GrammarFocus

1、Section A Grammar Focus Translate the phrases. search for no matter be made in in the local shops a toy car American brands a pair of basketball shoes avoid doing sth. in fact 搜尋；搜尋； 尋找尋找 不論；無論不論；無論 在在 . 生產(chǎn)或制造生產(chǎn)或制造 在當(dāng)?shù)氐纳痰昀镌诋?dāng)?shù)氐纳痰昀?一輛玩具車一輛玩具車 美國(guó)品牌美國(guó)品牌 一雙籃球鞋一雙籃球鞋 避免做某事避免做某事 其實(shí)；其實(shí)； 事實(shí)上事實(shí)上 Is it made of

2、silver? It was made in Thailand. What is the model plane made of? Where is tea produced in China? How is it grown? It is planted on the side of mountains. They are picked by hand and then are sent for processing. Read the sentences below, paying attention to the underlined parts. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài) (Passive V

3、oice) 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu): be + V-p.p. am / are / is + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu): Many people speak English. 主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 English is spoken by many people. 主語主語 謂語動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)的過去式謂語動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)的過去式 賓語賓語 主語主語 謂語動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)的過去分詞謂語動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)的過去分詞 介詞介詞+ 賓語賓語 1. Children under 18 _ (not allowed) to watch this show

4、 without their parents. 2. We _ (pay) by the boss on the last Friday of each month. 3. A: What language _ (speak) in Germany? B: Most people speak German, but many can speak English, too. are not allowed are paid 4a4a Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. is spoken

5、4. Most of the earths surface _ (cover) by water. 5. The classroom _ (clean) by the students every day. is covered is cleaned 1) Sunglasses _ (use) for protecting peoples eyes. 2) A picture _ (put) up on the blackboard. 3) French _ (speak) in France. are used is put is spoken 用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式

6、填空。 4) Which language _ the most widely _ (speak) in the world? 5) The students _ often _ (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 6) Vegetables, eggs and fruits _ (sell) in this shop. is spoken aretold are sold 主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句所遵循的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句所遵循的4個(gè)步驟：個(gè)步驟： 1. 1. 把原主動(dòng)句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語。把原主動(dòng)句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語。 2. 2.

7、 把動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)形式即把動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)形式即be+be+過去分詞，并注過去分詞，并注 意其人稱和數(shù)隨主語的變化，而動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)意其人稱和數(shù)隨主語的變化，而動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 則保持不變。則保持不變。 3. 3. 原主動(dòng)句的主語如需要?jiǎng)t放在原主動(dòng)句的主語如需要?jiǎng)t放在byby后面以它的賓后面以它的賓 格格 形式出現(xiàn)（注代詞的賓格），如不需要?jiǎng)t可省形式出現(xiàn)（注代詞的賓格），如不需要?jiǎng)t可省 略。略。4. 4. 其它的成分（定語、狀語）不變。其它的成分（定語、狀語）不變。 2. This shop uses the best materials to make dresses. 3. Careless drivin

8、g causes many traffic accidents. The best materials are used by this shop to make dresses. 4b4b Rewrite the sentences using the passive voice. Many traffic accidents are caused by careless driving. 4. The postman brings letters and postcards to peoples homes. 5. Our family does not use this silver p

9、late very often. Letters and postcards are brought to peoples homes by the postman. This silver plate is not used very often by our family. / This silver plate is not used by our family very often. 4c4c A: Whats your pencil made of? B: Its made of wood. A: Where was it made? B: It was made in Shangh

10、ai. A: Whats your made of? B: Its made of A: Where was it made? B: It was made in jacketsweaterT-shirt shoes cap gloves ring 1.People play football all over the world. 2. The old man on TV tells a story on Sunday. 3. Students listen to the kind teacher carefully. Football is played all over the worl

11、d by people. A story is told by the old man on TV on Sunday. The kind teacher is listened to by students carefully. 把下列的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句。把下列的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句。 1. Tea is grown in South China.（改為主動(dòng)語（改為主動(dòng)語 態(tài)）態(tài)） People _ _ in South China. 2. People use metal for making machines. (改改 為被動(dòng)語態(tài)為被動(dòng)語態(tài)) Metal _ _ _ making machi

12、nes. growtea 按要求改寫下列句子，一空一詞。按要求改寫下列句子，一空一詞。 isusedfor 3. They produce silk in Suzhou. (改為被動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)句) Silk _ _ in Suzhou. 4. We call maths the language of science. (改改 為被動(dòng)句為被動(dòng)句) Maths _ _ the language of science. isproduced iscalled 1. Cotton _ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. gro

13、ws D. grow 2. The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known A 選擇正確答案。選擇正確答案。 C 3. In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 4. Do you often clean your classroom? Yes. Our classroom _ every day. A. clean B. c

14、leans C. is cleaned D. is cleaning B C 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種句型被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種句型 1. 肯定句肯定句 主語主語 + be + 過去分詞過去分詞 + (by) A sweet song is sung by her on the stage. 2. 否定句否定句 主語主語 + be + not +過去分詞過去分詞 + (by) 3. 一般疑問句一般疑問句 Be + 主語主語 +過去分詞過去分詞 + (by)? A sweet song isnt sung by her on the stage. Is a sweet song sung by her on th

15、e stage? 4. 特殊疑問句特殊疑問句 疑問詞疑問詞 + be + 主語主語 +過去分詞過去分詞 + (by)? Where is a sweet song sung by her? 1. Do you water your flowers every day?(變變 為被動(dòng)句為被動(dòng)句) 2. Trees and flowers are planted every year to make our country more beautiful. (變?yōu)橐勺優(yōu)橐?問句問句) Are your flowers watered by you every day? Are trees and f

16、lowers planted every year to make our country more beautiful？ 按要求改寫下列句子。按要求改寫下列句子。 3. This English song is sung by the girls after class. 改為否定句改為否定句 改為一般疑問句，并做肯定和否定回答改為一般疑問句，并做肯定和否定回答 對(duì)劃線對(duì)劃線部分部分提問提問 This English song is not sung by the girls after class. Is this English song sung by the girls after

17、class?Yes, it is. / No, it isnt. When is this English song sung by the girls? 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的運(yùn)用: （1） 不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或沒不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或沒 有必要知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。有必要知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。 The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. 這座房子太舊了，它是這座房子太舊了，它是1950年建的。年建的。 When will the road be opened to traffic? 這條路什么時(shí)候通車這條路什么時(shí)候通車? （2）

18、需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象即賓語時(shí)。需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象即賓語時(shí)。 Calculator cant be used in the math exam. 計(jì)算器不能用于數(shù)學(xué)考試。計(jì)算器不能用于數(shù)學(xué)考試。 He was awarded first prize in that contest. 他在比賽中得了第一。他在比賽中得了第一。 有時(shí)為了禮貌等原因不愿說出行為者有時(shí)為了禮貌等原因不愿說出行為者, 這時(shí)也常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。這時(shí)也常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. 新實(shí)驗(yàn)室必須在下

19、個(gè)月底前完工。新實(shí)驗(yàn)室必須在下個(gè)月底前完工。 You are requested to give a performance. 請(qǐng)你給我們表演一個(gè)節(jié)目。請(qǐng)你給我們表演一個(gè)節(jié)目。 （3） 主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)： 含有雙賓語，即直接賓語含有雙賓語，即直接賓語(常指事物常指事物)和間和間 接賓語接賓語(常指人常指人)的句子，每個(gè)賓語都可變的句子，每個(gè)賓語都可變 為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語，即其被動(dòng)語態(tài)有兩為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語，即其被動(dòng)語態(tài)有兩 種形式，但多以間接賓語作主語。種形式，但多以間接賓語作主語。 Jack tells us the truth. We are to

20、ld the truth by Jack. The truth is told (to) us by Jack. He gives me the football. (改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)) I _ _ the football by him. The football _ _ _ me by him. amgiven is given to 動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)之意動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)之意 1). 系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)：以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)：以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng) 之意。常見的系動(dòng)詞有：之意。常見的系動(dòng)詞有： be動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞, look, seem, appear, feel,

21、sound, smell, taste等等 It smells terrible. 2).下列動(dòng)詞下列動(dòng)詞(詞組詞組)沒有被動(dòng)式：沒有被動(dòng)式： happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, take An accident happened yesterday. 注注 意意 3). 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞sell, wash, read, write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等，常用主動(dòng)形式表示等，常用主動(dòng)形式表示 被動(dòng)意義。被動(dòng)意義。 This book sells well. 這本書暢銷。這本書暢銷。 Th

22、e kind of cloth washes well. 這種布很容易洗。這種布很容易洗。 4). 在英語口語中，有時(shí)可用在英語口語中，有時(shí)可用“get+過去分過去分 詞詞”構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如： I got dressed as quickly as l could. 我盡快穿上衣服。我盡快穿上衣服。 這樣結(jié)構(gòu)比較常見的搭配有：這樣結(jié)構(gòu)比較常見的搭配有：get arrested, get caught, get dressed, get drowned, get drunk, get lost, get married等。等。 A: Where are ? B: They ar

23、e in grow in Brazil grow in Colombia grow in Chinagrow in Canada A: Where is / are ? B: It is / They are in followed by interviewed by 【2013江蘇常州江蘇常州】This listening material, together with its CD-ROMs, _ well. A. sells B. sell C. is sold D. are sold 【解析解析】某些可以和某些可以和well, easily, smoothly等等 副詞連用的不及物動(dòng)詞

24、如副詞連用的不及物動(dòng)詞如read, write, wash, clean, draw, cook, sell, lock, open等等, 且主語是且主語是 非生命的名詞或代詞非生命的名詞或代詞, 用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)含義。用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)含義。 本句的主語為本句的主語為This listening material為第三人為第三人 稱單數(shù)稱單數(shù); sell well意為意為“暢銷暢銷”。句意為。句意為“這這 個(gè)聽力材料以及它的光盤很暢銷。個(gè)聽力材料以及它的光盤很暢銷。”故選故選A。 【2013河南河南】 Excuse me. Im looking for Be the Best of Yours

25、elf. Sorry. The book you ask for_ out. A. is selling B. is sold C. was selling D. will be sold 【解析解析】主語主語the book和動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞sell構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān) 系，又時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此用一般現(xiàn)在系，又時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此用一般現(xiàn)在 時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。答語句意時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。答語句意“對(duì)不起，你要的對(duì)不起，你要的 書已售完書已售完”。故選。故選B。 【2013廣西南寧廣西南寧】 Han Hans books are popular. They _ by many teenagers. A.

26、 is read B. was read C. are read D. were read 【解析解析】由上句可知韓寒的書很受歡迎，用由上句可知韓寒的書很受歡迎，用 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語they是復(fù)數(shù)形式，故答案是復(fù)數(shù)形式，故答案 選選C項(xiàng)。項(xiàng)。 【2013湖北宜昌湖北宜昌】 At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups. More chances _ to students to learn from each other. A. offer B. are offered C. have offere

27、d D. are offering 【解析解析】句子大意為句子大意為“小組學(xué)習(xí)為學(xué)生提供小組學(xué)習(xí)為學(xué)生提供 了更多相互學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)了更多相互學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)”?！皺C(jī)會(huì)機(jī)會(huì)”和和“提提 供供”之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，須用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。四之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，須用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。四 個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有are offered為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選 B。 【2013湖北襄陽湖北襄陽】 Didnt you see the sign “No Parking!” on the right? Sorry, I didnt. But now I know parking _ here. A. wasnt allowed

28、 B. isnt allowed C. wont allow D. doesnt allow 【解析解析】由上句中的由上句中的“No Parking!”可知，可知， 停車不被允許，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語停車不被允許，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語now可知，考可知，考 察一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故選察一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故選B。 【2013廣東梅州廣東梅州】The child without parents _ good care of by his teachers in this special school. A. is taken B. are taken C. take D. takes 【解析解析】主語主語the child與動(dòng)詞短語與動(dòng)詞短語take care of之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng) 語態(tài)。故選語態(tài)。故選A。 【2013浙江寧波浙江寧波】 Have you finished your project? Not yet. Ill finish it if I _ ten more minutes. A. give B. am given C. will give D. will be given 【解析解析】句意句意“如果再給我十分鐘我會(huì)完成如果再給我十分鐘我會(huì)完成 它它”，主語與動(dòng)詞，主語與動(dòng)詞give之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，在之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系