RX高二（上）選修六Unit1Learningaboutlanguage

1、 Unit 1 Art Learning about language 1 Find the word or expression for each of the following meanings from the text. 1. _ excellent; splendid 2. _ purpose; intention 3. _ silly or unreasonable 4. _ trust; strong belief 5. _ easily noticed or understood 6. _ traditional superb aim ridiculous faith evi

2、dent conventional Discovering useful words and expressions 7. _ room or building for showing works of art 8. _ based on general ideas rather than specific examples 9. _ method of doing or performing something, especially in the arts or sciences 10. _ the art of making figures, objects, etc out of st

3、one, wood, clay, etc gallery abstract technique sculpture 2 Complete the passage below using the words in the box in the correct form. predict, adopt, attempt, possess, by coincidence, a great deal, on the other hand ARE THOSE SUNFLOWERS A REAL PAINTING BY VAN GOGH? The most popular art style in Wes

4、tern countries is Impressionism. Many people would love to _ an Impressionist painting and spend _ of money to own one. _ there are a lot of painters who can _ the art style of any famous Impressionist artist and possess a great deal by coincidence adopt produce unknown “masterpieces”. One such pain

5、ter, Otto Wacker, _ to make a lot of money quickly and painted lots of “masterpieces” in the style of Van Gogh. Many were considered to be Von Goghs own work by important art critics. On the one hand some of them were discovered. _ some famous art critics wonder if there are many attempted On the ot

6、her hand other “masterpieces” hanging on gallery walls. As a man looking after Van Goghs paintings said: I would not be surprised if the number (of “masterpieces”) grows to more than 200.” So who can _ where and when the next “masterpiece” will be discovered? predict Pandora opened her box Whats lef

7、t in the box? vIf she had been warned of danger, would she have opened the box? misfortunes hope Life is not based on “ifs”. Many people are not happy because they base their life on “ifs”. If I had a million dollars, Objective You need to understand that, in conditional sentences: 1 The situation i

8、s not real; it is hypothetical 2 Hypothetical situations are expressed using the subjunctive mood. If you could have three of these paintings on the walls of your classroom, which would you choose? Have you ever wished you could paint as well as a professional artist? If you were an artist, what kin

9、d of pictures would you paint? Lets look at the following sentences. What would you rather do paint pictures, make sculptures, or design buildings? Why? If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. Without the new paints and the n

10、ew technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. , but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exist. These are the sentences that use subjunctive mood from the text. Statement: Pair work Pair work Question: Answer: If

11、 you got the chance to talk to the president, what would you say? If I got the chance to talk to the president, I would ask him to The food in our school canteen is terrible. Statement: Pair work Pair work Question: Answer: The girl eats very little to lose weight. If you were the girl, what would y

12、ou do? If I were , I would Statement: Pair work Pair work Question: Answer: What would you do if your father appeared in the net bar? If my father My father doesnt allow me to go to the net bar. Statement: Pair work Pair work Question: Answer: Who beat the tough guy? Nobody. Had the Spiderman been h

13、ere, he could have beaten the tough guy. Statement: Pair work Pair work Question: Answer: Can he fly? No, he cant. The actor wishes he could fly like a bird. Statement: Pair work Pair work Question: Answer: Whats the fact? The sunlight will be with us forever. Should there be no sunlight, there woul

14、d be no life. Statement: Pair work Pair work Question: Answer: What does it mean in Chinese? (法律法律/法規(guī)法規(guī)) 要求我們采要求我們采 取措施保護(hù)取措施保護(hù) 孩子。孩子。 It is required that we (should) take action to protect the children. real conditionals unreal conditionals Five “if clauses” below: tell the differences 1. If a child

15、 buys these toys, he or she will learn nothing. 2. If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 3. She wouldnt have opened the box, if she had been warned of danger. 4. If I were to be reborn, I would be a musician. 5. Sales of products fall if prices rise. Subjunctive mood Grammar 一、語氣的分類一、語氣的分類 英語的動(dòng)詞一

16、般可帶三種不同的語氣英語的動(dòng)詞一般可帶三種不同的語氣: 陳述陳述語氣、語氣、祈使祈使語氣和語氣和虛擬虛擬語氣。語氣。 不同的語氣用動(dòng)詞的不同形式來表示。不同的語氣用動(dòng)詞的不同形式來表示。 虛擬語氣的特點(diǎn)虛擬語氣的特點(diǎn) n1. 虛擬語氣用以表示虛擬語氣用以表示假定，想象，愿望假定，想象，愿望等等 非事實(shí)的觀念。非事實(shí)的觀念。 n2. 虛擬條件從句中的條件是假設(shè)的，因此虛擬條件從句中的條件是假設(shè)的，因此 主句的結(jié)論也只能是想象的，非事實(shí)的。主句的結(jié)論也只能是想象的，非事實(shí)的。 n3. 這些特點(diǎn)決定了它必須使用這些特點(diǎn)決定了它必須使用不同于真實(shí)不同于真實(shí) 句句的動(dòng)詞形式。的動(dòng)詞形式。 陳述語氣陳述語

17、氣 I went to the theatre yesterday. Jack hadnt come back home yet. 祈祈使語氣使語氣 Lets go. Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings. 關(guān)于陳述語氣關(guān)于陳述語氣 1 What will you do if it rains tomorrow? I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 關(guān)于陳述語氣關(guān)于陳述語氣 2 關(guān)于祈使語氣關(guān)于祈使語氣 1 關(guān)于祈使語氣關(guān)于祈使語氣 2 關(guān)于祈使語氣關(guān)于祈使語氣 3 關(guān)于祈使語

18、氣關(guān)于祈使語氣 4 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 If I were you, I would not leave her alone. Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afternoon. 條件條件 從句從句 If 從句的謂語形從句的謂語形 式式 主句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在 過去過去 未來未來 V+ ed (were) had done would/could/should/ might +V (原原) would/could/should/ might+have+p.p. 1. V. + ed. 2. should+

19、 V.(原原) 3. were to do would/could/should /might +V.(原原) 一、虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法一、虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法 如果現(xiàn)在不下雨的話如果現(xiàn)在不下雨的話, 我們就出去野餐了。我們就出去野餐了。 If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic. 如果他來這兒如果他來這兒, 他就能夠幫助你了。他就能夠幫助你了。 If he came here, he might be able to help you. 要是當(dāng)初她被邀請的話，她就會(huì)去參加要是當(dāng)初她被邀請的話，她就會(huì)去參加 這次聚會(huì)

20、了。這次聚會(huì)了。 She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 今天早上，她要是不叫我的話，我就會(huì)今天早上，她要是不叫我的話，我就會(huì) 睡過頭了。睡過頭了。 If she hadnt called me, I would have overslept this morning. 明年我要是二十歲，我就會(huì)學(xué)法語。明年我要是二十歲，我就會(huì)學(xué)法語。 If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French. 要是失敗了，我會(huì)再試一次。要

21、是失敗了，我會(huì)再試一次。 If it should fail, I would try again. 1. 如果你早來如果你早來5 5分鐘分鐘, ,你就趕上這趟車了。你就趕上這趟車了。 If you _ here five minutes earlier, you _ the bus. 2. 如果我現(xiàn)在不忙如果我現(xiàn)在不忙, ,我就來幫你了。我就來幫你了。 If I _ not busy, I _ you now. 3. 如果明天下雪了如果明天下雪了, ,我們怎么辦？我們怎么辦？ What _ we do if it _ tomorrow? had got were would help sho

22、uldwere to snow would have caught If I _ busy last night, I _ to see the film with you. had not been would have gone If he _ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday. would not have had had driven If I _(know) your telephone number, I _ (telephone) you yesterday. had known would have telephon

23、ed 二、虛擬語氣特殊句型二、虛擬語氣特殊句型: 1. wish 的賓語的賓語 從句從句 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在: 過去時(shí)過去時(shí)(were) 過去過去: 過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)(had done) 未來未來: would/could/might +V.(原原) should 我現(xiàn)在要是年輕十歲就好了。我現(xiàn)在要是年輕十歲就好了。 I wish I were ten years younger now. 我昨天要是遇見他就好了。我昨天要是遇見他就好了。 I wish I had met him yesterday. 我希望成為一名科學(xué)家。我希望成為一名科學(xué)家。 I wish I would be a scient

24、ist. I wish I were as tall as Yao Ming. I wish I were a bird. I wish every day were my birthday. I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon. 表示對表示對過去情況過去情況的虛擬：從句動(dòng)的虛擬：從句動(dòng) 詞常用詞常用“had過去分詞過去分詞”。 The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it. I wish it would rain tomorrow. 2. would rather tha

25、t 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在: 過去過去: 未來未來: I would rather you paid me now. I would rather I hadnt come yesterday. I would rather you came tomorrow. 過去時(shí)過去時(shí) 過去時(shí)過去時(shí) 過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí) 3. as if /though + 從句從句 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在： 過去過去： 過去時(shí)過去時(shí) 過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí) She loves the baby as if it were her own son. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened y

26、esterday. 他們就像多年的朋友一樣交談。他們就像多年的朋友一樣交談。 They talked as if they had been friends for years. 他看上去像是醉了。他看上去像是醉了。 He looks as if he were drunk. 她看起來似乎是冰做的。她看起來似乎是冰做的。 She looked as if she were made of ice. 我們該去我們該去 睡覺了。睡覺了。 4. Its (about/high) time +that 過去時(shí)過去時(shí)(were) should(不省不省) +V. 你該走了。你該走了。 Its high

27、time that you went. Its high time that you were going. Its high time that you should go. Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed. 5. 表示要求、命令、建議的虛擬語氣。使用表示要求、命令、建議的虛擬語氣。使用 should + 動(dòng)詞原形，或者將動(dòng)詞原形，或者將should省略省略。 常見動(dòng)詞常見動(dòng)詞: 一個(gè)堅(jiān)持，兩個(gè)命令，一個(gè)堅(jiān)持，兩個(gè)命令， 三個(gè)建議，四個(gè)要求。即三個(gè)建議，四個(gè)要求。即 1) insist 2) or

28、der, command 3) advise, suggest, propose 4) demand, require, request, ask I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should) be sent there. 注意：如注意：如suggest, insist不表示不表示“建議建議” 或或“堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)”, 即它們用于即它們用于 其本意其本意“暗示、表明暗示、表明”、“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)時(shí), 賓語從句用陳述語氣。賓語從句用陳述語氣。 1) T

29、he guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules. 2) He insisted that she _ (be) seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospital at once. obey was be sent 3) He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once. 4) His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill. have was 以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名

30、詞性從句 包括主語從句、表語從句和同位語也要包括主語從句、表語從句和同位語也要 使用虛擬語氣，從句中的動(dòng)詞形式為使用虛擬語氣，從句中的動(dòng)詞形式為 (should) + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request 6. Its necessary/strange/natural/ important /pity/no wonder/impossible + that 從句從句, 從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬，即從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬，即 (should) + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 我們掌握一門外語是非常重要的。我們掌握一門外語是非

31、常重要的。 It is important that we (should) master a foreign language. 很奇怪她竟然拒絕來參加聚會(huì)。很奇怪她竟然拒絕來參加聚會(huì)。 It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. 我們有必要努力學(xué)習(xí)。我們有必要努力學(xué)習(xí)。 Its necessary that we should study hard. 7. 虛擬語氣用于虛擬語氣用于If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中， “要是要是就好了就好了” If only I were a flying bird! = How I

32、wish I were a flying bird! 要是我看過那部電影就好了！要是我看過那部電影就好了！ If only I had seen the film! =How I wish I had seen the film! 8. 在含有在含有If it were not for或或If it had not been for 條件句的虛擬語氣中。條件句的虛擬語氣中。 nIf it were not for the rain, the crops would die. 要不是你的幫助，我們就不可能提前完成任務(wù)。要不是你的幫助，我們就不可能提前完成任務(wù)。 If it had not bee

33、n for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. = But for your help = Without your help = Had it not been for your help, 9. 混合型的條件句混合型的條件句 當(dāng)條件從句與主句所表的時(shí)間不一當(dāng)條件從句與主句所表的時(shí)間不一 致時(shí)，虛擬語氣的形式應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。致時(shí)，虛擬語氣的形式應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。 主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞并不相互呼應(yīng)，主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞并不相互呼應(yīng)， 這種條件句叫混合條件句這種條件句叫混合條件句。較多見的。較多見的 混合型條件句是

34、混合型條件句是從句用過去完成時(shí)從句用過去完成時(shí) （指過去行為），而主句用一般時(shí)（指過去行為），而主句用一般時(shí) （指目前狀態(tài)）。（指目前狀態(tài)）。 如果他聽了我的勸告，他現(xiàn)在會(huì)通過考試。如果他聽了我的勸告，他現(xiàn)在會(huì)通過考試。 He would pass the test if he had taken my advice. 假如昨天我對他說了，現(xiàn)在我就知道該怎么假如昨天我對他說了，現(xiàn)在我就知道該怎么 辦了。辦了。 If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 假如我是你，我當(dāng)時(shí)就不會(huì)打破那杯子。假如我是你，我當(dāng)時(shí)就不

35、會(huì)打破那杯子。 If I were you, I would not have broken the glass. 10. 連詞連詞if的省略的省略 如果虛擬條件句的謂語部分有如果虛擬條件句的謂語部分有were, had和和should時(shí)時(shí), 可省略可省略if, 把把were, had 和和should放到從句主語前面去放到從句主語前面去, 多見于多見于 書面語。書面語。 要是沒有你的幫助，我就失敗了。要是沒有你的幫助，我就失敗了。 Had you not helped me, I should have failed. 假如你處在我的地位，你也會(huì)這樣干的。假如你處在我的地位，你也會(huì)這樣干的。

36、 Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如他們進(jìn)攻我們，我們就把他們徹底假如他們進(jìn)攻我們，我們就把他們徹底 消滅干凈。消滅干凈。 Should they attack us, well wipe them out completely. 11.in case, for fear that “以防以防, 以免以免” He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain. =He took his raincoat with him for fear that it should rai

37、n. 他帶上了雨衣他帶上了雨衣, 以防下雨以防下雨. 12. 某些簡單句的固定句型：某些簡單句的固定句型： Heaven help him! God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republic of China! 1. _ he come, the problem would be settled. A. would B. should C. shall D. if 2. _, man could not live at all. A. were it not for the sun B. if it was for t

38、he sun C. had it not been for the sun D. if it shouldnt be for the sun B A 3. _. Everything would have been all right. A. he had been here B. here he had been C. been here he had D. had he been here 4. _ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. would you be B. s

39、hould you be C. could you be D. might you be D B 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。即假設(shè)條件從句謂語動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。即假設(shè)條件從句謂語動(dòng)詞 發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動(dòng)詞不一致。發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動(dòng)詞不一致。 主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)各自的時(shí)間而定。主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)各自的時(shí)間而定。 * 近幾年各類考試中常見的試題類型：近幾年各類考試中常見的試題類型： If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955, the housing problems now i

40、n some parts of this country _ so serious. A. wouldnt be B. will not have been C. wouldnt have been D. would have not been A 如果你采納了我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)好得多。如果你采納了我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)好得多。 If you had followed my advice, you would be better now. 如果你之前努力學(xué)習(xí)了，你現(xiàn)在就是一名大學(xué)如果你之前努力學(xué)習(xí)了，你現(xiàn)在就是一名大學(xué) 生，四年后就會(huì)大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。生，四年后就會(huì)大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。 If you had

41、 studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college in four years time. 假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。 條件從句中有條件從句中有should, were, had三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，可以把三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，可以把 if 省略，并將這省略，并將這 三個(gè)詞提至句首。三個(gè)詞提至句首。 _ she a man, she might be elected president. A. If were B. Were C. Be D. Is B If I h

42、ad time, I would come. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Had I time, I would come. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 含蓄虛擬條件句。句中有含蓄虛擬條件句。句中有without, or, otherwise, but for等詞隱含某種假設(shè)。等詞隱含某種假設(shè)。 I lost your address, otherwise I _ you long before. A. had visited B. have

43、 visited C. would have visited D. should visit C 沒有你的幫助，我們就不會(huì)實(shí)驗(yàn)成功。沒有你的幫助，我們就不會(huì)實(shí)驗(yàn)成功。 Without your help, we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. 要不是這場雨，我們就完成工作了。要不是這場雨，我們就完成工作了。 But for the rain, we would have finished the work. 常見的幾種固定句式。常見的幾種固定句式。 如如 If only, insist, suggest 及及Its time/ necessa

44、ry/important that 從句等等。從句等等。 If only I _ to my parents advice! A. listening B. listen C. am listening D. had listened His silence at the meeting suggested that he _ to your plan. A. shouldnt agree B. wouldnt agree C. hadnt agreed D. didnt agree D D The old professor gave orders that the experiment _

45、 before 6. A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finished Its high time he _ home. A. goes B. went C. will go D. is going to go Even if he _(be) here, he couldnt solve the problem. A. was B. were C. be D. is C B B The volleyball match will be put off if it _. A. will rain B. rain

46、s C. rained D. is rained 解析解析: 真實(shí)條件句主句為將來時(shí)真實(shí)條件句主句為將來時(shí), 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 B 1. Everything _ if Albert hadnt called the fire brigade (消防隊(duì)消防隊(duì)). A. will be destroyed B. will have been destroyed C. would be destroyed D. would have been destroyed Quiz I: Multiple choice. A. were to sink B. has sunk C. wa

47、s sinking D. sunk 2. I _ you some money, but I hadnt any on me then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent 3. Supposing this ship _, do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers? 4. Are you thinking about going to Hangzhou for the vacation? No, but

48、 if I _ time, I _ very glad to go there. A. have, will be B. had had, would have been C. had, would be D. had had, would be 5. Sally finally got here from Chicago. If she _ earlier, we _ her to the party then. A. came, would take B. had come, would have taken C. comes, will take D. had come, would take 1. 要是你準(zhǔn)備功課再仔細(xì)一點(diǎn)的話要是你準(zhǔn)備功課再仔細(xì)一點(diǎn)的話, 你就你就 能通過考試了。能通過考試了。 If you