新課標(biāo)高考英語語法系列一 冠詞考點(diǎn)攻略

1、新課標(biāo)高考英語語法系列一 冠詞考點(diǎn)攻略標(biāo)綱解讀1. 名詞前不定冠詞a,an的選用;2. 不用冠詞的情況；3. 對冠詞與主謂一致的考查；4. 定冠詞與形容詞、分詞連用表一類人；5. 冠詞與姓氏的連用；6. 有無冠詞的意義及區(qū)別；7. 冠詞與such., so, how, what等詞的位置關(guān)系。命題規(guī)律1、五年高考考點(diǎn)分布考點(diǎn)年份泛指、類指特指、專指習(xí)語抽象名詞具體化專有名詞前的冠詞問題及其它7570257112774228750084304合計3530203102、對冠詞泛指、特指占多數(shù)；對習(xí)慣用法的考查是重點(diǎn)；冠詞的活用是難點(diǎn)。3、學(xué)習(xí)關(guān)鍵: 弄清句子中的單數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞；弄清

2、泛指、特指、類指、專指概念。熟悉概念泛指：是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。特指：是指在上文已提到的人或事物，或指被限制性修飾語在其后加以限定的人或事物。類指：是指具有共同性質(zhì)或典型特征的事物的一個類別。專指：是指類別中的一員或一部分具體事物。 a(n) 泛指單一、每一、任一事物 類指 上文提到過的人或事物單數(shù) 特指 被限制性修飾語所限定的人或事物名詞 說話雙方所默認(rèn)的人或事物 the 世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物 專指 類指 上文提到過的人或事物特指 被限制性修飾語所限定的人或事物 the 說話雙方所默認(rèn)的人或事物復(fù)數(shù)名詞和 專指不可數(shù)名詞 泛指的人或事物零冠詞 類指 考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)1 冠詞的特殊用法

3、1) it is surprise that as a government official you should go to church every sunday like a common citizen. a. the; a b. a; a c. the; the d. a; /2) one of the two brothers turned musician while the other became singer.a. a; a b. the; the c. a; the d. /; a迷津指點(diǎn)1）抽象名詞的具體化和物質(zhì)名詞的量化 像success, failure, sur

4、prise, joy, disappointment, pride, shame, honour, curiosity等抽象名詞可加不定冠詞以具體化，指“的人或物”； 物質(zhì)名詞可加不定冠詞或數(shù)量詞以量化。如：the conference is a great success. the hostess offered me a coffee.2) 具體名詞的抽象化 school, church, prison, hospital, bed, table, town等名詞在表示上學(xué)、做禮拜、坐牢、住院、臥床、進(jìn)餐、上街等含義時，所構(gòu)成的短語中不加冠詞；但若指具體的建筑物時，根據(jù)具體的語境需要加適當(dāng)

5、的冠詞或物主代詞。如：in prison在坐牢 at table 在進(jìn)餐 go to town 上街3）turn后跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)表示變成了從事某種職業(yè)的人時，常不加冠詞，若用become表此意時要加不定冠詞；as或though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，提至句首的表語若是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時，不加冠詞。如：child as/though my niece is, she can tell right from wrong. 4) man 意為人類，word意為消息時，其前不用冠詞。如：man is fighting a battle against pollution. word came that the

6、 two planes crashed.5) 表示打、抓住某人的某個部位時，常用hit/catch sb. +prep. +the +部位結(jié)構(gòu)。hit sb on the nose/ in the face; catch sb. by the arm/collar6) the +序數(shù)詞表排序；a/an+序數(shù)詞不表排序表示又一，再一。考點(diǎn)2 冠詞的習(xí)慣搭配1) the police have power to arrest an ill man by law.a. the; / b. a; / c. /; / d. the; the2) apples are sold by weight, an

7、d eggs are sold by dozen.a. /; the b. the; the c. the; a d. /; the迷津指點(diǎn)1) 當(dāng)名詞有后置定語時，其前多用定冠詞表特指，但若名詞后定語為下定義的句子或在后邊限制的范圍內(nèi)有無數(shù)個同類的人或物，而只涉及其中一個時，要用不定冠詞表泛指。如：the nobleman was struck by the beauty of the girl. a chemists shop is a shop where medicine is sold.2) 專有名詞、表示月份和季節(jié)的名詞前一般不加冠詞，但有限制性定語修飾時，要加定冠詞表特指。如:

8、the china of 1949 saw the founding of the peoples republic of china.this took place in the february of 2006.3) 有些不可數(shù)名詞如knowledge, collection, understanding等是由其動詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的，它們后面加of時，前面用不定冠詞a/an.如：他的新書是一部短篇小說集。his new book is a collection of short stories.4）不含普通名詞的純專有名詞前不用冠詞如：beijing, new york考點(diǎn)3 冠詞的位置1）不定

9、冠詞的特殊位置quite/rather+a/an+adj+單數(shù)名詞；what/such/half/+a/an+單數(shù)名詞；rather/so/as/too/however/how+adj.+a/an+單數(shù)名詞; many a/an+單數(shù)名詞：許多; not/a/an+單數(shù)名詞:不止一個。如:he is as great a man as ever lived. 他和從前的任何一個偉人一樣偉大。this dress is twice as expensive as that one. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換this dress is twice dress as that one.that was a quit

10、e extraordinary experience. that was experience. 2）定冠詞的特殊位置在名詞詞組中，定冠詞的位置一般放在最前面，但名詞詞組中如果有exactly, just, half, double, twice, all, both, off等修飾語時，定冠詞要放在這些詞后面。如：相同的顏色exactly the same color 就是這個地方j(luò)ust the right place故事的一半 half the story 雙倍的數(shù)量 double the amount考點(diǎn)4 常用短語中冠詞的使用1）與不定冠詞連用的習(xí)語。have a gift for;

11、 keep a diary; once in a while; at a loss; all of a sudden; do sb a favor; with a score of; at a distance; have a population of; a waste of; a collection of; go on a diet; a matter of；tell a lie; get a lift/ride; have a cold; have a word with2) 定冠詞用在某些固定詞組中。make the most of; in the habit of; not in

12、the least; in the distance; on the whole; the other day; for the time being; on the phone; on the spot; to tell the truth; by the way; at the same time; in the daytime; in the end; in the way; at the moment; go to the cinema; on the other hand;3) 與零冠詞連用的短語。pen and ink; master and servant; at noon/da

13、wn/ daybreak/dust/midnight/night; on second thoughts; come to light; take office; come to power; give birth to; in case of; come first; out of question/reach/breath/mind/control/ order; in use/danger/public/side by side/shoulder to shoulder/in place of/by law/ on board/ at war/every few days/catch f

14、ire/for certain高考鏈接一 、 冠詞1.（陜西卷6）what pity that you couldnt be there to receive prize! a a; ab the ; ac a ; thed the; the 2.（浙江卷2）i dont understand what the engineer means, but ive got rough idea of project plan.a. the; a b. 不填； the c. the；不填 d. a; the3.（重慶卷26）washing machines made by china have won

15、 _worldwide attention and haier has become _popular name.a. a; the b./;a c./;the d. the; a4.（北京卷33）the biggest whale is _ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9-story building.a. the; the b. a; a c. a; the d. the; a5.（全國卷ii 14）what i need is _ book that contains _ abc of

16、 oil painting.a. a；不填 b. the; 不填 c. the; an d. a; the6.（四川卷14）in order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language.a. the; a b. a; a c. the; the d. a; the7.（全國卷i 22）lets go to cinema-thatll take your mind off the problem for while. a. the; the b. the; a c. a; the d. a; a8.（江西卷25）some people fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world. a. /; the b. the; / c. an; the d. the; a 9.（遼寧卷26）this area expe