SRS 安全氣囊和空調(diào)系統(tǒng)外文翻譯

1、本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）翻譯 英文原文名 srs airbag and air conditioning system 中文譯名 srs 安全氣囊和空調(diào)系統(tǒng) 系 別 汽車系 專業(yè)班級 車輛 班 學(xué)生姓名 指導(dǎo)教師 填表日期 二一一年3月英文原文版出處： 新編汽車專業(yè)英語 機械工業(yè)出版社 2009年1月第2版 譯文成績： 指導(dǎo)教師（導(dǎo)師組）簽名： 譯文：srs安全氣囊和空調(diào)系統(tǒng)短文 a：srs安全氣囊 安全氣囊被稱為輔助約束系統(tǒng)，現(xiàn)代的汽車已成為較為普遍使用。這個包本身是由一個薄和尼龍布做成，折疊于方向盤或儀表板，或者更近，還有座椅或車門之間。如果裝有安全氣囊，方向盤套和儀表板蓋將通常會包含單詞”

2、安全氣囊或”srs 氣囊”加蓋到他們。 該傳感器檢測信號的影響下，安全氣囊充氣。至少有兩個傳感器必須被激活，安全氣囊才會充氣。通常有五個傳感器：兩個散熱器下，一個在右側(cè)擋泥板圍裙，一個在左邊的擋泥板圍裙，同時在車廂通道罩（少數(shù)系統(tǒng)只使用兩個傳感器一個在散熱器的前面和另一個在乘客室里面）。傳感器之間有一個聯(lián)鎖，使兩個或兩個以上必須共同作用下才會觸發(fā)系統(tǒng)。安全氣囊系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計只部署在正面碰撞情況。 在srs安全氣囊充氣機包含了堅實的化學(xué)氣體發(fā)生器。固體化學(xué)品的安全儲存在srs安全氣囊模塊金屬腔里面。每個充氣都是密封的，防止有水分進入。srs 安全氣囊為了只部署在中度至大崩潰，而不應(yīng)部署在輕微的崩潰。

3、以下四個步驟說明如何在srs安全氣囊工作原理： 1。在碰撞，在汽車傳感器檢測突然減速。如果崩潰id嚴(yán)重不足，電力流向，造成充氣的氣體發(fā)生器點火。 2。氣體發(fā)生器然后迅速在金屬腔燃燒，快速燃燒產(chǎn)生的惰性氣體和粉塵量。充入的氣體和塵埃在安全氣囊的膨脹過程中冷卻和篩選。3。安全氣囊的膨脹裂開的裝飾蓋。安全氣囊然后迅速展開，并在乘客面前膨脹。 4。膨脹后，氣體通過通風(fēng)口或在安全氣囊打開編織領(lǐng)域排出。采取這些步驟要在幾分之一秒內(nèi)。安全氣囊放氣在一秒鐘之內(nèi)就應(yīng)該被推開，乘客就逃出來。如圖10 - 1 （安全氣囊是如何工作的） 注：crash sensor碰撞傳感器； inflator 氣體發(fā)生器；airb

4、ag安全氣囊；nitroger gas 氮氣 有一個普遍的誤解，安全氣囊提供軟墊，和將防止傷痕或其他低嚴(yán)重車禍中的受輕傷 ，這是不正確。srs 安全氣囊為了減少對嚴(yán)重崩潰中的頭胸的峰值負載 （這些死亡或長期在腦損傷有可能）。當(dāng)部署，安全氣囊是堅固的，但它吸收能量的氣體通過通風(fēng)口釋放。 雖然安全氣囊在撞車顯著減少嚴(yán)重或致命傷害的危險，還有來自于低速碰撞安全氣囊的發(fā)展中的一些風(fēng)險。由于這個原因，現(xiàn)代汽車使用的智能感應(yīng)功能的范圍，以確保真正發(fā)生崩潰（不只是在路上顛簸或在停車場小碰撞），并在尋找安全氣囊的最佳時機。這就可以減少了部署輕微碰撞安全氣囊的可能性。 新的 srs 安全氣囊系統(tǒng)前排乘客使用一個

5、字第一雙氣筒、 兩級部署的系統(tǒng)。系統(tǒng)有兩個單獨的充氣器可以激活分別或同時，取決于車輛行駛速度和其他因素，如是否該乘客系著安全帶。如果在較低速度的影響，充氣器激活一個后，另一個用于速度較慢的膨脹。較高的速度，這兩個充氣器同時激活快速、 有效的保護。如果系統(tǒng)檢測到系好安全帶時，通過調(diào)整安全氣囊通脹門檻轉(zhuǎn)速的影響最大和最小的風(fēng)險。 這srs安全氣囊也控制安全帶預(yù)緊器，在低速時它們關(guān)閉，為弱勢的乘客防止不必要的風(fēng)險，如老人。乘客感應(yīng)設(shè)備控制側(cè)安全氣囊的開發(fā)，以防止這些快速啟動系統(tǒng)的潛在傷害。 六個傳感器內(nèi)置前座乘客座位。其中一個檢測旅客的大小和另一種確定安全氣囊的發(fā)展路徑中是否有乘客的頭。如果傳感器檢

6、測其頭，一邊學(xué)習(xí)的孩子睡著了，側(cè)安全氣囊以防止安全氣囊部署停而使頭或頸部受傷。 更安全的 srs 安全氣囊控制，復(fù)雜的三點遙感設(shè)備已經(jīng)確定的強度、 方向和類型的影響。系統(tǒng)具有該車輛的每一側(cè)的中央的傳感器和兩個衛(wèi)星傳感器。這個系統(tǒng)是特別適合于區(qū)分打石壆輪胎的影響和強有力的影響。它會觸發(fā)適當(dāng)?shù)陌踩珰饽一虬踩珰饽摇?今后，我們將進一步擴大6個安全氣囊的車輛數(shù)目，加入側(cè)安全氣囊，保護區(qū)的手臂和胸部和簾式安全氣囊能夠保護頭部的側(cè)面碰撞。如圖10 - 2 圖10-2注：1、4簾式安全氣囊系統(tǒng);2、5側(cè)安全氣囊系統(tǒng)；3乘客安全氣囊系統(tǒng)；6駕駛者安全氣囊系統(tǒng)短文b：空調(diào)系統(tǒng) 車輛主要有三種不同類型的空調(diào)系統(tǒng)。

7、雖然每一個不同的三種類型的概念和設(shè)計是非常相像的。組成這些汽車系統(tǒng)最常見的組件如下： 壓縮機，冷凝器，蒸發(fā)器，膨脹閥，儲液干燥器等見如圖10 - 3。注：air conditioning system 空調(diào)系統(tǒng)；receiver-drier 儲液干燥器；condenser 冷凝器 compressor 壓縮機 expansion valve 膨脹閥； evaporator 蒸發(fā)器 壓縮機 通常被稱為系統(tǒng)的心臟，壓縮機的皮帶驅(qū)動泵，固定在發(fā)動機。負責(zé)制冷劑氣體的壓縮和傳輸?？纯匆粋€在圖10 - 4壓縮機的結(jié)構(gòu)。 注：piston 活塞；wobble plate 擋板； clutch 離合器在a

8、/ c系統(tǒng)分為兩個方面，一個高壓側(cè)和低壓側(cè)，定義為排放和抽吸。由于壓縮機基本上是一個泵，它必須有一進氣側(cè)和一排氣側(cè)。進氣側(cè)或者吸力側(cè)，吸引了制冷劑氣體來自蒸發(fā)器的出口。在某些情況下，它可以通過蓄電池來完成。 一旦制冷劑進入吸力面，它通過壓縮，然后發(fā)送到冷凝器，它可以轉(zhuǎn)移來自車輛內(nèi)吸收的熱量。 冷凝器 在汽車?yán)?，凝汽器與散熱器有相同的外觀，因為這兩個非常相似的功能。冷凝器，設(shè)計為輻射的熱量。它的位置通常是在散熱器的前方，但在某些情況下，由于到一個車身空氣動力學(xué)的改進，它的位置可能有所不同。冷凝器工作時，在任何時候都必須有良好的通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)。在后輪驅(qū)動的車輛，通常是通過利用現(xiàn)有的發(fā)動機冷卻風(fēng)扇的優(yōu)勢。

9、前輪驅(qū)動的車輛，冷凝器通過一個或多個電動冷卻風(fēng)扇給于補充氣流。 由于熱壓縮氣體進入冷凝器頂部，他們冷卻下來。當(dāng)氣體冷卻，就會凝結(jié)起來，作為一個高壓液體從底部走出。 蒸發(fā)器 位于車內(nèi)，蒸發(fā)器作為吸熱元件。蒸發(fā)器提供了多種功能。其主要職責(zé)是從你的車側(cè)換熱。第二個好處就是除濕。由于溫暖的空氣穿過冷卻器的蒸發(fā)器線圈的鋁鰭，包含在空氣中的水分凝結(jié)在其表面。通過管道和花粉一定通過其濕的表面，排出到外面。在潮濕的日子里，你可能已經(jīng)看到，你的車底會有滴水。放心，這是完全正常的。 蒸發(fā)器的理想溫度為0，制冷劑進入的蒸發(fā)器底部作為低壓液體。該警告通過空氣通過蒸發(fā)器翅片導(dǎo)致沸騰的制冷劑。當(dāng)制冷劑開始沸騰，它可以吸收

10、大量的熱量。然后這些熱量通過制冷劑帶走到車外的。其他幾個部件的工作與蒸發(fā)器配合使用。如上所述，對蒸發(fā)器盤管的理想溫度為0。溫度和壓力調(diào)節(jié)裝置必須用于控制其溫度。使用的設(shè)備雖然有許多的變異，但其主要職能是相同的; 保持蒸發(fā)器低壓和防止蒸發(fā)器凍結(jié) ；冰凍的蒸發(fā)器線圈不會吸收太多的熱量。 熱力膨脹閥 另一種常見的制冷劑調(diào)節(jié)器的熱膨脹閥。這類型的閥門可感應(yīng)到溫度和壓力，而且非常善于調(diào)節(jié)蒸發(fā)器的制冷劑流動的效率。這種閥門的幾種變化很常見。另外一個例子是克萊斯勒公司的“h座”類型的熱力膨脹閥。這種類型的閥門通常位于防火墻之間，蒸發(fā)器的進口和出口管與液體和吸線。閥門的這些類型，雖然高效率，有在管口管系統(tǒng)的某

11、一缺點。這些閥門可能變得阻塞與殘骸，而且有也許由于腐蝕的小移動的分割而發(fā)生故障。 儲液干燥器 儲液干燥器，在圖10 - 5所示，是使用一個偏高熱力膨脹閥的的系統(tǒng)。這種類型需要的計量閥的制冷劑液體。為了確保閥得到液體制冷劑，使用一個接收器。儲液干燥器的主要功能是獨立的氣體和液體。次要目的是去除濕氣和灰塵過濾掉。儲液干燥器通常有窺鏡在頂部,在正常工作狀態(tài)下，蒸氣泡影不應(yīng)該是可看見的在窺鏡。這窺鏡是常用的充電系統(tǒng)。窺鏡充電系統(tǒng)不建議使用在r-134a系統(tǒng)，因為冷凍劑分離了的云油，會誤以為是泡影。此種差錯可能導(dǎo)致一個高危險的情況。幾種不同的儲液干燥器和除濕材料正在使用中。一些去干燥劑發(fā)現(xiàn)與r-134a

12、不兼容。干燥劑的類型通常都貼于貯液的不干膠標(biāo)簽上標(biāo)識。更新的接收器干燥的用途更與濕類型xh-7和是與r-12和r-134a冷凍劑兼容。注：from condenser 來自于冷凝器filter strainer 過濾器drier 干燥器to expansion valve 到膨脹閥原文srs airbag and air conditioning systempassage a srs airbag airbag are known as supplemental restraint system（srs）and has become more common in modern cars. t

13、he bag itself is made of a thin, nylon fabric, which is folded into the steering wheel or dashboard or, more recently, the seat or door. if airbags are fitted, the steering wheel cover and dashboard cover will usually have the words airbag or srs airbag stamped into them. the sensors detect impact a

14、nd signal the airbag to inflate. at least two sensors must be activated for the airbag to inflate. there are usually five sensors: two at the radiator support, one at the right-hand fender apron, one at the left-hand fender apron, and one at the cowl in the passage compartment (a few system use only

15、 sensorsone in front of the radiator and anther in the passenger compartment). there is an interlock between the sensors, so that two or more must work together to trigger the system. the airbag systems are designed to deploy in case of frontal collisions only. the srs airbag inflator contains a sol

16、id chemical gas generator. the solid chemicals are safely stored in a metal chamber inside the srs airbag module. each inflator is sealed to keep out moisture. srs airbag are designed to deploy in moderate to major crashes only and should not deploy in minor crashes. the following four steps show ho

17、w the srs airbag works:1. in an impact, sensors in the car detect the sudden deceleration. if the crash id severe enough, electricity flows to the inflator and causes ignition of the gas generator.2. the gas generator then rapidly burns in the metal chamber. the rapid burning produces inert gases an

18、d amounts of dust. the insert gases and dust are cooled and filtered during inflation of the airbag.3. the inflating airbag splits open the trim cover. the airbag then rapidly unfolds and inflates in front of the occupant.4. after inflation, the gas is vented through openings or open weave areas in

19、the airbag. these steps take place in a fraction of a second. airbags deflate in under a second and may be pushed aside for occupants to exit. see fig.10-1there is a general misconception that airbags provide a soft cushion and will prevent bruising or other minor injuries in low severity crashesthi

20、s is incorrect. srs airbags are designed to reduce peak loads on the head chest in severe crashes (those where death or long term brain injury are possible). when deploying, the airbag is firm, but it absorbs energy as the gases are released through the vents.while airbags significantly reduce the r

21、isk of serious or fatal injury in crashes, there are some risks from the development of airbags in low speed crashes. for this reason modern cars use a range of intelligent sensing functions to ensure that a crash is really happening (not just a bump in the road or a minor knock in the car park) and

22、 to fire airbags at the best time. this reduces the likelihood of airbags deploying in minor crashes.the new srs airbag system uses a word-first dual inflator, two-stage deployment system for front passengers. the system has two separate inflators that can be activated separately or together, depend

23、ing on the vehicle speed and other factors, such as whether the passenger is wearing a seatbelt. in relatively low-speed impacts, the inflators are activated one after the other for slower inflation. at higher speeds, both inflators are activated simultaneously for quick, effective protection. the s

24、ystem detects if seatbelts are being worn, adjusting the airbag inflation threshold speed for maximum effects and minimum risk. this srs airbag also controls the seatbelt pretensioners, switching them off in low-speed accidents to prevent unnecessary risk to vulnerable passengers, such as the elderl

25、y. a passenger-sensing device control side airbag development to prevent potential injuries from these fast-activating systems.six sensors are built into the front passenger seat. one detects the size of the passenger, and another determines whether the passengers head is in the development path of

26、the airbag. if the sensors detect a child asleep with his/her head learning to one side, the side airbag is deactivated to prevent head or neck injuries from airbag deployment.for even safer srs airbag control, a sophisticated three-point sensing device has been developed to determine the strength,

27、direction and type of impact. the system has a central sensor and two satellite sensors on each side of the vehicle. this system is particularly suited to distinguishing between the impact of a tire hitting a kerb and a strong impact. it triggers only the appropriate airbag or airbags.in the future,

28、 we will further expand the number of vehicles equipped with 6 air bags by adding side airbags that protect the arm and chest areas and curtain airbags that protect the head area in side impacts. see fig.10-2fig.10-2 six-airbag position1/4 curtain airbag system 2/5side airbag system 3passenger airba

29、g system6driver airbag systempassage b air conditioning system vehicles have primarily three different types of air conditioning systems. while each of the three types differs, the concept and design are very similar to one another. the most common components which make up these automotive systems a

30、re the following: compressor, condenser, evaporator, expansion vale, and receiver-drier, etc. see fig10-3. compressor commonly referred to as the heart of the system, the compressor is a belt drive pump that is fastened to the engine. it is responsible for compressing and transferring refrigerant ga

31、s. see the structure of a compressor in fig.10-4. the a/c system is split into two sides, a high pressure side and a low pressure side; defined as discharge and suction. since the compressor is basically a pump, it must have an intake side and a discharge side. the intake, or suction side, draws in

32、refrigerant gas from the outlet of the evaporator. in some case it does this via the accumulator. once the refrigerant is drawn into the suction side, it is compressed and sent to the condenser, where it can then transfer the heat that is absorbed from the inside of the vehicle. condenser the conden

33、ser has much the same appearance as the radiator in the car since the two have very similar functions. the condenser is designed to radiate heat. its location is usually in front of the radiator, but in some cases, due to aerodynamic improvements to the body of a vehicle, its location may differ. co

34、ndensers must have good airflow anytime the system is in operation. on front wheel drive vehicles, this is usually accomplished by taking advantage of your existing engines cooling fan. on front wheel drive vehicles, condenser airflow is supplemented with one or more electric cooling fans. as hot co

35、mpressed gases are introduced into the top of the condenser, they are cooled off. as the gas cools, it condenses and goes out of the bottom of the condenser as a high-pressure liquid. evaporator located inside the vehicle, the evaporator serves as the heat absorption component. the evaporator provid

36、es several functions. its primary duty is to remove heat from the side of your vehicle. a secondary benefit is dehumidification. as warmer air travels through the aluminum fins of the cooler evaporator coil, the moisture contained in the air condenses on its surface. duct and pollen passing through

37、stick to its wet surface and drain off to the outside. on humid days you may have seen this as water dripping from the bottom of your vehicle. rest assured this is perfectly normal. the ideal temperature of the evaporator is 0. refrigerant enter the bottom of the evaporator as a low pressure liquid.

38、 the warn air passing through the evaporator fins causes the refrigerant to boil. as the refrigerant begins to boil, it can absorb large amounts of heat. this heat is then carried off with the refrigerant to the outside of the vehicle. several other components work in conjunction with the evaporator

39、. as mentioned above, the ideal temperature for an evaporator coil is 0. temperature and pressure regulating devices must be used to control its temperature. while there are many variations of devices used, their main functions are the same; keeping pressure in the evaporator low and keeping the eva

40、porator from freezing; a frozen evaporator coil will not absorb as much heat.thermal expansion valveanother common refrigerant regulator is the thermal expansion vale. this type of valve can sense both temperature and pressure, and is very efficient at regulating refrigerant flow to the evaporator.

41、several variations of this valve are commonly found. another example of a thermal expansion valve is chryslers “h block” type. this type of valve is usually located at the firewall, between the evaporator inlet and outlet tubes and the liquid and suction lines. these types of valves, although efficient, have some disadvantage over orifice tube systems. like orifice tubes these valves can become clogged with debris, but also have small moving parting that may stick and malfun