《三十六計(jì)》中英文對(duì)照

1、三十六計(jì)中英文對(duì)照孫子兵法三十六計(jì)(Thirty-Six Stratagems)乃兵家之經(jīng)典著作。語源于南北朝，成書于明清，是漢民族悠久文化遺產(chǎn)之一。古人學(xué)好三十六計(jì)，帶兵打勝券在握?，F(xiàn)代人習(xí) 之，在商場職場生活領(lǐng)域中，古為今用。而三十六計(jì)在外國也極受歡迎，今天就來學(xué)習(xí)下三十六計(jì)的中英文表達(dá)吧！第一套勝戰(zhàn)計(jì) Winning Stratagems第一計(jì)瞞天過海cross ing the sea un der camouflage備周則意??；常見則不疑。陰在陽之內(nèi)，不在陽之對(duì)。太陽，太陰。Mask your real goals, by using the ruse of a fake goal,

2、 un til the real goal is achieved. Tactically, this is known as an ope n fein t: in front of every one, you point west, whe n your goal is actually in the east.第二計(jì)圍魏救趙relieving the state of Zhao by besieging the state of Wei共敵不如分?jǐn)常粩酬柌蝗鐢酬?。When the enemy is too strong to be attacked directly, then att

3、ack something he holds dear. Know that he cannot be superior in all things. Somewhere there is a gap in the armour, a weak ness that can be attacked in stead.The idea here is to avoid a head-on battle with a strong en emy, and in stead strike at his weak ness elsewhere. This will force the strong en

4、 emy to retreat in order to support his weak ness. Battli ng aga inst the now tired and low-morale en emy will give a much higher cha nee of success.第三計(jì)借刀殺人killi ng some one with a borrowed knife敵已明，友示定，引友殺敵，不自出力，以損推演。When you do not have the means to attack your enemy directly, then attack using th

5、e strength of another. Trick an ally into attacking him, bribe an official to turn traitor, or use the enemys own stre ngth aga inst him.第四計(jì)以逸待勞wait ing at on es ease for the exhausted en emy困敵之勢(shì)，不以戰(zhàn)；損剛益柔。It is an advantage to choose the time and place for battle. In this way you know when and where

6、 the battle will take place, while your enemy does not. Encourage your enemy to expend his en ergy in futile quests while you con serve your stre ngth. When he is exhausted and con fused, you attack with en ergy and purpose.第五計(jì)趁火打劫lun deri ng a bur ning house敵之害大，就勢(shì)取利，剛決柔也。When a country is beset by

7、 internal conflicts, when disease and famine ravage the population, when corruption and crime are rampant, then it will be unable to deal with an outside threat. This is the time to attack.第六計(jì)聲東擊西making a feint to the east and attack ing in the west敵志亂萃，不虞，坤下兌上之象。利其不自主而取之。In any battle the element o

8、f surprise can provide an overwhelming advantage. Even when face to face with an enemy, surprise can still be employed by attacking where he least expects it. To do this you must create an expectati on in the en emys mind through the use of a feint.第二套 敵戰(zhàn)計(jì) Enemy Dealing Stratagems第七計(jì)無中生有creati ng so

9、meth ing out of nothing誑也，非誑也，實(shí)其所誑也。少陰，太陰，太陽。You use the same feint twice. Having reacted to the first and often the second feint as well, the enemy will be hesitant to react to a third feint. Therefore the third feint is the actual attack 第八計(jì)暗度陳倉catch ing your en emy with his guard dow n.adva ncing

10、 secretly by an unknown path示之以動(dòng)，利其靜而有主，“益動(dòng)而巽”。Deceive the enemy with an obvious approach that will take a very long time, while surprising him by taking a shortcut and sneak up to him. As the enemy concentrates on the decoy, he will miss you sn eak ing up to him.第九計(jì)隔岸觀火watching a fire from the othe

11、r side of the river陽乖序亂，陰以待逆。暴戾恣睢，其勢(shì)自斃。順以動(dòng)豫，豫順以動(dòng)。Delay entering the field of battle until all the other players have become exhausted fighting amongst themselves. Then go in at full strength and pick up the pieces.第十計(jì)笑里藏刀covering the dagger with a smile信而安之，陰以圖之。備而后動(dòng)，勿使有變。剛中柔外也。Charm and in gratiate

12、 yourself with your en emy. When you have gained his trust, move aga inst him in secret.第十一計(jì)李代桃僵aiming off substitute for the real thing勢(shì)必有損，損陰以益陽。Thereare circumsta nces in which you must sacrifice short-term objectives in order to gain the Ion g-term goal. This is the scapegoat strategy whereby so

13、me one else suffers the con seque nces so that the rest do not.第十二計(jì) 順手牽羊 picking up something in passing微隙在所必乘，微利在所必得。少陰，少陽。While carry ing out your pla ns be flexible eno ugh to take adva ntage of any opport unity that prese nts itself, however small, and avail yourself of any profit, however sligh

14、t.Attacking Stratagems 第三套：攻戰(zhàn)計(jì)第十三計(jì) 打草驚蛇 beating the grass to frighten the snake疑以叩實(shí)，察而后動(dòng)。復(fù)者，陰之媒也。Do someth ing un aimed, but spectacular (hitt ing the grass) to provoke a resp onse of the en emy (startle the sn ake), thereby givi ng away his pla ns or positi on, or just taunt him.Do something unusua

15、l, strange, and unexpected as this will arouse the enemys suspicion and disrupt his thinking. More widely used as Do not startle the snake by hitting the grass. An imprude nt act will give your positi on or inten ti ons away to the en emy.第十四計(jì)借尸還魂有用者，不可借；不能用者，求借。借不能用者而用之。匪我求童蒙，童蒙求我。Take an in stitut

16、i on, a tech no logy, a method, or even an ideology that has bee n forgotte n or discarded and appropriate it for your own purpose.Revive something from the past by giving it a new purpose or bring to life old ideas, customs, or traditions and reinterpret them to fit your purposes.第十五計(jì)調(diào)虎離山待天以困之，用人以誘

17、之，往蹇來返。Never directly attack an opp onent whose adva ntage is derived from its positi on. In stead lure him away from his positi on thus separati ng him from his source of stre ngth.第十六計(jì)欲擒故縱逼則反兵，走則減勢(shì)。緊隨勿迫，累其氣力，消其斗志，散而后擒，兵不血刃。需，有孚，光。Cornered prey will often mount a final desperate attack. To prevent

18、this you let the enemy believe he still has a chance for freedom.His will to fight is thus dampened by his desire to escape. When in the end the freedom is proven a falsehood the enemys morale will be defeated and he will surrender without a fight.第十七計(jì)拋磚引玉類以誘之，擊蒙也。Bait some one by making him believe

19、 he gains someth ing or just make him react to it (toss out a brick) and obta in someth ing valuable from him in retur n (get a jade gem).第十八計(jì) 擒賊擒王 capturing the ringleader first in order to capture all the follower摧其堅(jiān)，奪其魁，以解其體。龍戰(zhàn)于野，其道窮也。If the enemys army is strong but is allied to the commander on

20、ly by money, superstition or threats, then take aim at the leader.If the comma nder falls the rest of the army will disperse or come over to your side.If, however, they are allied to the leader through loyalty then beware, the army can continue to fight on after his death out of vengeance.第四套：混戰(zhàn)計(jì) Ch

21、aos Stratagems第十九計(jì)釜底抽薪 extract ing the firewood from un der the cauldro不敵其力，而消其勢(shì)，兌下乾上之象。Take out the leadi ng argume nt or asset of some one; steal some on es thun der. This is the very esse nce of in direct approach: in stead of attack ing en emys fighti ng forces, the attacks are directed against

22、his ability to wage war.第二十計(jì)混水摸魚乘其陰亂，利其弱而無主。隨，以向晦入宴息。Create confusion and use this confusion to further your own goals.第二十一計(jì)金蟬脫殼 存其形，完其勢(shì)；友不疑，敵不動(dòng)。巽而止蠱。Mask yourself. Either leave on es dist in ctive traits beh ind, thus beco ming incon spicuous, or masquerade as somethi ng or some one else.This strat

23、egy is main ly used to escape from en emy of superior stre ngth.第二十二計(jì)關(guān)門捉賊小敵困之。剝，不利有攸往。To capture your en emy, or more gen erally in fighti ng wars, to deliver the final blow to your en emy, you must pla n prude ntly if you want to succeed. Do not rush into acti on. Before you move in for the kill, f

24、irst cut off your enemys escape routes, and cut off any routes through which outside help can reach them.第二十三計(jì)遠(yuǎn)交近攻形禁勢(shì)格，利從近取，害以遠(yuǎn)隔。上火下澤。It is known that nations that border each other become enemies while nations separated by distance and obstacles make better allies.When you are the strongest in one

25、field, your greatest threat is from the second strongest in your field, not the strongest from another field.第二十四計(jì)假道伐虢兩大之間，敵脅以從，我假以勢(shì)。困，有言不信。Borrow the resources of an ally to attack a com mon en emy. Once the en emy is defeated, use those resources to turn on the ally that lent you them in the first

26、 place.第五套：并戰(zhàn)計(jì) Proximate Stratagems第二十五計(jì)偷梁換柱頻更其陣，抽其勁旅，待其自敗，而后乘之。曳其輪也。Disrupt the enemys formations, interfere with their methods of operations, change the rules in which they are used to following, go contrary to their standard training.In this way you remove the support ing pillar, the com mon link

27、 that makes a group of men an effective fight ing force.reviling/abusing the locust tree while pointing to the mulberry第二十六計(jì)指桑罵槐大凌小者，警以誘之。剛中而應(yīng)，行險(xiǎn)而順。To discipli ne, con trol, or warn others whose status or positi on excludes them from direct confron tati on; use an alogy and innuen do. Without direct

28、ly naming n ames, those accused cannot retaliate without reveali ng their complicity.第二十七計(jì)假癡不癲feig ning madn ess without beco ming insane寧偽作不知不為，不偽作假知妄為。靜不露機(jī)，云雷屯也。Hide beh ind the mask of a fool, a drunk, or a madma n to create con fusi on about your inten ti ons and motivati ons. Lure your opp onen

29、t into un derestimati ng your ability un til, overc on fide nt, he drops his guard. Then you may attack.第二十八計(jì)上屋抽梯removi ng the ladder after the en emy has climbed up the roof假之以便，唆之使前，斷其援應(yīng)，陷之死地。遇毒，位不當(dāng)也。With baits and decepti on s, lure your en emy into treacherous terra in. Then cut off his lines of

30、 com muni catio n and avenue of escape. To save himself, he must fight both your own forces and the eleme nts of n ature.第二十九計(jì)樹上開花utting artificial flowers on tree借局布勢(shì)，力小勢(shì)大。鴻漸于陸，其羽可以為儀也。Tying silk blossoms on a dead tree gives the illusi on that the tree is healthy. Through the use of artifice and d

31、isguise, make someth ing of no value appear valuable; of no threat appear dan gerous; of no use appear useful.第三十計(jì)反客為主turning from the guest into the host乘隙插足，扼其主機(jī)，漸之進(jìn)也。Usurp leadership in a situati on where you are no rmally subord in ate. In filtrate your target. In itially, prete nd to be a guest

32、 to be accepted, but develop from in side and become the owner later.第六套：敗戰(zhàn)計(jì) Desperate Stratagems第三十一計(jì)美人計(jì)using seductive wome n to corrupt the en emy兵強(qiáng)者，攻其將；將智者，伐其情。將弱兵頹，其勢(shì)自萎。利用御寇，順相保也。Send your enemy beautiful women to cause discord within his camp. This strategy can work on three levels.First, the

33、 ruler becomes so en amoured with the beauty that he n eglects his duties and allows his vigila nee to wane.Second, other males at court will beg in to display aggressive behaviour that in flames minor differe nces hin deri ng co-operati on and destro ying morale.Third, other females at court, motiv

34、ated by jealousy and envy, begin to plot intrigues further exacerbating the situation.第三十二計(jì)空城計(jì)rese nti ng a bold front to con ceal un prepared ne 虛者虛之，疑中生疑。剛?cè)嶂H，奇而復(fù)奇。When the enemy is superior in numbers and your situation is such that you expect to be overrun at any moment, then drop all pretense o

35、f military preparedness, act calmly and taunt the en emy, so that the en emy will think you have a huge ambush hidde n for them.It works best by acting calm and at ease whe n your en emy expects you to be ten se.第三十三計(jì)反間計(jì)owing discord among the en emy疑中之疑。比之自內(nèi)，不自失也。Un derm ine your en emys ability to

36、 fight by secretly caus ing discord betwee n him and his frien ds, allies, advisors, family, comma nders, soldiers, and populati on.While he is preoccupied settl ing internal disputes, his ability to attack or defe nd is compromised.第三十四計(jì)苦肉計(jì)deceivi ng the en emy by torturi ng on es own ma人不自害，受害必真。假真真假，間以得行。童蒙之吉，順以巽也。Prete nding