worker by a braking mean

40、s, which minimizes the fall distance and limits the arresting force to a maximum of 10kn.設(shè)置墜落制動系統(tǒng)的目的在于，在工人和工作場所（構(gòu)筑物）之間建立一種安全并且符合人機工程的連接。這種連接可以減少工人的活動范圍，對于不同的工作情況，人們研究并采用不同的連接方式，將人身保護和人員活動范圍及靈活性有效的結(jié)合起來。如果發(fā)生墜落，墜落制動設(shè)備就會通過制動手段自動地捕住墜落的人員，使墜落距離最小，并將下墜力限制到最大值10kn。the simplest system consists of a full-body

41、 safety harness, which a worker puts on prior to attaching to the system; a safety lanyard, which is a flexible link between the harness and the anchorage; an anchorage, which connects the lanyard to the structure; and connectors, which link the parts of the system together. only full-body safety ha

42、rnesses can be used in fall-arrest systems. safety lanyards must not exceed two meters in overall length and must have an integral energy absorber. connectors such as karabiners and hooks.: connectors. compatibility between parts of the system is important.最簡單的系統(tǒng)由全身安全保險帶（在連接到系統(tǒng)之前工人把安全帶系上），一條安全系索（在保險

43、帶和錨固件之間柔性連接），一個錨固件（把系索連接到構(gòu)筑物上）和連接器（把系統(tǒng)零部件連接在一起）組成。只有全身保險帶可以在防墜落系統(tǒng)中使用。安全系索全長不應(yīng)超過2米，且必須有一個完整的能量吸收器。連接器有鋼環(huán)和鉤子等。系統(tǒng)零部件之間的相容性是很重要的。retractable lifelines (also known as fall-arrest blocks) give more mobility. anchored above the worker they have a spring-tensioned cable, which is paid out and retracted unde

44、r the normal movement of the worker, but a braking mechanism automatically locks the cable in response to the sudden jerk of a fall, in a similar fashion to a car seat belt. 收縮式救生索（也稱為墜落制動裝置）具有更大的靈活性。具體的方法是在工人上方設(shè)置了一個彈性張力繩索，當工人正常移動時放出和縮回，在突然墜落的情況下，制動機構(gòu)會自動地鎖住繩索，類似于汽車的安全帶。retractable type fall arrester

45、s.收縮式墜落制動器vertical travel, e.g. on tower ladders, can be protected by vertical lifelines. a sliding device moves up and down a rail or rope in response to climbing movements, but locks in response to the sudden jerk of a fall. 垂直方向（例如在塔梯上）工作時，可采用垂直救生索對人員進行保護。當工作人員攀登時，滑動裝置沿著軌道或繩索上下移動，當人員意外墜落時，滑動裝置會鎖住

46、。anchorage points錨固點cover eyebolts, mobile eyebolts, tripods, roof anchors, and deadweight anchors for use with fall-arrest equipment. it is important to ensure that the anchorage point can withstand the forces applied in a fall with an adequate safety factor. it is important to ensure that, where p

47、ossible, the point is positioned above the worker to minimize the falling distance, and that sufficient space exists beneath the worker so that the length of the fall does not exceed that which is available on site. 包括有眼螺栓、活動式有眼螺栓、三腳架、屋頂錨固件和重負載錨件等，用于墜落制動設(shè)備。保證錨固點能經(jīng)得住墜落時施加的力并具有足夠的安全系數(shù)，這一點是非常重要的。另外必須保證

48、，盡可能的將錨固點設(shè)置在工人的上方，最大限度的降低墜落的距離，另外在工人的下面保持足夠的空間，使墜落長度不超過現(xiàn)場允許的長度。fall-restraint systems and work positioning墜落抑制系統(tǒng)與工作定位by tethering the worker to the workplace structure, fall-restraint systems prevent the worker from getting into a position from which they could fall. mobility is restricted to the le

49、ngth of the lanyard and the position of the anchorage point. work positioning equipment is used to partially support and steady a worker at height to leave both hands free for work. neither of these items of equipment are suitable for fall-arrest purposes. 通過用繩索把工人限定在工作場所的構(gòu)筑物上，墜落抑制系統(tǒng)可防止工人進入可能墜落的位置。活

50、動范圍受到系索長度和錨固點位置的限制。工作定位設(shè)備用來局部支撐并固定高空作業(yè)的工人，使其雙手可以自由工作。這些設(shè)備不能用于墜落制動。rescue營救consideration must be given to how workers at height can be recovered after having become incapacitated, or having fallen into a safety net or in a fall-arrest system. 必須考慮，當高空作業(yè)的人員無能為力，或墜入安全網(wǎng)，或處于墜落制動系統(tǒng)時怎樣進行營救/恢復(fù)。definitions定義

51、100% tie-off100%打結(jié)the term 100% tie-off shall be interpreted as meaning that all employees, at all times, shall be wearing a personal fall arrest system and shall be securely fastened to an anchor or field tie-off point when working, traveling, inspecting or performing other tasks or conducting othe

52、r business at a height greater than 2 m above the ground or working level. the working height shall be determined by measurement from the employees feet. completed and inspected permanent platforms and green-tagged scaffold are exempt from this policy.100%打結(jié)這個術(shù)語應(yīng)解釋為：所有雇員在所有時間內(nèi)在離地面或工作標高2米以上高度處進行工作、行走

53、、檢查或執(zhí)行其它任務(wù)或完成其它工作時，都必須配戴人員高空墜落制動系統(tǒng)，并安全地固定在錨固件或現(xiàn)場系掛點上。工作高度應(yīng)從雇員的腳面測量來確定。完整的經(jīng)過檢驗的永久性平臺和綠色標簽的腳手架除外。deceleration device減速裝置a deceleration device shall be interpreted as meaning any mechanism, such as a rope grab, rip-stitch lanyard, specially-woven lanyard, tearing or deforming lanyards, automatic self-r

54、etracting lifelines/lanyards, etc., which serves to dissipate a substantial amount of energy during a fall arrest, or otherwise limit the energy imposed on an employee during fall arrest.減速裝置應(yīng)解釋為任何機構(gòu)，例如繩索夾鉗、扯縫索、特殊的編結(jié)索、抗撕磨索，自動的自收縮救生索/系索等等，這些機構(gòu)在墜落制動期間用來消散能量，或限制施加于雇員身上的能量。engineered anchor point工程錨固點an

55、 engineered anchor point shall be interpreted as meaning a fixed location, designed and inspected by a structural engineer (or equivalent) for the purpose of connecting a safety lanyard to prevent falls.工程錨固點應(yīng)解釋為一個固定位置，該位置由結(jié)構(gòu)工程師（或相當?shù)娜藛T）設(shè)計并檢查，用于連接安全系索，防止墜落。field tie-off point現(xiàn)場系掛點a field tie-off poin

56、t shall be interpreted as meaning any fixed point capable of supporting 10 kn of force , used for the attachment of a safety lanyard. field tie-off points could be pipes larger than 300mm inches in diameter and structural beams. conduit, regardless of size, shall never be used as a tie-off point.現(xiàn)場系掛點應(yīng)解釋為用于連接安全繩索，能支持10 kn力的任何固定點。 現(xiàn)場系掛點可以是直徑大于300mm的管道，及結(jié)構(gòu)梁等。任何導(dǎo)管，無論尺寸多大，都不能用作系掛點。guardrail system護欄系統(tǒng)guardrail system shall be interpreted as meaning a barrier erected to prevent employees from