非謂語動(dòng)詞講解00338[學(xué)校材料]

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞: 1動(dòng)詞不定式 2動(dòng)名詞 3分詞( 現(xiàn)在分詞；過去分詞)概述：1.謂語動(dòng)詞：在句子中擔(dān)任謂語的動(dòng)詞2.非謂語動(dòng)詞：是動(dòng)詞的特殊形式，在句中可以作除謂語外的所有成分。它們不受主語人稱和數(shù)的限制，在句子中不能充當(dāng)謂語，但可以充當(dāng)句子的其他成分，并且有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。非謂語動(dòng)詞使用條件一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)主句（謂語動(dòng)詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下, 還有別的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)。She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her sea

2、t.動(dòng)詞不定式一動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)形式動(dòng)詞不定式是非謂語動(dòng)詞的一種，由不定式符號(to)加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。不定式的形式有五種：1一般式to do 例如：I like to read English.2進(jìn)行式to be doing 例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time.3完成式to have done 例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room.4被動(dòng)式to be done 例如：The work is to be done soon.5完成被動(dòng)式to have been done例如：The boy

3、 is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.二. 動(dòng)詞不定式的用法I.作主語 (1)不定式做主語時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語動(dòng)詞之前。To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.(2)注：常用it做形式主語，將to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It + 謂語 + to do It takes us an hour _to_ get there by bus.句型2：Its + n. + to do Its our duty _to_ help the poor

4、.It is a great enjoyment _to_ spend our holiday in the mountains.句型3： It is + adj + for sb to do sth（是形容事物的性質(zhì)的 ）It is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品質(zhì)的 ）It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me

5、 some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.II.作賓語接不定式做賓語I want to know this matter.I dont expect to meet you here(1)常見動(dòng)詞有：like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, forget, want, prepare, pretend, refuse, plan, afford, wis

6、h等They wanted _ _( get ) on the bus, didnt they? He said he wished _( be ) a professor.(2)it作形式賓語I find/feel to work with him interesting I find/feel it interesting to work with himSubject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider it+adj/n + to do sth. 1.We thought _ better _ _ start early. 2.Do you consider

7、_ _ better not _ _ go?3. I feel _ _ my duty _ _ change all that. 4.We think _ important _ _ obey the law.5.I know _ impossible _ _ finish so much homework in a day.(3)常跟疑問詞+不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞:tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain, know, discover, He taught us how to use the too

8、l. No one could tell me where to get the book.I havent decided whether to go or stay. 下列詞接動(dòng)名詞和不定式均可，但意義不同的動(dòng)詞：stop to do 停下來去做 stop doing 停止做forget to do 忘記要做 forget doing 忘記做過remember to do 記得要做 remember doing 記得做過regret to do 遺憾要做 regret doing 后悔做過try to do 企圖做，盡力做 try doing 試著做go on to do 繼續(xù)做（另一件事

9、） go on doing 繼續(xù)做（同一件事）mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做1 In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ _ for another hour.A waiting B to waiting C wait D to be waiting2 Boys, dont forget _ _ the windows before you leave the classroom.A. closingB. closedC. to closingD. to close3 She reached the top of

10、the hill and stopped _ _ on a big rock.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest4 Remember _ _ the lights when you leave the office.A. to turn offB. turning offC. turn offD. to turning off(4)在cannot but, cannot choose/help but 之后接不帶to的不定式I have no choice but _to wait_.（wait）“前有do,后無to”I cant do a

11、nything but _go_ (go )out with her.III.作賓語補(bǔ)足語1. Ill get someone _ _ repair the recorder for you. 2. What caused him _ _ change his mind? advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage, force, get, hate, invite , order, wish , want, warn, remind, promise, permit, persuade, request+sb. to do注意：（1）在

12、動(dòng)詞feel （一感），hear, listen to（二聽），have, let, make（三讓），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室兩廳一感覺)等后面的補(bǔ)足語中，不定式不帶to，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)后，必須帶to。如：They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.(2)help后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式可以帶to,也可以不帶to.I often help him （to）clean the room. I helped him (to)

13、 find his things. He is often heard _(sing) the song. Though he often made his deskmate _(cry), today he was made _(cry) by his deskmate.IV作定語 I have something to tell you. (不定式作定語)1)不定式與它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 Do you have anything to wash today?2)不定式用來說明所修飾詞的內(nèi)容 I have no chance to go there.3)被修飾詞是不定式的邏輯主語 She

14、is always the last to leave the room.4)不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞且和所修飾的名詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，須加介詞 1.The house is not big enough for us all_ _.A. to live inB. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in2. Would you please pass me the knife _ _?A. to cut the fruit withB. to cut the fruit C. cutting the fruitD. cutting the fruit wit

15、h3.I have something important to say. Please find a piece of paper to write on （寫上）4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen to write with （寫）V.作狀語 不定式作狀語可以表示目的、原因、結(jié)果。I came here to see youWe were very excited to hear the newsHe hurried to the school to find nobody there. 對比To lear

16、n English well, he needs a good dictionary.To learn English well, a good dictionary is needed.To get there in time, he told me to get up early.不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義I have something important to do. In the accident, the driver was to blame.This question is difficult to answer. The box is not easy to carry.

17、動(dòng)名詞一. 動(dòng)名詞的基本構(gòu)成：動(dòng)詞+ing。具有動(dòng)詞和名詞的性質(zhì)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been doneNo one likes being laughed at.I dont remember having ever been given a chance to do it.二.動(dòng)名詞的用法 Smoking does great harm to peoples health.（作主語） My job is looking after children.（作表語） I have finished reading the

18、novel.（作賓語） We have got a swimming pool in our school.（做定語）注意：下列動(dòng)詞后只能用動(dòng)名詞：admit, advise, suggest, avoid, consider, delay, deny, excuse, finish, imagine, include, keep(on), mind, , practice, miss, resist.e.g.He finished reading the novel in two days.I am considering going there by bicycle.I suggested

19、 putting off the meeting till next Wednesday.I am sorry to miss catching the first bus.下列詞組后只能用動(dòng)名詞：be/get used to ,cant help/stop, cant stand , give up, feel like, look forward to, get down to, have difficulty/trouble (in),be busy (in),put off,pay attention to, insist on等等。 e.g.He has been used to l

20、iving I the city after so many years have passed.I dont like going to see the film now.She sat there without _ _ (speak) I look forward to_ _ (see) him again.Are you used to _ _ (live) there alone? When my father heard the news, he couldnt help _ _ (laugh).I dont feel like _ _ (go) to see the film.

21、He was busy _ _ (prepare) his lessons主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)（1） 主語+be(well) worth+doing 某事很值得一做（2） 主語+need/want/require + doing 某事需要被做=主語 + need/want/require to be doneThe TV program is well worth watching.The bike needs repairing immediately.=The bike needs to be repaired immediately. The room wants _ _ (clean). The

22、 method needs _ _ (improve). This pair of shoes require _ _ (mend). The problem needs_ (work out). The question is well worth _ _ (discuss)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞前可以加一個(gè) 物主代詞或 名詞所有格來表示 這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語 ，構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)或動(dòng)名詞短語Nixons visiting China marked a new year between U.S. and China diplomatic relations. Their coming t

23、o help was a great encouragement to us.分詞1、 分詞的構(gòu)成 現(xiàn)在分詞 一般時(shí)：表示和謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。分詞 完成時(shí)：表示在謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 過去分詞：表示被動(dòng)的或已完成的動(dòng)作。e.g.Hearing the news, we all jumped with joy.Having studied in the university for 4 years, he knows the place very well.Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Gang finally gave up sm

24、oking.He always has his hair cut every three weeks.（一） 分詞的作用 現(xiàn)在分詞表示：主動(dòng)，動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。過去分詞表示：被動(dòng)，動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。1作定語Do you know the boy standing at the gate?Have you read the book written by Lu Xun？2作表語We are excited at the news.The news he told us is exciting.3作賓語補(bǔ)足語I heard him singing a song in the classroom.We fo

25、und the ground covered with snow.4作狀語While lying in bed, he listened to some music.Seen from the hill, the village looks move beautiful.分詞作狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，否則分詞前面必須有自己的主語。現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞在作狀語的區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動(dòng)完成1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. (Seeing/seen) fr

26、om the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldnt help crying.(When they heard the bad news)3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. (If they had been given more attention)4. I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.Being so angry, he

27、couldnt go to sleep. (Because he was so angry)They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. (and they were singing laughing)To serve the people well, I study hard. (In order to serve the people well)（二）分詞的時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞分一般式和完成式，而過去分詞則沒有時(shí)態(tài)形式的變化?，F(xiàn)在分詞的一般式表示動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，或在謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生。例如：Knowing his uncle woul

28、d come, he began to make some preparations.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)，表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前,常用作狀語。例如：Having finished his homework, he went to bed.（三）現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式被動(dòng)一般式 being done 被動(dòng)完成式 having been doneThis is one of the new supermarkets being built in our city. Having been told many times, he was able to operate the machine

29、.（四）分詞的否定形式分詞的否定式，由not+分詞構(gòu)成，例如：Not having heard the news. I wrote to him again.Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help.（五）分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時(shí)，帶邏輯主語的分詞短語成為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句法功能上起狀語作用。例如：Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum.The meeting being

30、over, they all left the room.Given more time, we could do it better.The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.She stood there, book in hand.Everybody at home, we sat down to dinner.由There being +主語 這種結(jié)構(gòu)多表示原因。例如：There being a lot of books to read, he often studied till midnight.因?yàn)橛?/p>

31、許多書要讀，他經(jīng)常學(xué)習(xí)到深夜。with + 復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)（1） with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 形容詞 Dont speak with your mouth full.（2） with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 副詞 The square looks more beautiful than ever with the lights on.（3） with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 介詞短語 He was asleep with his head on his arms.（4） with + 名詞 / 代詞 + -ing分詞She felt very nervous with so many pe

32、ople looking at her.With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains.（5） with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 不定式 With five minutes to go before the last train left, we arrived here.（6） with + 名詞 / 代詞 + -en分詞 With his matter settled, we left the room.非謂語真題練習(xí)1【全國卷II】 Tony lent me the money, _ that Id do as

33、 much for him.A. hopingB. to hopeC. hopedD. having hoped 2【全國卷II】 The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy_ anything that happened to be on.A. to watchB. watchingC. watchedD. to have watched 3【安徽】24. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the li

34、ghts. A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked 4【安徽】30. When for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked 5【重慶】23. _to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. A. Having b

35、een asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked6【重慶】28. Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _at the meeting will influence the future of our company.A. to be made B. being madeC. made D. having been made 7【全國】28. The party will be held in the garden, weather .A. permitting B. to p

36、ermit C. permitted D. permit 8【全國】32. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music and painting.A. having compared to B. comparing toC. compare to D. compared to 9【北京】23. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcti

37、ng 10【北京】27. _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use 11【北京】31. _ at the door before you enter my room, please.A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked D. To knock 12【福建】28. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing

38、boats from _ in the South China Sea. A. attacking B. having attacking C. being attacked D. having been attacked 13【福建】34. Pressed from his parents, and _ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized 14【陜西

39、】15. _ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.A. Standing B. To stand C. Stood D. Stand 15【陜西】22. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge.A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet 16【山東】26. George returned after the war, only _ that h

40、is wife had left him.A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told 17【山東】35. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _.A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide 18【湖南】21. Weve had a good start, but next, more work needs _ to achieve the final succe

41、ss.A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do 19【湖南】23. Time, _ correctly, is money in the bank.A. to use B. used C. using D. use 20【湖南】31. The lecture, _ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.A. starting B. being starting C. to start D. to be started 21【天

42、津】11. He got up late and hurried to his office, _ the breakfast untouched.A. left B. to leave C. leaving D. having left 22【江西】33. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _ to the new students.A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken 23【江西】35. John has really got

43、the job because he showed me the official letter _ him it.A. offered B. offering C. to offer D. to be offered 24【遼寧】25. The old couple often take a walk after super in the park with their pet dog _.A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows 25【遼寧】29. This machine is very easy _. Anybody can le

44、arn to use it in a few minutes.A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate 26【四川】6. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _ his plane high up in the sky.A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found 27【四川】8. I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its brea

45、kfast.A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound 28【四川】12. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _.A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash 29【浙江】3. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when its better _ silent.A. remain B. be remaining C. having remained D. to

46、remain 30【浙江】8. I think Tom, as the head of a big department, should either study regularly or _ his job.A. quits B. to quit C. quitting D. quit 31【浙江】11. “Its such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table _ for customers.A. to be reserved B. having reserved C. reserving D. reserved 32【江蘇】

47、31. _ an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it soon or later.A. Based B. Basing C. Base D. To base 1-5 AABBA 6-10 AADDC 11-15 ACAAD 16-20 ABCBA 21-25 CCBBD26-30 BCADD 31-32 DBLesson 20 Pioneer pilots 飛行員的先驅(qū)一、【Text】課文In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of 1000 to

48、the first man who would fly across the English Channel. Over a year passed before the first attempt was made. On July 19th, 1909, in the early morning, Hubert Latham took off from the French coast in his plane the Antoinette IV. He had travelled only seven miles across the Channel when his engine fa

49、iled and he was forced to land on the sea. The Antoinette floated on the water until Latham was picked up by a ship.Two days later, Louis Bleriot arrived near Calais with a plane called No. XI. Bleriot had been making planes since 1905 and this was his latest model. A week before, he had completed a

50、 successful overland flight during which he covered twenty-six miles. Latham, however did not give up easily. He, too, arrived near Calais on the same day with a new Antonette. It looks as if there would be an exciting race across the Channel. Both planes were going to take off on July 25th, but Lat

51、ham failed to get up early enough. After making a short test flight at 4.15 a.m., Bleriot set off half an hour later. His great flight lasted thirty seven minutes. When he landed near Dover, the first person to greet him was a local policeman. Latham made another attempt a week later and got within

52、half a mile of Dover, but he was unlucky again. His engine failed and he landed on the sea for the second time.Lesson 21 Daniel Mendoza 丹尼爾門多薩一、【Text】課文Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago. In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for Prize money. Because of this, th

53、ey were known as prizefighters. However, boxing was very crude, for there were no rules and a prizefighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match. One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza who was born in 1764. The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860 when the Marquis