國際貿(mào)易實務(wù) Arbitration英文課件完整版

1、LOGO 國際貿(mào)易實務(wù)國際貿(mào)易實務(wù) Arbitration Learning Objectives vUnderstand the definition and the characteristics of Arbitration vLearn the importance and contents of arbitration agreement or clause Contents Section 1 Definition of Arbitration Section 2 Characteristic of arbitration Section 3 Forms of Arbitratio

2、n Agreement Section 4 Functions of Arbitration Agreement Section 5 Elements of Arbitration Agreements Section 6 Arbitration clause in a contract When disputes arise between the seller and the buyer, there are four ways to settle down in sequence: negotiation, conciliation, arbitration and litigation

3、. Friendly negotiation and conciliation are the most popular ways in the process of dispute settlement, which are able to maintain friendship between the exporter and the importer. When negotiation and do not work, should the two parties turn to and . Litigation, a process in law instituted by one p

4、arty to another to do him justice is usually costly and time-consuming. Compared with litigation, arbitration is a better alternative. In this section, we are going to have a further introduction on arbitration. conciliation n. 安撫安撫,撫慰撫慰,懷柔懷柔 conciliation arbitration n. 仲裁仲裁,公斷公斷 arbitration litigat

5、ion n. 訴訟訴訟,起訴起訴 litigation compel v. 強迫強迫,迫使迫使 compel Arbitration refers to that the two parties, before or after the disputes arise, reach a written agreement that they will submit the disputes which cannot be settled through amicable negotiations to a third party for arbitration.Both parties shal

6、l settle the disputes complying with the result of arbitration as the arbitration result has legally force. Section 1 Definition of Arbitration bind v. 綁綁,約束約束,裝訂裝訂 binding 1. An arbitral body composing of dignitaries or experts in the field is set to settle trade disputes, neither a governmental po

7、wer nor with a coercive jurisdiction. The settlement of the case is based on the will of both parties involved. 2. The parties involved shall sign an arbitral agreement before resorting to arbitration.The parties involved are granted with the right to choose the arbitrators. 3. Arbitration is simple

8、r in procedures, less costly and time consuming than litigation. 4. An arbitral verdict has a legally binding force,and is usually final, and binding upon both parties. Section 2 Characteristic of arbitration Section 3 Forms of Arbitration Agreement vThere are two forms for arbitration agreement: 1.

9、Arbitration Clause: the arbitration agreement concluded before the dispute,agreeing to settle the possible disputes through arbitration.Such agreement is generally included in the relevant sales contract as one clause of the contract. 2.The agreement for arbitration:It is concluded by both patries i

10、nvolved after the dispute, agreeing to settle the dispute through arbitration. Section 4 Functions of Arbitration Agreement 1.The both parties involved are bound to the arbitration agreement.When a dispute arises, it shall be settled through arbitration, instead of resorting to litigation.If one par

11、ty files a suit at the court, the other party has right to require the court to stop the proceedings of the case. 2. If one party breaches the arbitration agreement and has resorts to the court at its own will, the other party may require the court to refuse the case according to the arbitration agr

12、eement, and brings the case to the arbitral tribunal for judgment.An arbitration agreement can exclude the jurisdiction of court effectively. 3.The arbitration tribunal or arbitrator is granted the jurisdiction of the case concerning the dispute. Arbitration clauses in the contract will usually incl

13、ude the following terms: Section 5 Elements of Arbitration Agreements 1. The arbitration body There are two forms of arbitration: institutional arbitration and ad hoc arbitration. The arbitration body can be a temporary organized body for specific arbitration and which is when the arbitration is ove

14、r, or it may be a permanent arbitration body, such as the Arbitration Court of International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), the London Court of Arbitration, and American Arbitration Association and so on. dismiss v. 解散解散,開除開除 dismissed In our country, the China International Economic and Trade Arbitrati

15、on Commission (CIETAC) in Beijing, and its chapters in Shenzhen and Shangha Section 5 Elements of Arbitration Agreements 2. Place of arbitration The place of arbitration will decide which arbitration rules or laws are applicable. The arbitration place can be anywhere in the sellers country, the buye

16、rs country or a third country. The concerned parties always try to choose a place of arbitration they know well. Section 5 Elements of Arbitration Agreements The arbitration clause will stipulate how arbitration is to apply, to work, how arbitrators are to be appointed, and how the case will be hear

17、d. We can divide the procedures into several steps: (1)application for arbitration; (2)composition of arbitration tribunal; (3)hearing; (4)award. 3. Arbitration procedures & Rules Section 5 Elements of Arbitration Agreements 5. Arbitration fees An award is the decision made by the arbitration tribun

18、al. It must be in written form with or without explanations or reasons. An arbitration clause must provide that the arbitral award is final, which is the of excluding the of litigation of courts by the arbitration clause. If an arbitration clause doesnt conclude that the arbitral award is final, CIE

19、TAC will not accept the case. incarnation n. 賦予肉體賦予肉體,具人形具人形,化身化身 incarnation jurisdiction n. 司法權(quán)司法權(quán),審判權(quán)審判權(quán),管轄權(quán)管轄權(quán) jurisdiction 4. Arbitration award Generally, the arbitration clause shall provide that the arbitration fees shall be borne by the losing party. Section 6 Arbitration clause in a contrac

20、t The following is an example of arbitration clause in a contract: Example: “All disputes in connection with the contract or the execution thereof shall be settled through friendly negotiations. In case no settlement can be reached through negotiations, the case should then be submitted for arbitrat

21、ion to the Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade. The decision rendered by the said Commission shall be final and binding upon both parties. The arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing party.” Notes 返回 1. Ad hoc arbitration: 臨時仲裁制度, 臨

22、時仲裁制度是解決商事糾紛的一項 非常重要的制度,經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展 機構(gòu)仲裁的不足和網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的發(fā)展使得 臨時仲裁得到世界上多數(shù)國家的認(rèn)同 臨時仲裁,強調(diào)自然公正 自由 和效率的兼顧 2. The China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CIETAC):中國國際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易仲裁委員會,原名中國國際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)委員會 對外貿(mào)易仲裁委員會,后名中國國際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)委員會對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易仲裁 委員會,現(xiàn)名中國國際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易仲裁委員會(以下簡稱仲裁委員會),以仲 裁的方式,獨立 公正地解決契約性或非契約性的經(jīng)濟(jì)糾紛 Case 1 我國某外貿(mào)公司

23、于某外商簽訂一份出口合同，合 同中的仲裁條款訂明仲裁地點為北京，后來發(fā)生 交貨品質(zhì)糾紛，外商不愿到北京仲裁，于是在當(dāng) 地法院起訴，當(dāng)?shù)胤ㄔ合蛭彝赓Q(mào)公司寄來傳票。 問：我國公司應(yīng)如何應(yīng)對？ 答：我國公司可以不去出庭應(yīng)訴，將傳票退還給外 國法院，指出其對該案件是沒有管轄權(quán)的，將爭 議案件交由北京仲裁庭裁決。 分析：我國公司與外商的出口合同中明確有以雙方 自愿為基礎(chǔ)的仲裁，外商不但不遵守，且在當(dāng)?shù)?法院起訴。根據(jù)仲裁的作用，外商的做法違背了 仲裁協(xié)議，是無理論依據(jù)的，故我國公司可以將 傳票退還給外國法院，指出其對該案件沒有管轄 權(quán)，堅持該案件由北京仲裁庭裁斷。 case 2 19911991年年12

24、12月月2828日，中國某進(jìn)出口公司向美國某開發(fā)公司訂購日，中國某進(jìn)出口公司向美國某開發(fā)公司訂購90009000噸鋼材，后因美噸鋼材，后因美 國某開發(fā)公司元力履行合同，美方提出由瑞士某公司（下稱瑞士公司）供貨。這國某開發(fā)公司元力履行合同，美方提出由瑞士某公司（下稱瑞士公司）供貨。這 期間瑞士公司曾經(jīng)幾次來電謊稱期間瑞士公司曾經(jīng)幾次來電謊稱“貨已在裝船港待運貨已在裝船港待運 ，“裝船日期為裝船日期為19921992年年3 3月月 3131日日 ，“所供鋼材可能由我們意大利生產(chǎn)廠或西班牙生產(chǎn)廠交貨所供鋼材可能由我們意大利生產(chǎn)廠或西班牙生產(chǎn)廠交貨 ，誘使中方與，誘使中方與 其簽訂合同，雙方約定的購銷

25、鋼材數(shù)量為其簽訂合同，雙方約定的購銷鋼材數(shù)量為91809180噸，價噸，價229.5229.5萬美元。萬美元。 中方即時向瑞士公司匯付了全部貨款，但是中方遲遲未收到訂購的鋼材。為中方即時向瑞士公司匯付了全部貨款，但是中方遲遲未收到訂購的鋼材。為 此中方曾多次向瑞士公司方交涉，但瑞士公司方面或者拒不答復(fù)，或者以種種借此中方曾多次向瑞士公司方交涉，但瑞士公司方面或者拒不答復(fù)，或者以種種借 口托辭搪塞。經(jīng)中方一再催促之后瑞士公司才于口托辭搪塞。經(jīng)中方一再催促之后瑞士公司才于19921992年年9 9月月5 5日回電稱日回電稱“中國港口中國港口 擁擠，船舶將改變航線擁擠，船舶將改變航線 ，“最遲抵達(dá)日

26、期預(yù)計為最遲抵達(dá)日期預(yù)計為19921992年年1010月月2020日日 。但屆時中方。但屆時中方 仍未收到鋼材，再次去電交涉，瑞方竟然全盤推卸自己的責(zé)任。仍未收到鋼材，再次去電交涉，瑞方竟然全盤推卸自己的責(zé)任。 事后查明，瑞士公司在意大利和西班牙既無鋼廠，也無鋼材；瑞方所提供的事后查明，瑞士公司在意大利和西班牙既無鋼廠，也無鋼材；瑞方所提供的 意大利卡里奧托鋼廠的鋼材質(zhì)量檢驗證書重量證書及裝箱單均系偽造。瑞方提交意大利卡里奧托鋼廠的鋼材質(zhì)量檢驗證書重量證書及裝箱單均系偽造。瑞方提交 的提單上的裝運船的提單上的裝運船“阿基羅拉阿基羅拉 號號19921992年根本未在提單載明的裝運港意大利接斯年根

27、本未在提單載明的裝運港意大利接斯 佩扎停泊過，從而證明瑞士公司既未將鋼材托運裝船，所提交的提單也是偽造的佩扎停泊過，從而證明瑞士公司既未將鋼材托運裝船，所提交的提單也是偽造的 意圖欺詐中方貨款。其所稱意圖欺詐中方貨款。其所稱“中國港口擁擠，船舶將改變航線中國港口擁擠，船舶將改變航線 也是虛構(gòu)的。也是虛構(gòu)的。 19931993年年3 3月月2424日，中方向中國某市中級人民法院提起訴訟，指出瑞士公司侵日，中方向中國某市中級人民法院提起訴訟，指出瑞士公司侵 權(quán)，要求其賠償中方經(jīng)濟(jì)損失共計權(quán)，要求其賠償中方經(jīng)濟(jì)損失共計550550萬美元。起訴的同時申請財產(chǎn)保全。法院萬美元。起訴的同時申請財產(chǎn)保全。法

28、院 接到原告起訴及財產(chǎn)保全申請后，首先審查后準(zhǔn)許中方的保全申請，裁定凍結(jié)了接到原告起訴及財產(chǎn)保全申請后，首先審查后準(zhǔn)許中方的保全申請，裁定凍結(jié)了 瑞士公司在某銀行的托收貨款瑞士公司在某銀行的托收貨款440440余萬美元。被告在答辯的同時提出反訴，要求余萬美元。被告在答辯的同時提出反訴，要求 中方賠償其貨款被凍結(jié)而造成的利息損失及律師費用。中方賠償其貨款被凍結(jié)而造成的利息損失及律師費用。 v某市中級人民法院在一審后作出判決：瑞士公司應(yīng)償還中國公司的鋼材貨款 2290250美元，并賠償中方各項損失2846418.60美元；同時駁回被告的反訴。被 告不服，向某市高級人民法院提出上訴，認(rèn)為雙方當(dāng)事人之

29、間簽訂的鋼材買賣合 同中訂有仲裁條款，根據(jù)中國已加入的承認(rèn)及執(zhí)行外國仲裁裁決公約中國法 院對此案無管轄權(quán)；同時認(rèn)為中方在不同法院對瑞方提出重復(fù)訴訟不當(dāng)：一審法 院裁定凍結(jié)與本案無關(guān)的貨款不當(dāng)：認(rèn)定其有欺詐行為元事實根據(jù)。根據(jù)中華 人民共和國涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)合同法的規(guī)定，禁止把間接損失作為賠償，一審判決損害 賠償數(shù)額過高，且無事實根據(jù)，請求撤銷原判決。 v高級人民法院經(jīng)二審審理后確認(rèn)：瑞士公司使用欺詐手段誘使中方與其簽 訂合同，之后又在貨物未裝船的情況下，偽造單據(jù)，騙取中方巨額貨款，不僅構(gòu) 成了破壞合同，而且還構(gòu)成了侵權(quán)。中方有權(quán)向法院提起侵權(quán)之訴，而不受雙方 所訂立的合同仲裁條款的約束。根據(jù)中華人民共和國民事訴訟法第20條規(guī)定： “因侵權(quán)行為提起的訴訟，由侵權(quán)行為地或者被告住所地人民法