面板色彩的實現(xiàn)

1、2015/02/05 Confidential 面板色彩的實現(xiàn)面板色彩的實現(xiàn) 2 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. 大綱大綱 p色彩基本知識 p面板色彩要素 l 光源 l CF l Gamma p面板常見光學量測 3 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. p色彩基本知識 4 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. 光的特性光的特性 5 Copyright 2013 Taiw

2、an Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. CMOS-clock inverter 6 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. 色知覺理論 三原色說(Young, Helmholtz): 人眼內含有三種感受紅(R)，綠(G)，藍(B)色彩的受光器，色覺是由各 受光器對光產(chǎn)生的應答 對立色說(Hering): 人眼內含有三種感受紅綠(RG)，黃藍(YB)，白黑(W-K)色彩的受光器，色覺 是由各受光器對光產(chǎn)生的應答 階段說(Adams,Goth etc.):網(wǎng)膜上產(chǎn)生之應答會因網(wǎng)膜厚度方向位置而

3、有所不同，錐狀細胞的初期階 段為三原色應答，後期階段轉換為對立色應答。人眼並非在三原色應答與對立色應答之間作一選擇， 而是最初以三原色應答感覺色彩，再變換成為對立色應答後傳入腦部 7 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. PCCS色立體模型Munsell色立體模型 8 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. 色光加法混色 一次色一次色 R, G, B 二次二次色色 C, M, Y 三次三次色色 W 9 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Di

4、splay Inc. All Rights Reserved. 什麼是什麼是 Gamma Gamma 值值？ 色彩科學遇到第一個專有名詞通常就是Gamma值，或稱 Gamma曲線。 人眼對灰度變化的感覺比對色調變化的感覺來得敏銳人眼對灰度變化的感覺比對色調變化的感覺來得敏銳 人眼對低亮度變化的感覺比對高亮度變化的感覺來得敏銳人眼對低亮度變化的感覺比對高亮度變化的感覺來得敏銳 10 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. 反射曲線反射曲線 物體的色彩大多取決於物體反射的光線波長組成 反射曲線（reflectance curv

5、e） 11 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. 光學顏色混合（optical color mixing） 新印象派，點描畫 （Georges Seurat 秀拉，1886, Art Institute of Chicago ） Sunday Afternoon on the Island of la Grande Jatte 12 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. 配色函數(shù)配色函數(shù) RGB 配色函數(shù)由“配色實驗”求得 13 Copyright

6、 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. 原刺激原刺激R,G,B定義為定義為:R=700.0 nm，G =546.1 nm，B=435.8 nm的單色光基礎刺激為的單色光基礎刺激為 等能量光譜的白色刺激等能量光譜的白色刺激。 這時，原刺激這時，原刺激R,G,B的亮度係數(shù)關係為的亮度係數(shù)關係為1.0000 : 4.5907 : 0.0601(光度量單位光度量單位) 14 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. 三刺激值計算 15 Copyright 2013 Taiwan

7、Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. CIE xy 色度圖 x + y + z =1 幾種英文的稱呼 chromaticity coordinates chromaticity diagram 16 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. 黑體軌跡(blackbody locus) 其他的稱呼 Absolute Temperature (Kelvin) Color Temperature (CT,色溫) Corrected Color Temperature (CCT) Isotemperat

8、ure line (等色溫線) 17 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. 色溫特性色溫特性 18 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. p面板色彩要素 光源 19 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. Backlight Structure Side-lit LED Backlight LED 20 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. Al

9、l Rights Reserved. LED特性特性 21 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. LED發(fā)光效率進展發(fā)光效率進展 22 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. LED種類種類 23 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. LED 發(fā)光原理發(fā)光原理 24 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved.

10、LED 驅動電路驅動電路 25 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. p面板色彩要素 CF 26 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. 彩色光片的畫素排 27 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. 彩色光片的剖面構造 28 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. Black Matrix Black Ma

11、trix ( BM ) Black Matrix ( BM ) 用途用途 改善色彩對比值 減少外光的反射使視認性增加 避免TFT 之光電子 Black MatrixBlack Matrix的需求的需求 低在可光區(qū)的反射, 並求接近純黑色 高的光學密( OD 值) 低膜厚 29 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. 光的穿透(Optical Density) 30 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. 反射的物意義 31 Copyright 2013

12、 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. Array / Color Filter 相對位置 32 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. 位置確(Position Accuracy) 33 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. Temperature Effect in Exposure T high T Low 曝光時曝光結果 34 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. A

13、ll Rights Reserved. 黑色陣圖案(BM)的線寬/開口 35 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. CF with Photo-Spacer 36 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. Spectrum Profile of Back-Light 37 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. Spectrum Profile of Color-Filter 38

14、 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. Spectrum Profile of Back-Light Transmit through Color-Filter 39 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. Definition of NTSC Ratio NTSC標準座標值 40 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. p面板色彩要素 Gamma 41 Copyright 20

15、13 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. Gamma的定義的定義 Gamma describes the nonlinear relationship between pixel values and luminance. LCD 顯示器的要求 7500K的光源Gamma =2.2 42 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. Gamma的定義的定義 Gamma describes the nonlinear relationship between pixel values

16、and luminance. LCD 顯示器的要求: Gamma =2.2 43 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. 灰階灰階Level定義定義 灰階128比192暗,此時人 眼的敏感性較強。 所以若以128灰階調整 Flicker,灰階192時就更不 容易看出 44 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. LCD面板+LC特性 穿透度 電壓 電壓 數(shù)位訊號 穿透度 數(shù)位訊號 Gamma = 2.2 + 45 Copyright 2013 Taiw

17、an Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. 灰階的產(chǎn)生灰階的產(chǎn)生 28=256階 00000000 00010001 01101011 10100110 = 0 = 17 = 107 = 166 46 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. 灰階的產(chǎn)生灰階的產(chǎn)生 如果有一階壞了 10100110 47 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. p面板常見光學量測 48 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Displa

18、y Inc. All Rights Reserved. 標準照明體與輔助標準照明體 1.標準照明體/標準光源 標準照明體A和標準光源A (CCT=2856K) 標準照明體C和標準光源C (CCT=6774K) 標準照明體D65和常用光源D65 (CCT=6500K) 2. 輔助標準光/輔助標準光源 輔助標準照明體B (CCT=6874K) 輔助標準照明體D50, D55, D75 (CCT=5003,5503,7504K) 49 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. 50 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Di

19、splay Inc. All Rights Reserved. 51 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. 52 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. 53 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. 54 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. 55 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display

20、 Inc. All Rights Reserved. 均勻度量測均勻度量測 Uniformity 56 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. 黑白對比值量測黑白對比值量測 (全全畫面畫面) Contrast Ratio 57 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved. 黑白對比值量測黑白對比值量測 (西洋棋西洋棋 Checkerboard) 58 Copyright 2013 Taiwan Display Inc. All Rights Reserved.