數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)概念雙語教學大綱

1、教學大綱（數(shù)據(jù)庫教學大綱（雙語）發(fā)布時間：2016-01-10發(fā)布人：superadmin訪問數(shù)量：93陜西師范大學本科計算機科學與技術、軟件工程、信息管理與信息系統(tǒng)專業(yè)理論課教學大綱數(shù)據(jù)庫原理與應用（雙語）學時：72 學分：4.5課程屬性：專業(yè)必修課開課單位：計算機科學學院先修課程：程序設計、數(shù)據(jù)結構、操作系統(tǒng)、編譯原理等 一、課程的性質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)庫技術是計算機科學的重要分支，也是信息領域的核心技術與重要支撐。在2002年編寫的中國計算機科學與技術學科教程中，數(shù)據(jù)庫課程被明確規(guī)定為計算機科學與技術學科專業(yè)的核心課程之一。數(shù)據(jù)庫原理課程是一門理論性和實踐性都很強的課程，具有知識體系完整、理論豐富、實

2、踐性強、數(shù)據(jù)庫技術發(fā)展迅速等特點。近年來，數(shù)據(jù)庫技術不斷發(fā)展、創(chuàng)新、完善，并廣泛應用于社會各行各業(yè)，特別是隨著Internet的發(fā)展與普及，基于網(wǎng)絡和數(shù)據(jù)庫技術的信息管理系統(tǒng)、應用系統(tǒng)得到了飛速的發(fā)展與深入廣泛的應用，作為其后臺與基礎的數(shù)據(jù)庫技術也在不斷的發(fā)展中被賦予了新的能力，成為發(fā)展最快、應用最廣的技術之一。目前絕大多數(shù)計算機應用都需要數(shù)據(jù)庫技術的支撐，數(shù)據(jù)庫已經(jīng)成為計算機信息系統(tǒng)與應用系統(tǒng)的核心技術和重要基礎。在該課程的教學中，不僅應教會學生數(shù)據(jù)庫的知識本身，使學生能夠正確理解數(shù)據(jù)庫的基本原理，熟練掌握數(shù)據(jù)庫的設計方法和應用技術，更應激發(fā)學生對數(shù)據(jù)庫及相關知識的興趣，培養(yǎng)學生獨立探求新技

3、術、新方法的能力，使其成為適應能力強、并富有創(chuàng)造才能的專門人才。課程的深入學習對增強學生的計算機科學理論素養(yǎng)，提高計算機技術應用水平，培養(yǎng)專業(yè)素質(zhì)與創(chuàng)新能力有明顯的幫助。近年來，計算思維作為人類科學思維的基本方式之一，受到國內(nèi)外計算機界的廣泛關注。ACM和IEEE-CS在修訂后的計算機科學教程2008（Computer Science Curriculum 2008）中明確指出應將計算思維作為計算機科學教學的重要組成部分。當前培養(yǎng)大學生計算思維能力已成為計算機教育的一個重要內(nèi)容和熱點課題，這一新課題對計算機課程教學提出了新的要求。信息化社會，培養(yǎng)復合型創(chuàng)新人才的一個重要內(nèi)容，就是要潛移默化地使

4、大學生養(yǎng)成一種新的思維方式，即運用計算機科學的基本概念對問題進行求解、系統(tǒng)設計和行為理解，建立計算思維。數(shù)據(jù)庫課程的知識體系完整，既有經(jīng)典理論成果奠定的堅實基礎，又有在實踐中發(fā)揮巨大作用的先進技術，其中很多知識點都為計算思維提供了很好的詮釋和生動的案例。二、教學目的課程學習的基本目標是正確理解數(shù)據(jù)庫的基本原理，熟練掌握數(shù)據(jù)庫的設計方法和應用技術。高級目標是通過課程學習，掌握基于數(shù)據(jù)庫、數(shù)據(jù)倉庫的數(shù)據(jù)分析技術，并能夠?qū)⒐こ趟季S與數(shù)學思維結合起來，培養(yǎng)對實際應用問題的抽象和自動化能力，培養(yǎng)計算思維能力。三、教學內(nèi)容數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)是對數(shù)據(jù)進行存儲、管理、處理和維護的軟件系統(tǒng)，是現(xiàn)代計算環(huán)境中的一個核心部

5、分。隨著計算機硬件、軟件技術的飛速發(fā)展和計算機系統(tǒng)在各個行業(yè)的廣泛應用，數(shù)據(jù)庫技術的發(fā)展尤其迅速，引人注目。本課程包括數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)、數(shù)據(jù)庫設計、數(shù)據(jù)庫語言和數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)等方面的基本概念，數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)的核心技術，數(shù)據(jù)庫查詢語言、查詢優(yōu)化、模式設計、數(shù)據(jù)倉庫、數(shù)據(jù)庫應用開發(fā)、基于對象的數(shù)據(jù)庫和XML、數(shù)據(jù)存儲和查詢、事務管理、數(shù)據(jù)挖掘與信息檢索以及數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)體系結構等方面的內(nèi)容。四、學時分配章 課程內(nèi)容學時1 Chapter 1: Introduction42 Chapter 2: Introduction to the Relational Model43 Chapter 3: Introdu

6、ction to SQL84 Chapter 4 Intermediate SQL45 Chapter 5 Advanced SQL46 Chapter 6: Formal Relational Query Languages67 Chapter 7 Database Design and the E-R Model48 Chapter 8: Relational Database Design69 Chapter 9: Application Development and Administration212 Chapter 12: Query Processing613 Chapter 1

7、3: Query Optimization414 Chapter 14: Transactions415 Chapter 15: Concurrency Control616 Chapter 16: Recovery System417 Chapter 17: Database System Architectures218 Chapter 18: Parallel Databases （選修）219 Chapter 19: Distributed Databases220 Chapter20: Data Warehousing and Mining （選修）2合計72五、教學方式本課程以課內(nèi)

8、學習和信息化教學平臺課外學習結合的方式，采用以多媒體教學手段為主，充分發(fā)揮多媒體教學手段信息量大的特點。本課程概念和上機操作較多，必須通過做大量的練習和上機實驗來加深對概念的理解和掌握，從而達到消化、掌握所學知識的目的，提高動手能力。獨立完成作業(yè)是學好本課程的重要手段。鼓勵學生多做題，多看參考書籍。鼓勵同學們利用豐富便捷的課程資源大力開展“自主性學習”，把課堂學習和課余鉆研結合起來，以期很好地完成課程的學習任務。六、考核方式期末考試（70%）+平時作業(yè)（5%）+信息化平臺課外學習（5%）+數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)項目設計（20%）。七、教材及教學參考書教材：1 Abraham Silberschatz, H

9、enry F.Korth, S.Sudarshan. DATABASE SYSTEM CONCEPTS（Sixth Edition），高等教育出版社，2014.7，影印版參考教材：2 楊冬青 (改編, 譯者), 西爾伯沙茨 (Abraham Silberschatz) (作者), Henry F.Korth (作者), S.Sudarshan (作者), 李紅燕 (譯者), 唐世渭 (譯者), 等 (譯者). 數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)概念(原書第6版本科教學版)，2013.13 Jeffrey Ullman，Jennifer Widom. 數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)基礎教程(英文版)(第3版)，機械工業(yè)出版社，第3版，20

10、08.84 鄭阿奇，劉啟芬，顧韻華，SQL Server數(shù)據(jù)庫教程（2008版），人民郵電出版社 2012.35 閃四清，SQL SERVER 2008基礎教程(高等學校計算機應用規(guī)劃教材)，清華大學 2010.8八、教學基本內(nèi)容及要求Chapter 1: Introduction1. 教學基本要求 A database-management system (DBMS) is a collection of interrelated data and a set of programs to access those data. The collection of data, usually

11、referred to as the database, contains information relevant to an enterprise. The primary goal of a DBMS is to provide a way to store and retrieve database information that is both convenient and efficient.Database systems are designed to manage large bodies of information. Management of data involve

12、s both defining structures for storage of information and providing mechanisms for the manipulation of information. In addition, the database system must ensure the safety of the information stored, despite system crashes or attempts at unauthorized access. If data are to be shared among several use

13、rs, the system must avoid possible anomalous results.Because information is so important in most organizations, computer scientists have developed a large body of concepts and techniques for managing data. These concepts and techniques form the focus of this book. This chapter briefly introduces the

14、 principles of database systems.本章重點：1）Database management system2）Purpose of Database Systems3）View of Data4）Data Definition Language5）Data Manipulation Language6）Data Models7）Query processor8）Transaction Management9）Database architecture10）Data Mining11）Database Administrator2. 教學具體內(nèi)容說明本課程的性質(zhì)，與學習其

15、他課程的關系，介紹本課程的主要教學內(nèi)容，主要參考書。1.1 Database-System Applications1.2 Purpose of Database Systems1.3 View of Data1.4 Database Languages1.5 Relational Databases1.6 Database Design1.7 Data Storage and Querying1.8 Transaction Management1.9 Database Architecture1.10 Data Mining and Information Retrieval1.11 Spe

16、cialty Databases1.12 Database Users and Administrators1.13 History of Database Systems1.14 Summary3. 考核要求：1）理解：數(shù)據(jù)庫常用的基本術語，包括數(shù)據(jù)庫、數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)、實例、模式、物理模式、邏輯模式、子模式、物理數(shù)據(jù)獨立性、數(shù)據(jù)庫語言、數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶和DBA。2）理解：數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點。3）理解：數(shù)據(jù)視圖和數(shù)據(jù)抽象的三層結構。4）理解：數(shù)據(jù)模型，包括實體-聯(lián)系模型和關系模型。5）理解：事務管理。6）理解：數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)的基本組成結構及存儲管理器和查詢處理器的作用。7）了解：數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展歷程。Ch

17、apter 2: Introduction to the Relational Model1. 教學基本要求A data model is a collection of conceptual tools for describing data, data relationships, data semantics, and consistency constraints. In this part, we focus on the relational model.The relational model, which is covered in Chapter 2, uses a coll

18、ection of tables to represent both data and the relationships among those data. Its conceptual simplicity has led to its widespread adoption; today a vast majority of database products are based on the relational model. The relational model describes data at the logical and view levels, abstracting

19、away low-level details of data storage. The entity-relationship model, discussed later in Chapter 7 (in Part 2), is a higher-level data model which is widely used for database design.The relational model is today the primary data model for commercial data processing applications. It attained its pri

20、mary position because of its simplicity, which eases the job of the programmer, compared to earlier data models such as the network model or the hierarchical model.In this chapter, we first study the fundamentals of the relational model. A substantial theory exists for relational databases. We study

21、 the part of this theory dealing with queries in Chapter 6. In Chapters 7 through 8, we shall examine aspects of database theory that help in the design of relational database schema, while in Chapters 12 and 13we discuss aspects of the theory dealing with efficient processing of queries.本章重點：1）Stru

22、cture of Relational Databases2）Keys, Foreign Key, Referential integrity constraints3）Schema Diagram4）Relational Query Languages5）Relational Operations6）Relational Algebra本章難點：Schema Diagram2. 教學具體內(nèi)容2.1 Structure of Relational Databases2.2 Database Schema2.3 Keys2.4 Schema Diagrams2.5 Relational Quer

23、y Languages2.6 Relational Operations2.7 Summary3. 考核要求：1）理解：關系模型的基本概念（包括屬性、域、關系、元組、元組變量；數(shù)據(jù)庫模式、數(shù)據(jù)庫實例、關系模式、關系實例；超碼、候選碼、主碼、外碼等）和關系數(shù)據(jù)庫結構。2）熟練掌握：根據(jù)主碼、外碼畫出數(shù)據(jù)庫模式圖。3）理解：關系查詢語言，理解關系操作。4）掌握：用關系代數(shù)表達查詢要求。Chapter 3: Introduction to SQL1. 教學基本要求There are a number of database query languages in use, either commerc

24、ially or experimentally. In this chapter, as well as in Chapters 4 and 5, we study the most widely used query language, SQL.Although we refer to the SQL language as a “query language,” it can do much more than just query a database. It can define the structure of the data, modify data in the databas

25、e, and specify security constraints.It is not our intention to provide a complete users guide for SQL. Rather, we present SQLs fundamental constructs and concepts. Individual implementations of SQL may differ in details, or may support only a subset of the full language.。本章重點：1）SQL Data Definition2）

26、SQL Query Structure3）Natural join operation4）Correlation name (Correlation variable, tuple variable)5）Set operations6）Null Values7）Aggregation functions8）Nested Sub-queries9）Scalar Sub-queries10）Database Modification本章難點：1）Null Values2）Aggregation function group by3）Nested Sub-queries2. 教學具體內(nèi)容3.1 Ov

27、erview of the SQL Query Language3.2 SQL Data Definition3.3 Basic Structure of SQL Queries3.4 Additional Basic Operations3.5 Set Operations3.6 Null Values3.7 Aggregate Functions3.8 Nested Sub-queries3.9 Modification of the Database3.10 Summary3. 考核要求：1熟練掌握：定義基本表。2熟練掌握：用SQL語句表達單表查詢、連接查詢。3熟練掌握：用SQL語句表達

28、涉及查詢結果排序、分組處理的查詢。4熟練掌握：用SQL語句表達數(shù)據(jù)的更新。5基本掌握：用SQL語句表達嵌套查詢。6理解：空值的概念。Chapter 4 Intermediate SQL1. 教學基本要求In this chapter, we continue our study of SQL. We consider more complex forms of SQL queries, view definition, transactions, integrity constraints, more details regarding SQL data definition, and aut

29、horization.本章重點：1）Join types2）View definition3）View update4）Integrity Constraints5）Authorization本章難點：View update2. 教學具體內(nèi)容4.1 Join Expressions4.2 Views4.3 Transactions4.4 Integrity Constraints4.5 SQL Data Types and Sachems4.6 Authorization4.7 Summary3. 考核要求：1）熟練掌握：外聯(lián)查詢。2）熟練掌握：視圖定義和查詢。3）熟練掌握：完整性限制定義。4

30、）熟練掌握：授權和回收。5）基本掌握：視圖更新。Chapter 5 Advanced SQL1. 教學基本要求In Chapters 3 and 4, we provided detailed coverage of the basic structure of SQL. In this chapter, we cover some of the more advanced features of SQL.1 We address the issue of how to access SQL from a general-purpose programming language, which

31、is very important for building applications that use a database to store and retrieve data. We describe how procedural code can be executed within the database, either by extending the SQL language to support procedural actions, or by allowing functions defined in procedural languages to be executed

32、 within the database. We describe triggers, which can be used to specify actions that are to be carried out automatically on certain events such as insertion, deletion, or update of duple in a specified relation. We discuss recursive queries and advanced aggregation features supported by SQL. Finall

33、y, we describe online analytic processing (OLAP) systems, which support interactive analysis of very large data-sets.本章重點和難點：1）Embedded SQL2）Dynamic SQL3）SQL functions4）Stored procedures5）Triggers2. 教學具體內(nèi)容5.1 Accessing SQL From a Programming Language5.2 Functions and Procedures5.3 Triggers5.4 Recurs

34、ive Queries*5.5 Advanced Aggregation Features*5.6 OLAP*5.7 Summary3. 考核要求：1）掌握：嵌入式SQL語句。2）理解：動態(tài)SQL語句。3）基本掌握：函數(shù)和過程。4）基本掌握：觸發(fā)器。Chapter 6: Formal Relational Query Languages1. 教學基本要求In Chapters 2 through 5 we introduced the relational model and covered SQL in great detail. In this chapter we present the

35、 formal model upon which SQL as well as other relational query languages are based.We cover three formal languages. We start by presenting the relational algebra, which forms the basis of the widely used SQL query language. We then cover the tuple relational calculus and the domain relational calcul

36、us, which are declarative query languages based on mathematical logic.本章重點：1）Relational Algebra operations2）Outer join3）Grouping4）Duple Relational Calculus5）Domain Relational本章難點：1）Division operations2）Duple Relational Calculus2. 教學具體內(nèi)容6.1 The Relational Algebra6.2 The Duple Relational Calculus6.3 T

37、he Domain Relational6.4 Summary3. 考核要求：1）熟練掌握：用關系代數(shù)表達查詢。 2）基本掌握：用元組關系演算表達查詢。Chapter 7 Database Design and the E-R Model1. 教學基本要求Up to this point in the text, we have assumed a given database schema and studied how queries and updates are expressed. We now consider how to design a database schema in

38、the first place. In this chapter, we focus on the entity relationship data model (E-R), which provides a means of identifying entities to be represented in the database and how those entities are related. Ultimately, the database design will be expressed in terms of a relational database design and

39、an associated set of constraints. We show in this chapter how an E-R design can be transformed into a set of relation sachems and how some of the constraints can be captured in that design. Then, in Chapter 8, we consider in detail whether aset of relation sachems is a good or bad database design an

40、d study the process of creating good designs using a broader set of constraints. These two chapters cover the fundamental concepts of database design.本章重點：1）Entity and entity sets2）Relationship and Relationship Sets3）E-R Diagram4）Mapping Cardinality5）UNL2. 教學具體內(nèi)容7.1 Overview of the Design Process7.2

41、 The Entity-Relationship Model7.3 Constraints7.4 Removing Redundant Attributes in Entity Sets7.5 Entity-Relationship Diagrams7.6 Reduction to Relational Schema7.7 Entity-Relationship Design Issues7.8 Extended E-R Features7.9 Alternative Notations for Modeling Data7.10 Other Aspects of Database Desig

42、n7.11 Summary3. 考核要求：1）理解：實體-聯(lián)系模型的基本概念。2）熟練掌握：實體-聯(lián)系模型（E-R圖的表示方法）。3）了解：標準建模語言UML。Chapter 8: Relational Database Design1. 教學基本要求In this chapter, we consider the problem of designing a schema for a relational database. Many of the issues in doing so are similar to design issues we considered in Chapter

43、 7 using the E-R model.In general, the goal of relational database design is to generate a set of relation sachems that allows us to store information without unnecessary redundancy, yet also allows us to retrieve information easily. This is accomplished by designing sachems that are in an appropria

44、te normal form. To determine whether a relation schema is in one of the desirable normal forms, we need information about the real-world enterprise that we are modeling with the database. Some of this information exists in a well-designed E-R diagram, but additional information about the enterprise

45、may be needed as well.In this chapter, we introduce a formal approach to relational database design based on the notion of functional dependencies. We then define normal forms in terms of functional dependencies and other types of data dependencies. First, however, we view the problem of relational

46、design from the standpoint of the sachems derived from a given entity-relationship design.本章重點：1）Normalization2）Decomposition3）Functional dependencies4）Lossless decomposition5）First Normal Form (1NF)6）Second Normal Form (2NF)7）Third Normal Form (3NF)8）Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)9）Dependency preser

47、vation10）Closure of a set of functional dependencies11）Armstrongs axioms12）Closure of attribute sets13）Canonical cover14）BCNF decomposition algorithms15）3NF decomposition algorithms16）Multivariate Dependencies and Fourth Normal Form (4NF)本章難點：1）Closure of a set of functional dependencies2）Armstrongs

48、 axioms3）Canonical cover4）BCNF decomposition algorithms5）3NF decomposition algorithms6）Multivalued Dependencies and Fourth Normal Form (4NF)2. 教學具體內(nèi)容8.1 Features of Good Relational Designs8.2 Atomic Domains and First Normal Form8.3 Decomposition Using Functional Dependencies8.4 Functional-Dependency

49、 Theory8.5 Algorithms for Decomposition8.6 Decomposition Using Multivariate Dependencies8.7 More Normal Forms8.8 Database-Design Process8.9 Modeling Temporal Data8.10 Summary3. 考核要求：1）理解：1NF范式、3NF范式、BCNF范式、4NF范式的概念；函數(shù)依賴、平凡函數(shù)依賴、多值函數(shù)依賴的概念；函數(shù)依賴的閉包；Armstrong公理；關系分解、無損連接分解、函數(shù)依賴保持分解的概念。2）熟練掌握：BCNF分解算法、3NF

50、分解算法。3）熟練掌握：屬性集閉包的求解算法、關系候選碼的求解方法、最小函數(shù)依賴（canonical cover）的求解方法。4）掌握：數(shù)據(jù)庫設計的全過程。Chapter 9: Application Development and Administration1. 教學基本要求In this chapter, we study tools and technologies that are used to build applications, focusing on interactive applications that use databases to store data.Afte

51、r an introduction to application programs and user interfaces in Section 9.1, we focus on developing applications with Web-based interfaces. We start with an overview of Web technologies in Section 9.2, and discuss the Java Servlets technology, which is widely used for building Web applications, in

52、Section 9.3. A short overview of Web application architectures in presented Section 9.4. In Section 9.5, we discuss tools for rapid application development, while in Section 9.6 we cover performance issues in building large Web applications. In Section 9.7, we discuss issues in application security.

53、 We conclude the chapter with Section 9.8, which covers encryption and its use in applications.2本章重點： 1）Application Programs 2）Web Interfaces to Databases 3）Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)4）Hyperlinks5）Uniform resource locator (URL)6）Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)7）Common Gateway Interface (CGI

54、)8）Cookie, Session9）JSP, PHP, ASP.NET10）JavaScript11）Application architecture12）Web services13）Digital signature14）Digital certificates2. 教學具體內(nèi)容9.1 Application Programs and User Interfaces9.2 Web Fundamentals9.3 Servlets and JSP9.4 Application Architectures9.5 Rapid Application Development9.6 Applic

55、ation Performance9.7 Application Security9.8 Encryption and Its Applications9.9 Summary3. 考核要求：1掌握：Web與數(shù)據(jù)庫的接口技術。2理解HTML、超鏈、URL、HTTP、CGI、Web服務、數(shù)字簽名等概念。3了解：JSP, PHP, ASP.NET。Chapter 12: Query Processing1. 教學基本要求Query processing refers to the range of activities involved in extracting data from a datab

56、ase. The activities include translation of queries in high-level database languages into expressions that can be used at the physical level of the file system, a variety of query-optimizing transformations, and actual evaluation of queries.本章重點：1）Query processing2）Evaluation primitive3）Query-execution plan4）Query-evaluation plan5）Measures of query cost6）Selection Operation7）Sorting8）Join Operation9）Evaluation of Expressions本章難點：Measures of query cost2. 教學具體內(nèi)容12.1 Overview12.2 Measures of Query Cost12.3 Selection Operation12.4 Sorting12.5 Join Operation12.6 Ot