人教版高中英語(yǔ)選修9課件：Unit 2 Sailing the oceans Grammar

1、 謂語(yǔ)用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)謂語(yǔ)用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài), , 由由 動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組擔(dān)任。動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組擔(dān)任。 及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞 連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞可分為動(dòng)詞可分為: 需要跟有賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞叫及物動(dòng)詞需要跟有賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞叫及物動(dòng)詞, , 及及 物動(dòng)詞后可跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)、直接賓語(yǔ)和物動(dòng)詞后可跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)、直接賓語(yǔ)和 間接賓語(yǔ)或一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。間接賓語(yǔ)或一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 例如：例如： 及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞 直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ) Children seek independence. The trial raised a number of questions.

2、 He made the shortest speech I have ever heard. A couple were having a drink at a table by the window. He took photographs of Vita in her summer house. 直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)。直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)。例如：例如： They gave us a wonderfully warm welcome. Mr. Schell wrote a letter the other day to the New York Times. ( wrote the New Y

3、ork Times a letter.) I took out the black box and handed it to her. ( handed her the box.) I had lent my apartment to a friend for the weekend. He left the note for her on the table. 一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)帶賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)帶賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：例如： Williss jokes made her uneasy. Last year they made him captain of the team. The people n

4、amed the place “Turbo Kutu”. I thought it right to go there without delay. Have you found it difficult to speak? 不需要跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞叫不及物動(dòng)詞。不需要跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞叫不及物動(dòng)詞。 例如：例如： Her whole body ached. Donald was lying on the bed. Bob coughed all night. All the leaves have fallen and winter is coming. 有幾個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞后可以跟有與之同有幾個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞

5、后可以跟有與之同 形的名詞形的名詞, 這叫同源賓語(yǔ)。這叫同源賓語(yǔ)。例如：例如： They are living a peaceful life. = They are living peacefully. He died a heroic death. = He died heroically. The girl laughed a merry laugh. = The girl laughed merrily. He sighed a deep sigh. = He sighed deeply. 許多動(dòng)詞往往既是不及物動(dòng)詞又是及許多動(dòng)詞往往既是不及物動(dòng)詞又是及 物動(dòng)詞。物動(dòng)詞。例如：例如：

6、Gus asked me whether Id like to have dinner with him. I accepted. (vi.) I accepted the invitation. (vt.) He painted every day. (vi.) He painted vivid portraits of friends and acquaintances. (vt.) He ran as fast as he could. (vi.) She ran a hotel in the centre of the city. (vt.) Father never smoked o

7、r drank all his life. (vi.) He drank a good deal of coffee. (vt.) At last she thanked them and left. (vi.) All I know is that Michael and I never left the house. (vt.) 連系動(dòng)詞雖具有詞匯意義連系動(dòng)詞雖具有詞匯意義, 但需要帶有但需要帶有 表語(yǔ)才能構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)。表語(yǔ)才能構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)。例如：例如： The station seems a very small one. They have remained loyal to the

8、government. Their hall was larger than his whole flat. The task of inspecting it proved to be exciting and interesting. It sounds unnatural to us. My memories of a London childhood are happy ones. His body was the color of bronze. 動(dòng)詞詞組或稱短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞詞組或稱短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞, 可以擴(kuò)展或改可以擴(kuò)展或改 變動(dòng)詞的意義變動(dòng)詞的意義, 它們的構(gòu)成是：它們的構(gòu)成是： 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞

9、+ 副詞副詞 Mary went away for a few days. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 + 介詞介詞 The other day I came across a letter from Brunei written in the last year of his life. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 + 副詞副詞 + 介詞介詞 You may have come up against unexpected difficulties. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞連用構(gòu)成的謂語(yǔ)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞連用構(gòu)成的謂語(yǔ)。 例如：例如： I must leave very soon. The rich ought to pay tuitio

10、n fees for their children. You may have heard of him. You should not have done so. 下面我們通過(guò)近年來(lái)的高考題共同復(fù)習(xí)一下面我們通過(guò)近年來(lái)的高考題共同復(fù)習(xí)一 下謂語(yǔ)的常考點(diǎn)。下謂語(yǔ)的常考點(diǎn)。 1. 單個(gè)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)單個(gè)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ) 【考例【考例1】The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody _ them since. A. sees B. saw C. has seen D. had seen C 【考例【考例2】 If nothing _, the oceans will

11、 turn into fish deserts. A. does B. had been done C. will do D. is done D 【考例【考例3】 Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment. All right. I _ him later. A. will call B. have called C. call D. will be calling A 【考點(diǎn)透視】【考點(diǎn)透視】簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)有人稱和數(shù)的變化簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)有人稱和數(shù)的變化, 有各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣有各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣, 故高考題中對(duì)簡(jiǎn)故高考題中對(duì)簡(jiǎn) 單謂語(yǔ)的考查主要體

12、現(xiàn)為對(duì)各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)單謂語(yǔ)的考查主要體現(xiàn)為對(duì)各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài) 和語(yǔ)氣的考查。考例和語(yǔ)氣的考查。考例1中中, 根據(jù)句末的根據(jù)句末的since可可 知知, 此處要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?？祭颂幰矛F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?？祭?中中, nothing 與與do之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 且由且由will turn into可知可知, do表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。因?yàn)闂l件狀語(yǔ)從句表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。因?yàn)闂l件狀語(yǔ)從句 中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)中要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái), 故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?？祭谋粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?？祭?中中, 由由“現(xiàn)在不在辦公室現(xiàn)在不在辦公室” 可知可知, 答話者會(huì)晚些時(shí)候再打電話過(guò)來(lái)答話者會(huì)晚些

13、時(shí)候再打電話過(guò)來(lái), 故故 call表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 故用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。故用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 2. 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ) 【考例【考例1】 Dont worry. Im sure your missing glasses will _ sooner or later. A. stand out B. break up C. get out D. turn up D 【考例【考例2】 Caroline doesnt have a gift for music, but she _ it with hard work. A. goes back on B. takes awa

14、y from C. makes up for D. catches up with C 【考點(diǎn)透視】【考點(diǎn)透視】 高考對(duì)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)的考查主要體現(xiàn)高考對(duì)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)的考查主要體現(xiàn) 在詞義辨析方面?？祭谠~義辨析方面。考例1中中, 由由Dont worry 和和Im sure 可知可知, 眼鏡遲早會(huì)出現(xiàn)眼鏡遲早會(huì)出現(xiàn) （turn up）。考例）。考例2中中, 由由doesnt have a gift for music 及并列連詞及并列連詞but 可知可知, 她是她是 在用努力來(lái)彌補(bǔ)（在用努力來(lái)彌補(bǔ)（makes up for）。）。 3.“系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)

15、 【考例【考例1】 Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ essential to their development. A. is B. are C. was D. were A 【考例【考例2】 Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I _ on Friday. A. get paid B. got paid C. have paid D. had been paid A 【考點(diǎn)透視】【考點(diǎn)透視】

16、系動(dòng)詞有一定的詞義系動(dòng)詞有一定的詞義, 但不能但不能 單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ), 要與作表語(yǔ)的名詞、形容詞、要與作表語(yǔ)的名詞、形容詞、 介詞短語(yǔ)、過(guò)去分詞等連用。常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)介詞短語(yǔ)、過(guò)去分詞等連用。常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng) 詞有詞有be, look, appear, keep, taste, feel, stay, become, get, remain, go, turn, grow等。考等。考 例例1中中, 句子的主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)是students inner motivation, 故系動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式故系動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式, 又因?yàn)槊栌忠驗(yàn)槊?述的是通常的情況述的是通常的情況, 故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。考例故用一般現(xiàn)

17、在時(shí)?？祭?2中中, 從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái), 且且I與與 pay 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 故選故選get paid。 4. “動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+不定式不定式”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ) 【考例】【考例】 The engine just wont start. Something seems _ wrong with it. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone B 【考點(diǎn)透視】【考點(diǎn)透視】用于本結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞本身具有一用于本結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞本身具有一 定的詞義定的詞義, 但不能單獨(dú)表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意義但不能單獨(dú)表

18、達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意義, 必須同不定式結(jié)合起來(lái)才能使意義完整必須同不定式結(jié)合起來(lái)才能使意義完整, 所以所以 這類動(dòng)詞又被稱為半助動(dòng)詞。常見(jiàn)的這類動(dòng)這類動(dòng)詞又被稱為半助動(dòng)詞。常見(jiàn)的這類動(dòng) 詞有詞有appear, come, fail, get, happen, seem 等。等。 高考題中對(duì)此類謂語(yǔ)的考查主要是考查不定高考題中對(duì)此類謂語(yǔ)的考查主要是考查不定 式。要注意不定式根據(jù)不同的語(yǔ)境有不同的式。要注意不定式根據(jù)不同的語(yǔ)境有不同的 形式：一般式、進(jìn)行式和完成式。在該考例形式：一般式、進(jìn)行式和完成式。在該考例 中中, 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)出問(wèn)題是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)出問(wèn)題是“發(fā)動(dòng)不起來(lái)發(fā)動(dòng)不起來(lái)”之前發(fā)生之前發(fā)生 的事的事, 且

19、因?yàn)榍乙驗(yàn)閟eem后接不定式后接不定式, 故在此用不定故在此用不定 式的完成式。式的完成式。 5. “be +形容詞形容詞+不定式不定式”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ) 【考例【考例1】 What are you doing out of bed, Tom? Youre _ to be asleep. A. supposed B. known C. thought D. considered A 【考例【考例2】 Studies show that people are more _ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before c

20、omputer screens for long hours. A. likely B. possible C. probable D. sure A 【考點(diǎn)透視】【考點(diǎn)透視】 這部分的這部分的“be +形容詞形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也是半助結(jié)構(gòu)也是半助 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞, 本身雖有詞義本身雖有詞義, 但不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)但不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ), 要與不定式一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的要與不定式一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的 這類結(jié)構(gòu)有這類結(jié)構(gòu)有be able to, be anxious to, be bound to, be certain to, be determined to, be eager to, be likely

21、 to, be ready to, be sure to等。等。 6. “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂 語(yǔ)語(yǔ) 【考例【考例1】 I _ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me. A. mightnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. couldnt C 【考例【考例2】 Life is unpredictable; even the poorest _ become the richest. A. shall B. must C. need D. might D 【考點(diǎn)透視】【考點(diǎn)透視】 “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ), 在高考題中主要體現(xiàn)為對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查。在高考題中主要體現(xiàn)為對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查。 考例考例1中中, 由由“這里的同學(xué)們對(duì)我非常友好這里的同學(xué)