土木工程專業(yè)外文翻譯1

1、中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)長城學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文外文資料翻譯外文資料翻譯譯文對土木工程的發(fā)展起關(guān)鍵作用的，首先是作為工程物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)的土木建筑材料，其次是隨之發(fā)展起來的設(shè)計理論和施工技術(shù)。每當(dāng)出現(xiàn)新的優(yōu)良的建筑材料時，土木工程就 會有飛躍式的發(fā)展。土木工程是具有很強的實踐性的學(xué)科。在早期，土木工程是通過工程實踐，總結(jié)成功的經(jīng)驗，尤其是吸取失敗的教訓(xùn)發(fā)展起來的。從17世紀(jì)開始，以伽利略和牛頓為先導(dǎo)的近代力學(xué)同土木工程實踐結(jié)合起來，逐漸形成材料力學(xué)、結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)、流體力學(xué)、巖體力學(xué)，作為土木工程的基礎(chǔ)理論的學(xué)科。這樣土木工程才逐漸從經(jīng)驗發(fā)展成為科學(xué)。 工程圖紙矢量化是把掃描所得到的光柵圖像加以處理、分析、識別并最終轉(zhuǎn)換成

2、矢量圖形格式的過程。矢量化研究是圖紙復(fù)用、自動理解等應(yīng)用的基礎(chǔ)，是目前cad領(lǐng)域的一個研究熱點。本文在研究了目前有代表性的掃描圖紙識別輸入系統(tǒng)和矢量化算法的基礎(chǔ)上，利用可視化編程語言visual c+初步完成了一個矢量化軟件。它包括圖像預(yù)處理、自動矢量化、圖形格式轉(zhuǎn)換以及人工交互方式的光柵圖像和矢量圖形編輯等功能。 圖像預(yù)處理是矢量化技術(shù)的前期準(zhǔn)備階段，有圖像去噪、圖像分割、圖像細(xì)化等步驟。 直線是工程圖中最基本的并且占絕對多數(shù)的圖形元素，許多更高層次的圖元如圓、圓弧等都是以直線為基礎(chǔ)的，因此直線矢量化的質(zhì)量成為評價矢量化性能的重要指標(biāo)。本文在大量統(tǒng)計各種直線像素構(gòu)成特點的基礎(chǔ)上，分析了直線鏈

3、碼所出現(xiàn)的概率性規(guī)律，使直線鏈碼的特征在freeman約束條件中顯得具體化，提出了基于概率模型的直線矢量化方法，概率特點體現(xiàn)在兩個方面：直線后續(xù)跟蹤點的選擇和第一次直線合并過程中。實踐證明這種方法可以滿足直線的最大延伸原則，從而減少直線分段現(xiàn)象。以直線為基礎(chǔ)運用曲線擬合的方法實現(xiàn)二次曲線的矢量化；在自動矢量化過程中解決了基于細(xì)化的方法無法提取線寬信息的難題。 為了進(jìn)一步提高圖像處理的效果和矢量化的準(zhǔn)確度，本文在圖像處理階段和自動矢量化后階段均提供了簡單的編輯功能，既可以對圖像進(jìn)行像素級操作，也可以對矢量化過程中產(chǎn)生的失真現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行修正；同時給出矢量化數(shù)據(jù)到cad軟件的圖形格式轉(zhuǎn)換接口，從而有利于

4、和cad環(huán)境的無縫聯(lián)接。 本文在工程圖紙矢量化方面只是進(jìn)行了簡單的嘗試，還存在許多問題，有待于進(jìn)一步完善。待添加的隱藏文字內(nèi)容2外文原文civil engineering for the development of a key role, first as a material foundation for the civil engineering construction materials, followed by the subsequent development of the design theory and construction technology. every tim

5、e a new quality of building materials, civil engineering will be a leap-style development. civil engineering is a very practical subjects. in the early days, through the civil engineering practice, summing up successful experience, in particular, to draw lessons from the failure of developed. from t

6、he beginning of the 17th century, with galileo and newton as a pilot with the mechanics of the modern civil engineering practice, gradually formed the mechanical, structural mechanics, fluid mechanics, rock mechanics, civil engineering as the basis of theoretical subjects. this experience in civil e

7、ngineering from the gradually developed into a science. engineering drawing vectorization, i.e, raster-to-vector conversion, is the process of analyzing the scanned image of an engineering drawing in paper form and recognizing the graphic objects in the drawing, and finally, generating the vector fo

8、rmat. vectorization is the foundation of the activities of reusing old drawings and the automatic interpretation of engineering drawings. it has been and still is a well-focused topic in cad research field. in this paper, on the bases of analyzing typical engineering drawing inputting and vectorizat

9、ion algorithm, this dissertation realizes this vectorization software using the technology of oop. it includes image preprocessing, graphics auto-recognition, graphics format conversion and human-computer interactive method, such as raster image edition and vector graphics edition.image preprocessin

10、g includes image filtering, image segment, image thinning, etc. this dissertation explains the thought and implementation technology of these algorithms;line is basic and the most graphic element in engineering drawing.line forms many high level graphic elements, for example circel, arc. so the qual

11、ity of line vectorization is a very important mark in vectorization performance analyzing.on the bases of analyzing all kinds of lines pixel distribution characteristic, freeman restriction condition of line chains becomes clear. line vectorization is the foundation of other graphic vectorization. t

12、his dissertation analyses the feature of lines freeman chain code, then brings forward a new line vectorization method based on probability property model including selecting the next line tracking pixel and the first line mergence procedure. this method can satisfy maximum line extending principle

13、, and can reduce line segmentphenomenon.the paper realizes the vectorization of conic , circle and arc using curve fitting method. this line vectorization method can recognise line width information.in order to improve the effect of image and the exactitude of vectorization, this dissertation supplies raster image edition and vector graphics edition, which can make pixel operation and amend image vectorization results. at the same time it supplies the image transform to the form of cad and can be edited and modified in the condition of cad.this