虛擬語氣-公開課件

1、2021/3/141 Learning goals 1. Know what the subjunctive mood refers to 2. Know the different forms of the subjunctive mood 3. Master the structure of the subjunctive mood about “if ” 4. Do some exercises about the 3th aim 語氣語氣 英語的動詞一般可帶有三種不同的語氣英語的動詞一般可帶有三種不同的語氣: 陳述語氣陳述語氣,祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不同祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不同 的語氣用

2、動詞的不同形式（有的還借助的語氣用動詞的不同形式（有的還借助 句法形式）來表示。句法形式）來表示。 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式, 一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個事實, 而是一種假設(shè)、猜測、懷疑等(常用在條件狀 語從句中或讓步狀語從句中); 一是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議 等 (常用在名詞性從句中)。 簡言之,即:不是事實或不大可能發(fā)生的事情, 就用虛擬語氣來表述 虛擬語氣的概念虛擬語氣的概念 虛擬語氣的?？夹问教摂M語氣的常考形式: 1. if 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句 2. 名詞性從句名詞性從句 3. 固定句式固定句式 4. 情態(tài)動詞表示虛擬情態(tài)動詞表示

3、虛擬 5. 可用可不用虛擬語氣的情況可用可不用虛擬語氣的情況 a. ifa. if真實條件句真實條件句 表示條件是表示條件是真的或真的或 有可能實現(xiàn)的有可能實現(xiàn)的, , 采用采用陳述語氣陳述語氣。 b. ifb. if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句 表示條件是表示條件是虛擬的虛擬的 或幾乎無法實現(xiàn)的或幾乎無法實現(xiàn)的, , 采用采用虛擬語氣虛擬語氣。 2021/3/148 If we have chances, we can have further cooperation. If I have another chance, I will visit China again. if if真實條件句用于陳

4、述語氣真實條件句用于陳述語氣, ,假設(shè)的情況很假設(shè)的情況很 有可能發(fā)生有可能發(fā)生, ,其中其中if if是是“如果如果”的意思的意思 if條件從句條件從句 一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時 主句主句 will shall+動詞原形動詞原形 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 + 動詞原形動詞原形 What What willwill you do if you do if it it rains rains tomorrow?tomorrow? I I willwill sleep at home sleep at home if it if it rainsrains tomorrow. tomorrow. if虛擬條件

5、句虛擬條件句 表示條件是表示條件是虛擬的或幾虛擬的或幾 乎無法實現(xiàn)的乎無法實現(xiàn)的, 采用采用虛擬語氣虛擬語氣。 if 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句 與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在事實相反事實相反 與與過去過去事實相反事實相反 與與將來將來事實可能相反事實可能相反 2021/3/1414 If I had a great deal of money, I would buy a villa (別墅別墅) for my parents. 與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在事實相反事實相反 2021/3/1415 If I were the schoolmaster of Gaocheng No. 1 Middle school, I

6、 would let the students get up a little later to get a better sleep. 與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在事實相反事實相反 2021/3/1416 if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句 if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句主句主句 與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在 事實相事實相 反的假反的假 設(shè)設(shè) If+主語主語+ 動詞的過去式動詞的過去式 （be動詞一般用動詞一般用were) 主語主語+would ( should / might / could )動詞原形動詞原形 1. If I had a great deal of money, I would buy a villa (別墅別墅) f

7、or my parents. 2. If I were the schoolmaster of Gaocheng No. 1 Middle school, I would let the students get up a little later to get a better sleep. 即即:If+一般過去時態(tài)一般過去時態(tài) （be動詞一般用動詞一般用were) 2021/3/1417 If Yao Jiaxin had driven more carefully, he would not have caused the car accident in May,2009. 與與過去過去

8、事實相反事實相反 2021/3/1418 If Tom had learnt how to swim, he would not have been trapped on that island for four years. 與與過去過去事實相反事實相反 2021/3/1419 had got upcould have caught 與與過去過去事實相反事實相反 2021/3/1420 if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句 if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句主句主句 與與過去過去 事實相事實相 反的假反的假 設(shè)設(shè) If+主語主語+had +動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞 1. If Yao Jiaxin had d

9、riven more carefully, he would not have caused the car accident in May,2009. 2. If Tom had learnt how to swim, he would not have been trapped on that island for four years. had got upcould have caught 即即:If+過去完成時態(tài)過去完成時態(tài) 主語主語 + would ( should / might / could )have done 2021/3/1421 If I met Obama some

10、 day, I would shake hands with him. If I were to meet Obama some day, If I should meet Obama some day, 與與將來將來事實相反事實相反 2021/3/1422 if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句 if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句主句主句 與與將來將來 事實事實相相 反的假反的假 設(shè)設(shè) 1、If+主語主語+動詞過去式動詞過去式 2、If+主語主語+were to+ 動詞原形動詞原形 3、If+主語主語+should +動詞原形動詞原形 主語主語+would ( should / might / could )動詞原

11、形動詞原形 If I met / were to meet / should meet Obama some day, I would shake hands with him. 總結(jié):if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句 if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句主句主句 與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在 事實相事實相 反的假反的假 設(shè)設(shè) 與與過去過去 事實相事實相 反的假反的假 設(shè)設(shè) 與與將來將來 事實相事實相 反的假反的假 設(shè)設(shè) 1、If+主語主語+動詞過去式動詞過去式 2、If+主語主語+were to+ 動詞原形動詞原形 3、If+主語主語+should +動詞原形動詞原形 If+主語主語+ 動詞的過去式動詞的過去式 （be動詞一般

12、用動詞一般用were) 主語主語+would ( should / might / could )動詞原形動詞原形 即即:If+一般過去時態(tài)一般過去時態(tài) （be動詞一般用動詞一般用were) If+主語主語+had +動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞 即即:If+過去完成時態(tài)過去完成時態(tài) 主語主語 + would ( should / might / could )have done 主語主語+would ( should / might / could )動詞原形動詞原形 （4+1） 2021/3/1424 注意以下問題注意以下問題: 1. 錯綜時間虛擬條件句錯綜時間虛擬條件句 2. (if省略

13、省略) 倒裝虛擬條件句倒裝虛擬條件句 3. 含蓄條件句含蓄條件句 1. 錯綜時間條件句錯綜時間條件句 if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句主句主句 與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在 事實相事實相 反的假反的假 設(shè)設(shè) 與與過去過去 事實相事實相 反的假反的假 設(shè)設(shè) 與與將來將來 事實相事實相 反的假反的假 設(shè)設(shè) 1、If+主語主語+動詞過去式動詞過去式 2、If+主語主語+were to+ 動詞原形動詞原形 3、If+主語主語+should +動詞原形動詞原形 If+主語主語+ 動詞的過去式動詞的過去式 （be動詞一般用動詞一般用were) 主語主語+would ( should / might / could )動詞原形動詞

14、原形 即即:If+一般過去時態(tài)一般過去時態(tài) （be動詞一般用動詞一般用were) If+主語主語+had +動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞 即即:If+過去完成時態(tài)過去完成時態(tài) 主語主語 + would ( should / might / could )have done 主語主語+would ( should / might / could )動詞原形動詞原形 錯綜時間條件句錯綜時間條件句 錯綜時間條件句錯綜時間條件句 （4+1） 2021/3/1426 1. 錯綜時間虛擬條件句錯綜時間虛擬條件句 即即:if虛擬條件句與主句的時間不一致。虛擬條件句與主句的時間不一致。 1). If you

15、had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now. 如果你當時聽了我的話如果你當時聽了我的話,現(xiàn)在就能完成這份工作了?，F(xiàn)在就能完成這份工作了。 （從句說明過去（從句說明過去,主句說明現(xiàn)在。）主句說明現(xiàn)在。） 2). If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party. 如果我是你如果我是你,我就去參加她的生日晚會了。我就去參加她的生日晚會了。 （從句說明現(xiàn)在（從句說明現(xiàn)在,主句說明過去。）主句說明過去。） 2021/3/1427 3). If you had

16、nt lent me some money, I couldnt have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now. 假若你不借錢給我假若你不借錢給我,我不可能買下這幢新我不可能買下這幢新 房房,很可能現(xiàn)在還住在危房里。很可能現(xiàn)在還住在危房里。 （從句說明過去（從句說明過去,主句說明過去和現(xiàn)在。）主句說明過去和現(xiàn)在。） 2021/3/1428 2. 在虛擬條件句中在虛擬條件句中,如果條件句中有如果條件句中有were, had（助動詞）或（助動詞）或should

17、時時,可使用倒裝結(jié)可使用倒裝結(jié) 構(gòu)構(gòu),但但if必須省略必須省略。若條件從句為否定句。若條件從句為否定句,否否 定詞定詞not應(yīng)置于主語之后應(yīng)置于主語之后,而不能與而不能與 were,should,had等縮略成等縮略成 werent,shouldnt,hadnt置于句首。置于句首。 2021/3/1429 1). Had I seen him then, I would have been very happy. = If I had seen him then, I would have been very happy. 2). Should I have time, I would go

18、with you. = If I should have time, I would go with you. 3). Were I not so busy, I would go with you. = If I were not so busy, I would go with you. 2021/3/1430 (if省略省略) 倒裝虛擬條件句倒裝虛擬條件句 補充例句補充例句: 要不是要不是 (固定句式固定句式) If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work yesterday. = Had it n

19、ot been for , If it were not for lacking money, I would go travelling right now. = Were it not for lacking money, 與與過去過去事事 實相反實相反 與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在事事 實相反實相反 But for 要不是要不是 2021/3/1431 (1) I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.（副詞）（副詞） (2) He telephoned to tell me of your bir

20、thday, or / otherwise I would have known nothing about it. （連詞）（連詞） 直陳語氣直陳語氣 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 直陳語氣直陳語氣 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 3. 含蓄條件句含蓄條件句 有時為了表達的需要有時為了表達的需要,在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn) if引導(dǎo)的條件句引導(dǎo)的條件句,而通過其他手段來代替條件句。而通過其他手段來代替條件句。 2021/3/1432 含蓄條件句含蓄條件句 (4) Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their o

21、utput quickly.（獨立主格）（獨立主格） = If everything had been taken into (了解即可了解即可) consideration, (3) I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.（連詞）（連詞） 直陳語氣直陳語氣虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 2021/3/1433 (5) 用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句常用的介詞有用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句常用的介詞有 with, without, but for 等。如等。如: What would you do with a million dollars?

22、We could not have finished the work ahead of time without your help. But for the rain, we would have finished the work. =If you had a million dollars, what would you do? =If we hadnt got your help / If you hadnt helped us, =If it hadnt been for the rain, 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 2021/3/1434 1. If

23、my father _ here now, he _ tell me what to do. A.were; would B. was; will C. had been; would D. is; will Exercise A 2021/3/1435 2. If he _my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. A.followed B.B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow Exercise C 2021/3/1436 3. If I _ in the 22nd century, I _ m

24、y vacation in a very different way. A. should live; would spend B. will live; should spend C. are living; should have spent D. will be living; would have spent A 2021/3/1437 4. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will Exercise to

25、morro w B 2021/3/1438 5. But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English writing competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won Exercise B 2021/3/1439 6. If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955,the housing probl

26、ems now in some parts of this country _ so serious. A. wouldnt be B. will not have been C. wouldnt have been D. would have not been Exercise now in 1955 A 2021/3/1440 7T he weather has been very hot and dry. Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables _. A.

27、wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died Exercise D had rained now 2021/3/1441 8. They _ two free tickets to Canada,otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go. A. had got B. got B.C. have got D. get Exercise B otherwise 2021/3/1442 9. Why didnt you buy the flat? I_,but I

28、 didnt have the money. A. would have B.B. bought C.C. would like to D.D. had bought Exercise A but Learning goals 1. Know the different forms of the subjunctive mood 2. Master the structures of the different forms of the subjunctive mood 3. Do some exercises about the grammar 虛擬語氣的?？夹问教摂M語氣的?？夹问? 1.

29、if 引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句 2. 名詞性從句名詞性從句 3. 固定句式固定句式 4. 情態(tài)動詞表示虛擬情態(tài)動詞表示虛擬 5. 可用可不用虛擬語氣的情況可用可不用虛擬語氣的情況 a. ifa. if真實條件句真實條件句 表示條件是表示條件是真的或真的或 有可能實現(xiàn)的有可能實現(xiàn)的, , 采用采用陳述語氣陳述語氣。 b. ifb. if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句 表示條件是表示條件是虛擬的虛擬的 或幾乎無法實現(xiàn)的或幾乎無法實現(xiàn)的, , 采用采用虛擬語氣虛擬語氣。 總結(jié):if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句 if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句主句主句 與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在 事實相事實相 反的假反的假 設(shè)設(shè) 與與過去過去 事實

30、相事實相 反的假反的假 設(shè)設(shè) 與與將來將來 事實相事實相 反的假反的假 設(shè)設(shè) 1、If+主語主語+動詞過去式動詞過去式 2、If+主語主語+were to+ 動詞原形動詞原形 3、If+主語主語+should +動詞原形動詞原形 If+主語主語+ 動詞的過去式動詞的過去式 （be動詞一般用動詞一般用were) 主語主語+would ( should / might / could )動詞原形動詞原形 即即:If+一般過去時態(tài)一般過去時態(tài) （be動詞一般用動詞一般用were) If+主語主語+had +動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞 即即:If+過去完成時態(tài)過去完成時態(tài) 主語主語 + would

31、( should / might / could )have done 主語主語+would ( should / might / could )動詞原形動詞原形 （4+1） 2021/3/1448 注意以下問題注意以下問題: 1. 錯綜時間虛擬條件句錯綜時間虛擬條件句 2. (if省略省略) 倒裝虛擬條件句倒裝虛擬條件句 3. 含蓄條件句含蓄條件句 2021/3/1449 insist, order / command, suggest / advise / propose / recommend, desire / demand / require / request / ask shou

32、ld do ! should do ! should do ! 二二. 名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣 二二. 名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣 1. 一一 “堅持堅持” (insist) , 二二“命令命令” (order, command) , 四四“建議建議” (advise, suggest, propose, recommend) , 五五“要求要求” (ask, demand, require, request, desire) + (that) sb (should) do . 或是或是 (that) sb / sth (should) be done

33、賓語從句賓語從句 我們建議我們建議Tom 去休息一下。去休息一下。 他堅持要我與他同行。他堅持要我與他同行。 他們要求派他們要求派Tom去那兒工作。去那兒工作。 老師要求作業(yè)要及時完成。老師要求作業(yè)要及時完成。 We suggested _ . He insisted _ . They requested (that) Tom _ _ . (that) Tom have a rest (that) I (should ) go with him (should) be sent to work there The teacher asked (that) our homework _ _ .

34、(should) be finished in time 2021/3/1452 2. 這些動詞相對應(yīng)的名詞性從句也用這些動詞相對應(yīng)的名詞性從句也用 should do It is suggested that we (should) practise reading English everyday. The suggestion given by our teacher is that we (should) practise reading English everyday. The teacher give us a suggestion that we (should) practi

35、se reading English everyday. 2021/3/1453 2. 這些動詞相對應(yīng)的名詞性從句也用這些動詞相對應(yīng)的名詞性從句也用should do It is ordered / commanded / suggested / advised / requested / required / demanded that (should) do The / Ones insistence / order / command / suggestion / advice / proposal / recommendation / request / requirement / d

36、emand / desire is / was that (should) do a / the suggestion / request (等等) that (should) do 主語從句主語從句 表語從句表語從句 同位語從句同位語從句 Its suggested that the plan (should) be carried out at once . The old womans demand is that her son (should) come to see her once a week. We are in favor of the advice that the fa

37、ctory (should) be closed down. 2021/3/1455 3. wish 的賓語從句的賓語從句 1. wish 的賓語的賓語 從句從句 與與現(xiàn)在事實相反現(xiàn)在事實相反: 一般一般過去時過去時( be 用用were ) 與過去事實相反與過去事實相反: 過去完成時過去完成時 與將來事實相反與將來事實相反: would/could +V.原原 should I wish I _ (be) as tall as Yao Ming. were I wish/wished I _ (have not) eaten so much watermelon. hadnt I wish

38、it _ ( will ) rain tomorrow. If so, I can stay at home to have a good sleep. would He wishes he _ ( become ) a scientist some day. could / would become 2021/3/1460 三三. 虛擬語氣特殊句型與固定句式虛擬語氣特殊句型與固定句式: 1. would rather 寧愿寧愿,但愿但愿 sb did 與現(xiàn)在或?qū)砼c現(xiàn)在或?qū)?情況相反情況相反 sb had done 與過去情況相反與過去情況相反 I would rather you ret

39、urned me my money now. I would rather we hadnt told her the bad news. I would rather you came tomorrow. 2. as if / as though 思考思考: as if / as though 后面的句子后面的句子 是主句還是從句是主句還是從句? He behaves as if he_(own) the house. owned 1). 1). 從句的動作與主句動作同時發(fā)生從句的動作與主句動作同時發(fā)生 ( (可以可以 理解成與現(xiàn)在事實相反理解成與現(xiàn)在事實相反) ) He behaves a

40、s if he _ (be) the owner of the house. were She talked about Rome as though she _ (be) there herself. had been 2). 2). 從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前 ( (可以可以 理解成與過去事實相反理解成與過去事實相反) ) He coughed (咳嗽咳嗽) twice as if someone would come. 他咳嗽兩聲就好像有人要來了。他咳嗽兩聲就好像有人要來了。 3). 3). 從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之后從句的動作發(fā)生在主句動作之后 ( (可

41、以可以 理解成與將來事實相反理解成與將來事實相反) ) 2021/3/1465 總結(jié)總結(jié) as if / as though 與與現(xiàn)在事實相反現(xiàn)在事實相反: 一般一般過去時過去時( be 用用were ) 與過去事實相反與過去事實相反: 過去完成時過去完成時 與將來事實相反與將來事實相反: would/could + V.原原 (了解了解) should 與與 wish 的賓語從句相似的賓語從句相似 3. It is (high / about ) time (that) “是時候是時候. (做某事做某事)” 注意注意: should不能省略不能省略 sb did sb should do 是

42、時候采取措施來保護環(huán)境了。是時候采取措施來保護環(huán)境了。 It is ( high / about ) time that we took / should take measures to protect the environment. 你該走了。你該走了。 Its (high / about) time that you went / should go. 4. 在表達驚異、惋惜、遺憾、理應(yīng)如此等意義的在表達驚異、惋惜、遺憾、理應(yīng)如此等意義的 固定句式中常使用虛擬語氣固定句式中常使用虛擬語氣 Its necessary / strange / natural (自然的自然的, 理應(yīng)如此的理

43、應(yīng)如此的) / important + that sb (should) do 1). It is important that we _ ( master ) a foreign language. 2). 真奇怪真奇怪,她竟然拒絕來參加她竟然拒絕來參加party。 Its _ that she _ to come to the party. 3). 鳥在樹上安歇鳥在樹上安歇 / 休息是很自然的。休息是很自然的。 It is _ that a bird _ in trees. ( should ) master (should) refusestrange natural(should) r

44、est 2021/3/1470 5. If only ! 要是要是就好就好 了了 If only 與與現(xiàn)在事實相反現(xiàn)在事實相反: 一般一般過去時過去時( be 用用were ) 與過去事實相反與過去事實相反: 過去完成時過去完成時 If only it stopped raining now! If only we had followed your advice! 2021/3/1471 總結(jié)總結(jié) wish, would rather, as if / as though, if only 表虛擬時的共同點是表虛擬時的共同點是: 時態(tài)往后退一步時態(tài)往后退一步,同同if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句 四

45、四. 情態(tài)動詞表示虛擬情態(tài)動詞表示虛擬 1. 本本想想/打算打算做某事卻沒做做某事卻沒做 2. 本本應(yīng)該應(yīng)該做某事卻沒做做某事卻沒做 3. 本本不該不該做某事卻做了做某事卻做了 4. 本本能夠能夠做某事卻沒做做某事卻沒做 5. 寧愿寧愿過去過去做了某事卻沒做做了某事卻沒做 6. 最好最好過去過去做了某事卻沒做做了某事卻沒做 7. 本本不必不必做某事卻做了做某事卻做了 would have done should/ought to have done shouldnt/oughtnt to have done could have done would rather have done had

46、better have done neednt have done must have done might have done cant/ couldnt have done 過去肯定發(fā)生了過去肯定發(fā)生了 過去可能發(fā)生了過去可能發(fā)生了 過去不可能發(fā)生過去不可能發(fā)生 1. insist, suggest 2. as if/though 3. if 五五. 可用可不用虛擬語氣的情況可用可不用虛擬語氣的情況 2021/3/1474 insist / suggest 各有兩種意思各有兩種意思,用不同的語氣用不同的語氣 insist : “堅決堅決/持要求持要求”用虛擬語氣用虛擬語氣,即即 shoul

47、d do; insist : “堅持認為堅持認為, 堅持說堅持說”用陳述語氣用陳述語氣 suggest : “建議建議”用虛擬語氣用虛擬語氣,即即should do; suggest : “表明、暗示表明、暗示”用陳述語氣用陳述語氣 1. The teacher suggested that we _ (practise) more after class. 2. Her pale face suggests that she _ (be) ill today. 3. He insisted that all of us _ (get) there on time by any means.

48、4. He insisted that he _ (not steal) the diamond, and that he should be set free. 他堅持說他沒偷鉆石他堅持說他沒偷鉆石,應(yīng)該立刻被釋放。應(yīng)該立刻被釋放。 (should) practise i s (should) get hadnt stolen 2021/3/1476 as if / as though When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken. The dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain. a. ifa. if真實條件句真實條件句 表示條件是表示條件是真的或真的或 有可能實現(xiàn)的有可能實現(xiàn)的, , 采用采用陳述語氣陳述語氣。 b. ifb. if虛擬條件句虛擬條件句 表示條件是表示條件是虛擬的虛擬的 或幾乎無法實現(xiàn)的或幾乎無法實現(xiàn)的, , 采用采用虛