《翻譯理論與實踐(筆譯)》期末復習輔導（The final review of translation theory and Practice (translation)）

1、翻譯理論與實踐(筆譯)期末復習輔導（The final review of translation theory and Practice (translation)）The final review of translation theory and Practice (translation)January 2007First, test questions and simulation questions1., multiple-choice question: 10 questions, each subject 2 points, a total of 20 points. The

2、scope includes translation criteria, literal translation and free translation, definitions of translation, culture and translation.2. question and answer question: 2 questions, each question 15 points, altogether 30 points. The scope includes literal translation and free translation, and the transla

3、tion criteria, such as the contribution of Xuan Zang to translation.3. paragraph translation (English to Chinese): the 1 paragraph, a total of 50 points. This part is out of class.Choose a question (choose the correct answer in the four option):1. Xu Guangqi, a translator at the end of the Ming Dyna

4、sty, mainly engaged in the translation of -C-.A. Buddhist classics, B. literatureC. science and technology, D., philosophical works2., Ma Jianzhong, author of the text of Markov, put forward the translation view of -A-.A. good B. environmentC. in D. Xindaya3. after the publication of thatswept domes

5、tic Paris camellias is -B-.A.s Lin Shu B.C. Lin Yutang, D., Liang Shiqiu4., free translation refers to the translation from the point of view, requires the meaning of the original text is correctly expressed, not rigidly adhere to the form of -D-.A. words, B., words and metaphorsC. various rhetorica

6、l devices, D. words, sentences, and various rhetorical devices5. translation is a (A) communicative activity.A. cross language, cross culture, cross society, B., cross languageC. cross language, cross society, D., cross language, Cross SocietyThe 6. is the ideal unit for Translation: _. ()A. chapter

7、s, B. sentences, C. words, D. words7. in the following four language features, -B- is not the feature of advertising english.A. multi imperative sentence B. multiple post attributesC. many new words, D., more commonly used vocabulary8., Lu Xun put forward the translation view of -B-.A. would rather

8、Shun than believe, B. would rather believe than ShunC. rather than believe and not shun, rather Shun rather than believeD. is faithful, fluent and tactful9. in the following four sets of features, the -D- group is in line with the actual situation of the English language.A. means parataxis, multi ac

9、tive structure, multi dynamic words, multiple repetitions, and more biological words as subjectsB. hypotaxis, multi active structure, multi dynamic word, multiple substitution, multi object word as subjectC. means parataxis, multi passives, multi static words, multiple repetitions, and more biologic

10、al words as subjectsD. hypotaxis, multi passive structure, multi static word, multiple substitution, multi object word as subject10. the following four language features, -B- does not conform to the actual situation of the English language.A., B., multi dynamic wordsC. instead of D., many words are

11、used as subjectsLast night, I, heard, him, his, pigs, to, market. means driving () ().A. I heard him driving his pig to the market last night.B. last night I heard the snore like thunder.C. I heard him driving the pig to the market last night.D. I heard him driving to the market last night.12., the

12、tendency of nominalization (nominalization) is one of the more obvious grammatical features of -C-.A. advertising English, B. News EnglishC. technical English, D. literature English13. to laugh off ones head is translated as laugh, this is the use of what translation methods? CA., literal translatio

13、n, B., free translationC., Chinese synonyms, D., domestication14., Yan Fus elegance refers to: _A_.A.From the original text and translation of the classic one-sided pursuit of itself.B. means the style of preserving the original.C. means keeping the original form.The answers above D. are not correct

14、15. meaning matching, functional similarity means which three meanings match. ()A. referential meaning, inner meaning, pragmatic meaningB. expresses meaning, social meaning, imperative meaningC. referential meaning, associative meaning, pragmatic meaningD. grammatical meaning, phonological meaning a

15、nd pragmatic meaning16. train slow should be translated into ().A.slow, train, B., local, train, C., fast, train, D., tardy, train17., cultural differences lead to difficulties in translation, mainly at the lexical level.A. vocabulary vacancy, word conflict, semantic association, pragmatic meaningB.

16、 lexical gap, pragmatic meaningC. semantic association, pragmatic meaningD., word meaning conflict, pragmatic meaningQuestions and answers:1., how to understand the relationship between literal translation and free translation?.1.1) the so-called literal translation, is in the premise of not contrar

17、y to the target culture tradition, in translation while maintaining the original content, while maintaining the original form (especially of maintaining the original metaphor, image and national and local color, etc.) that is to fully retain the meaning of words, is obtained with the content and for

18、m.2) free translation means that the translator has to abandon the literal meaning of the original text in order to make the translation correspond to the content of the original text and the similarity of the main language functions when the translator is subjected to the limitations of the social

19、and cultural differences in the target language. Free translation is not arbitrary. Translation requires that the translation can correctly express the content of the original text, but it can be rigidly used in the form of the original text.3) literal translation and free translation should be comp

20、atible with each other rather than mutually exclusive. In translation practice, literal translation has obvious advantages when it can accurately express the content of the original thought and not violate the language norms of the target language. Because the literal translation helps to preserve t

21、he original style, which Lu Xun said exotic and western style; at the same time, the literal translation is helpful to cause some from foreign fresh and vivid words, syntactic structure and expression method, make the Chinese become rich.4) translation must adopt different means, or free translation

22、 or literal translation, and should be dealt with flexibly. The ultimate purpose of literal translation and free translation is to faithfully express the ideological content and stylistic style of the original text. They are mutually exclusive and contradictory. A translator must be good at combinin

23、g the two. In fact, people who really advocate literal translation do not reject free translation, but oppose translation and translation in disorder. Those who advocate free translation do not reject literal translation, but oppose dead translation and hard translation. Literal translation is prone

24、 to translation syndrome, that is, the pursuit of mechanical equivalence; free translation is easily divorced from the original intention, i.e., random translation.2., how to understand Yan Fus translation criteria of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance?Should contain the following three meani

25、ngs:1) as a translation criterion, the formulation of faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance is concise and clear, and has its own level, primary and secondary importance. Three, XinHeDa is more important, and the letter and of the two, the letter is very important.2) there are certain limitation

26、s of the times.3) elegance can be interpreted differently. Yan Fu believes that the elegance, refers to from the source and one-sided pursuit of translation itself quaint. So some people think that he used an elegant word from faithfulness and expressiveness, but on the positive side, his attention

27、to translation text retouching it deserves our attention.3., please analyze the similarities and differences between Chinese and English in terms of psychology and culture.According to its nature, Chinese culture belongs to humanistic culture, and Western culture belongs to scientific culture.The co

28、ncrete expression is: 1) the Chinese people pay attention to the intuition and the concrete image, but the westerner stresses the reason and the logic. That is, Chinese embodies imagery, while English pays attention to functionality. People) such as A (sun) sub cool like feet apart, the image of man

29、 of indomitable spirit; rain (rain) the four word said raindrops; dress (attached to describe jacket skirt; overall skirt). Therefore, the Chinese image is vivid and vivid, and the vast majority of the corresponding English versions only show the function,Rarely have the image of the original text.

30、(B) Chinese love uses concrete figurative abstractions. Such as eating nibble (to) metaphor gradually encroach on, like silkworms eating mulberry leaves. Very influential (like the sun at high noon at the apex of ones; power, career, etc.); the rush (in a frantic rush) describe things without consec

31、ution panic. Therefore, for this kind of word, not float on the literal, but should understand its meaning. Translation, literal translation can reproduce the original image, let the reader with shared cultural knowledge to understand its meaning; translation can also be directly express meaning. (C

32、) Chinese quantifiers are also the embodiment of Chinese visualization.2) the Chinese are heavy and the westerners are heavy. Specific expressions are as follows: a) the meaning of Chinese is generally general, and the meaning of English is generally more specific. Here comes the bus! In car can ref

33、er to the bus (bus), can also refer to minibus, and can also refer to lorry and even taxi, in English but need to be classified, very clear expression. Again, the Chinese asked, did you have dinner yet? We often do not need to elaborate, because from the question of time will understand the question

34、er referred to. But if translated into English, you will need to clear up your breakfast (breakfast), lunch (lunch) and dinner (supper). (b) Chinese meanings are vague and English meanings are more accurate. Like, my mother is a good man. (My mom is a good woman.) Im starving. I mean, Im starving. L

35、ike that famine, my brother died of hunger. Starving means died of hunger in chinese.3) Chinese emphasis on ideas, English re form. Such as: the school invited a English teacher. He looked very strange, red, blonde. Analysis: the logical subject is quite strange should be foreign teachers, red refer

36、s to the teachers face is red, his hair is blond. Translation should not only be responsible, and to add the subject. So, you can translate: Our, Institute, employed, an, English, teacher., He, looked, very, strange-red-faced, and, golden-haired.Paragraph translation: (1)First impressions are often

37、lasting ones. Indeed, if you play your cards right, you can enjoy the benefits of what sociologists call the halo effect. This means that if youre viewed positively within the critical first few minutes, the person youve met will likely assume everything you do is positive.How you move and gesture w

38、ill greatly influence an interviewers first impression of you. In a landmark study of communications, psychologists discovered that seven percent of any message about our feelings and attitudes comes from the words we use, 38 percent from our voice, and a startling 55 percent from our facial expressions.(2) Beauty has a