NA及TDR教育訓(xùn)練資料

1、NA及TDR教育訓(xùn)練資料Excellent science and technology, high frequency measurement, education, trainingTheme of education and trainingBasic concepts of signalsMeaning of parametersNetwork analyzer (NA) profileTime domain reflectometry (TDR) Introduction.A brief introduction to the measurement methods of NA/ a

2、nd TDR.Comparison of NA and TDRGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye Polytron Technologies IncFirst pageBasic mode of signal transmission:1, Single, end (single ended): signal + ground wire+Analog (sinusoidal):G digital (Fang Bo): G2, Common, mode (common / same mode): signal + signal (both the same)+Analog (

3、sinusoidal):+Digital (Fang Bo):+GG3, Differential, mode (differential / differential): positive signal+ negative signals (opposite)+Analog (sinusoidal):Digital (Fang Bo):VGVG-Ghiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, second pagesBasic mode of signal reception:1, Single, end (single end

4、ed) reception: signal voltage= signal line voltage ground voltageSSingle ended receiverSignal= S-G=S (G=0)GSingle ended transmission2, Common, mode (same mode) reception: signal voltage = two, line voltage plus / 2- ground voltageS1Signal= (S1+S2) /2-G=SSame mode receptionS2(S1=S2=S, G=0)GSame mode

5、transmission3, Differential, mode (differential) receive: signal voltage = two, signal line voltage subtractionS1VGS2Differential receptionSignal= S1-S2 = S(S1=, S/2, S2=, -S/2, VG=0)Differential transmissionGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, third pagesBasic mode of signal rece

6、ption:1, Single end (single ended) transmission, differential mode receiving results?SGDifferential receive signalAndSignal=?Single ended transmission2, Common mode (common mode) transmission, differential mode receiving results?S1S2Differential receptionSignal=?GSame mode transmission3, Differentia

7、l mode (differential) transmission mode with a receiving results?S1VGSame mode receptionSignal=?S2Differential transmissionGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, fourth pagesCharacteristics of basic signals:1, Single, end (single ended):Advantages: simple signal processing, low wire

8、 costExcept for COAXIAL, higher cost)Disadvantages: higher working voltage, high frequency interference (except for COAXIAL, most undisturbed)2, Common, mode (CO / same mode):Essentially, analog transmission is used to simulate noise or as a measurement of wire balance characteristics,There is no ne

9、ed to transmit signals in general3, Differential, mode (differential / differential):Advantages: low voltage, noise cancellation function (high frequency performance / price ratio, optimum)Disadvantages: signal processing costs are higherGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, fifth

10、pagesHigh frequency characteristics of the basic line termination structure:Open1, Open (open / circuit):Features: signal total reflection, with the same phase2, Short (short circuit):Characteristic: signal total reflection, but oppositeShortMatching Load3, Matching, Load (matching load):Characteris

11、tics: signal complete absorption (transmission) without reflection4, Unmatching (incomplete match):Characteristics: the signal portion absorbs (transmits), partially reflectsUnmatching LoadGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, sixth pagesHigh frequency characteristics of the basic

12、line termination structure:VOpen.I=0IiV,Features: signal total reflection, with the same phaseV,VIVIrV R1, Open (open / circuit):2, Short (short circuit):Characteristic: signal total reflection, but oppositeR, V, I, V, rI, iI, R, I, iIVVV= T = =-0IIiVV,IrV,I, V, R, V, R, V, iVVV- = =+0VVVVVShortVVRV

13、Ghiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, seventh pagesOverview of high frequency transmission of basic linesThe actual line can not be completely matched, so the signal is transmitted over the lineA series of penetrating (absorption) and reflected resultsreceiving endTransmitting endd

14、efectGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, eighth pagesExcellent science and technology, high frequency measurement, education, trainingTheme of education and trainingBasic concepts of signalsMeaning of parametersNetwork analyzer (NA) profileTime domain reflectometry (TDR) Introduc

15、tion.A brief introduction to the measurement methods of NA/ and TDR.Comparison of NA and TDRGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye Polytron Technologies IncNinth pageMeaning of parameterCharacteristic impedanceCharacteristic Impedance,Z)The transmission line is affected by its structure, and when a high freque

16、ncy signal is transmitted, the characteristic of current and voltage in each point of the wire is higher than that of the transmission line.The formula is as follows:L p 2 jR + Phi Phi V= R+jwxf0), very small, R (if GC of jG=0Z=P fC 2 + phi IDepending on the type of signal transmitted, the impedance

17、 measured can be divided into the following three:Single ended impedanceZse (Single, Ended)Two differential impedanceZdiff (Differential, Mode)Three, same mode impedanceZcom (Common, Mode)In general, the port of the instrument is single endedThe impedance of 50 is most common. If you want to measure

18、 with NADifferential signalWhen,Need to go throughBulan conversion willNASingle ended signalConverts to differential signals.TDRSingle ended signalTurn. IntoDifferential signalOr same mode signal , just set the instrument port.LfGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, tenth pagesMean

19、ing of parameterAttenuation / insertion lossAlpha,Attenuation / Insertion Loss)Refers to the output voltage (Vout) and the incident voltage (Vin), compared to the remaining signal loss?.Usually measured by NA, which can be directly measured by the instrument and expressed in the form of dBThe formul

20、a is as follows:Alpha= 10 log (Pout / Pin) = 20 log (Vout/, Vin)If the ATT value is closer to0, the less signal loss occurs. Otherwise, the ATT valueThe more negative (smaller) is, the more serious the signal loss is.VinVoutGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, eleventh pagesMeanin

21、g of parameterPropagation delay timeDelay)Refers to the signal in the transmission line, from the input number to the receiving endThe time required can be divided according to the signal type:First, single ended delay (Single, Ended, Delay)Two, differential delay (Differential, Mode, Delay)Three, s

22、ame mode delay (Common Mode Delay)DelayGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, Twelfth pagesMeaning of parameterPropagation delay time differenceDelay Skew)Refers to the time difference between the signal and the receiver at different signal lines, that is, DelayDifference, the commo

23、n Delay can be divided into two kinds:Differential pair internal delay (Intra-pair Skew) refers to the input differential signal,Difference between the Single-end Delay of two wires in the same pair of lines (subtraction).Two, difference between the delay difference (Inter-pair, Skew), refers to the

24、 difference between the lineDifferential Delay difference (subtraction).If the value of the Delay Skew is longer, the smaller the time difference of the signal transmission is, theThe transmission characteristics are consistent.Conversely, the larger the Delay Skew value, the greater the time differ

25、ence in the signal transmissionThe transmission properties of wood are inconsistent.Ghiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, thirteenth pagesMeaning of parameter(difference) delay difference between two systems (Inter-pair Skew) yesOf or between linesDifferential Delay subtraction.- i

26、s more than 2 times the measure calculatedInter pair SkewGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, fourteenth pagesMeaning of parameterDifferential to internal delay differenceIntra-pair, Skew) means the sameOf two wires in a lineSingle-end Delay subtraction.- inSet the Differential si

27、gnal on TDR, one time straightYou can pick it upSkew, =0, Intra, pair, SkewGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, Fifteenth pagesMeaning of parameterCrosstalkXtalk, Cross, talk)Electromagnetic noise of two lines that interfere with each other generally increases with increasing freq

28、uency.The measurements can be madeNA orTDR to measure, the formula is as follows:Xtalk= 10, log (Pout / Pin) = 20, log (Vout/, Vin) in, dB, by, NAXtalk = Vout / Vin in% by TDRIf the Xtalk value approaches the 0 dB (or near 100%), the noise disturbance is more serious.Conversely, the Xtalk dB value i

29、s negative (or near)0%) there is less noise interference.Ghiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, sixteenth pagesMeaning of parameterGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye Polytron Technologies IncCrosstalk can be divided into two major categories:Near end crosstalkfar end crosstalkCrosstalk (Xt

30、alk, Cross, talk)VinVnearNEXT = 20, log (Vnear/, Vin), in, dB, or, Vnear/, Vin, in,%FEXT = 20, log (Vfar/, Vin), in, dB, or, Vfar/, Vinin,%VfarSeventeenth pageMeaning of parameterDecline in rise timeTr, Risetime, degradation)When the signal passes through the object to be measured, the waveform rise

31、s longer, and the longer it rises, the signalA partial decline of higher frequencyThe more serious, the smaller the range of bandwidth available.0.35 = rise time recession (NS) * bandwidth (GHz)80%20%DUTTr_sysTr_meaTr_sys: system rise time (including connecting wires and fixtures)Tr_mea: final measu

32、rement time of rise (including connecting lines and fixtures plus line to be measured)Tr_dut: the rise time of the object to be measuredTr_dut= (Tr_mea2, -Tr_sys2) -DVI req.Ghiatek TechnologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, eighteenth pagesMeaning of parameterRise time and bandwidthGhiatek Tech

33、nologiesGood Ye, Polytron Technologies Inc, nineteenth pagesExcellent science and technology, high frequency measurement, education, trainingTheme of education and trainingBasic concepts of signalsMeaning of parametersNetwork analyzer (NA) profileTime domain reflectometry (TDR) Introduction.A brief

34、introduction to the measurement methods of NA/ and TDR.Comparison of NA and TDRGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye Polytron Technologies IncTwentieth pageNetwork Analyzer network analyzer brief network analyzer brief introductionRFOUT R A BPort1 Port2APC-7 3.5 mm / SMA S-ParameterAdaptor APC-7 Test SetConne

35、ctorGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye Polytron Technologies IncTwenty-first pageIntroduction to Network Analyzer network analyzerAgilent E5071B ENA series RF network analyzer, 300 kHz to 8.5 GHzGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye Polytron Technologies IncTwenty-second pageInternal structure of Network Analyzer in

36、ternal knotSource大連理工大學(xué)事件反射傳播類比訊號(hào)射頻輸出信號(hào)分離接收器/探測(cè)器處理器/顯示入射反射透射對(duì)甲ghiatek技術(shù)佳燁科技股份有限公司23頁第網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析儀的量測(cè)概的量測(cè)概念源DUT事件（R）傳播（b）類比訊號(hào)（入射波）（傳輸波）反射（a）（反射波）反射（反射）傳輸（傳輸波）傳播（b）反射（a）事件（R）事件（R）組駐波比返回（增益/損耗增益/損耗S21、S12）插入延遲阻抗損耗（S參數(shù)）傳輸階段（駐波比）S11，S22（S參數(shù)）反射系數(shù)（反射係數(shù)）（傳輸係數(shù)）ghiatek技術(shù)佳燁科技股份有限公司24頁第網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析儀的量測(cè)圖的量測(cè)圖形衰減遠(yuǎn)端串音ghiatek技術(shù)佳燁科

37、技股份有限公司25頁第基本概念什么是分貝？分貝：2個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí)的比率P2dB = 10 log10P1V22P2十IRF（1v2 R2VDB10日志20 log10）R二十一=log10= =P1V12R1電壓：Power：10分貝T 10倍20分貝T 10倍20分貝T 100倍- 20分貝T 1/10- 10分貝T 1/106分貝t 2次- 20分貝T 1/100- 6分貝T 1/23分貝t 2次- 3分貝T 1/2ghiatek技術(shù)佳燁科技股份有限公司26頁第基本概念損益源（刺激）E輸出E輸出損益E輸入E輸出如果 1，稱為增益E輸入E輸出如果 1，叫做損失E輸入Power：20分貝t 100次

38、- 20分貝T 1/1006分貝t 4次- 6分貝T 1/4E輸入監(jiān)控（響應(yīng)）大連理工大學(xué)E輸出P2dB = 10 log10 P1V2dB = 20 log10 V1如果大于0分貝，稱為增益。如果小于0分貝，稱為損失電壓：20分貝t 10次- 20分貝T 1/106分貝t 2次- 6分貝T 1/2ghiatek技術(shù)佳燁科技股份有限公司27頁第佳燁科技高頻量測(cè)教育訓(xùn)練教育訓(xùn)練主題訊號(hào)的基本概念。參數(shù)的意義。網(wǎng)路分析儀簡(jiǎn)介（NA）。時(shí)域反射儀（TDR）簡(jiǎn)介。鈉/ TDR量測(cè)方式簡(jiǎn)介。那與TDR的比較ghiatek技術(shù)佳燁科技股份有限公司28頁第安捷倫TDR時(shí)域反射儀- 54750aTDR主機(jī)馬力

39、的54750a（時(shí)域反射計(jì)）TDT模組馬力的54751a模組- HP 54754A TDR（時(shí)域傳輸模塊）（時(shí)域反射模塊）ghiatek技術(shù)佳燁科技股份有限公司29頁第安捷倫TDR時(shí)域反射儀- 86100aTDR主機(jī)-安捷倫86100a（時(shí)域反射計(jì)）TDT模組-安捷倫86112a TDR模組-安捷倫54754a（時(shí)域傳輸模塊）（時(shí)域反射模塊）ghiatek技術(shù)佳燁科技股份有限公司30頁第泰克TDR時(shí)域反射儀- tds8200TDR主機(jī)- tds8200（時(shí)域反射計(jì)）TDT模組- 80e04 TDR模組- 80e03（時(shí)域傳輸模塊）（時(shí)域反射模塊）ghiatek技術(shù)佳燁科技股份有限公司31頁第T

40、DR是干什么的？反射系數(shù)（r）參考平面（t0，l0）ZL =￥（開）ZL = 50歐姆（DUT匹配）ZL = 0歐姆（短）時(shí)間（或距離）感應(yīng)電容ghiatek技術(shù)佳燁科技股份有限公司32頁第TDR的反射量測(cè)（TDR）參考平面T =指向T = T = 2tl = VP / t2步進(jìn)電機(jī)ZL測(cè)試輸電系統(tǒng)一數(shù)字示波器工程安裝工程安裝呃!= 0b0DT = 0鉺傳播速度時(shí)間參考飛機(jī)失配Tghiatek技術(shù)佳燁科技股份有限公司33頁第TDR的傳輸量測(cè)（TDT）數(shù)字示波器步進(jìn)電機(jī)大連理工大學(xué)不及物動(dòng)詞佛蒙特州VR VTTT0 ttghiatek技術(shù)佳燁科技股份有限公司34頁第TDR的量測(cè)圖形ghiatek

41、技術(shù)Good Ye Polytron Technologies IncThirty-fifth pageExcellent science and technology, high frequency measurement, education, trainingTheme of education and trainingBasic concepts of signalsMeaning of parametersNetwork analyzer (NA) profileTime domain reflectometry (TDR) Introduction.A brief introduc

42、tion to the measurement methods of NA/ and TDR.Comparison of NA and TDRGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye Polytron Technologies IncThirty-sixth pageNetwork Analyzer FundamentalTransmission Parameters CalibrationNetwork AnalyzerRRFout BAS-ParameterTest Set P1 P2RSRPMatch PadNA s P2RSRPMatch PadThru KitNA Th

43、ru Calibration network analyzer transmission correctionGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye Polytron Technologies IncThirty-seventh pageNetwork Analyzer FundamentalTransmission ParametersNetwork AnalyzerRRFout BAS-ParameterTe SP1 P2RSMatch Pads, P2, RPRSMatch PadRPAttenuation (a, Attenuation)Delay (VR, Delay

44、)The delay difference (Skew) is calculated by Delay (max) -Delay (min)Ghiatek TechnologiesGood Ye Polytron Technologies IncThirty-eighth pageNetwork Analyzer FundamentalTransmission ParametersThirty-ninth pageGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye Polytron Technologies IncNetwork AnalyzerRRFout BAS-ParameterTe

45、st Set P1 P2RSRPMatch PadNA s P2 RSRPMatch PadFar end crosstalk (Far End Cross Talk)Network AnalyzerRRFout BAS-ParameterTest Set P1 P2RSRPMatch PadNA s P2RSRPMatch PadNear end crosstalk (Near, End, Cross, Talk)TDR mode calibrationSingle end single ended Differential differentialtypeCommon common mod

46、eTDROpenOpenInputTDRLoadLoad InputOpen calibration measurement positionLoad correction 50 voltage levelGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye Polytron Technologies IncFortieth pageTDR mode measure voltageSingle end single ended Differential differentialtypeCommon common modeTDRDUTInput OpenTDRDUTInputcharacter

47、istic impedance(Characteristic, Impedance)Single end ImpedanceCommon mode ImpedanceDifferential ImpedanceOpenGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye Polytron Technologies IncForty-first pageMatching?Zo = 50, W, Zo = 75, WGhiatek TechnologiesGood Ye Polytron Technologies IncForty-second page模式測(cè)量時(shí)間TDR正常開放輸入TDRdut

48、input開放T1T2T延遲（VR、Delay）=T / 2 =（T2 - T1）/ 2延遲差（斜）由延遲（最大）- Delay（min）計(jì)算得到ghiatek技術(shù)佳燁科技股份有限公司43頁第該模式測(cè)量輸電電壓?jiǎn)味藛味宋⒎植顒?dòng)式常見的共模TDRDUTInput輸出TDR大連理工大學(xué)輸入輸出上升時(shí)間（上升時(shí)間）串音（相聲）ghiatek技術(shù)佳燁科技股份有限公司44頁第該模式測(cè)量傳播時(shí)間輸入輸出TDRT1T2TTDRDUTInput輸出延遲（VR、Delay）=T =（T2 - T1）延遲差（斜）由延遲（最大）- Delay（min）計(jì)算得到ghiatek技術(shù)佳燁科技股份有限公司45頁第近端串音前

49、/遠(yuǎn)端ZO主線ZO相鄰的線ZO反向/近端ZO主線范圍區(qū)輸入相鄰的線ZO范圍輸入ZOZOghiatek技術(shù)佳燁科技股份有限公司46頁第佳燁科技高頻量測(cè)教育訓(xùn)練教育訓(xùn)練主題訊號(hào)的基本概念。參數(shù)的意義。網(wǎng)路分析儀簡(jiǎn)介（NA）。時(shí)域反射儀（TDR）簡(jiǎn)介。鈉/ TDR量測(cè)方式簡(jiǎn)介。那與TDR的比較ghiatek技術(shù)佳燁科技股份有限公司47頁第何謂網(wǎng)路分析儀（NA）。基本上網(wǎng)路分析儀是一臺(tái)掃頻的分析儀（頻譜分析儀），因此我們可以設(shè)定起始頻率及終止頻率，如下圖，X軸就是網(wǎng)路分析儀的頻率，開始就是掃頻的起始頻率；停止就是掃頻的截止頻率，意思也就是說網(wǎng)路分析儀所發(fā)射出來的頻率範(fàn)圍為起始頻率至終止頻率之間。網(wǎng)路分析儀不論反射或傳輸均只能量得被測(cè)物整體的特性。ghiatek技術(shù)48頁佳燁科技股份有限公司第何謂網(wǎng)路分析儀（NA）。我們談到軸是頻率那麼軸是什麼呢X，Y？原來在之前我們談到的參數(shù)（如阻抗、RL、SWR、衰減、延遲等）就是被放等。在Y軸，所以從上面的圖形可知，無論量測(cè)上面所述任一種參數(shù)，X軸始終都是頻率。ghiatek技術(shù)佳燁科技股份有限公司49頁第What is time domain reflectometry (TDR)?.Time domain re