現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別

1、現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時都表示一個在過去完成的動作。它們屬于不同時間的兩種時態(tài)，現(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的范疇，而一般過去時屬于過去時態(tài)的范疇。下面我們先從構(gòu)成形式上區(qū)別一下兩種時態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在完成時的動詞形式為：“have (has)+動詞的過去分詞” 像have/has done：而一般過去時的動詞形式為：“動詞的過去式”像did .例如：Jacks mother took him to school every day when he was in primary school.杰克在小學(xué)時他媽媽每天送他上學(xué)。Maria has never

2、read any Chinese stories. 瑪利亞從未讀過中國故事。2. 基本用法不同：“對現(xiàn)在影響”、“持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”正如前面所說，現(xiàn)在完成時是與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時態(tài)，屬現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的范疇，現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時最大的區(qū)別有兩點(diǎn)：它側(cè)重于過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響；而一般過去時是一種過去時態(tài)，側(cè)重于表示過去的動作，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。例如:Yesterday I went to the zoo.昨天我去了動物園。（僅說明昨天去了動物園，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)）Li Lei has read the book. 李磊已看過那本書。（說明李磊了解那本書的內(nèi)容）另外，現(xiàn)在完成時還可以表示動作從過去某個時候開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)

3、在，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性它常與for及since引導(dǎo)的一段時間狀語連用。例如：He has lived here for ten years. 他已在這兒住了10年了。比較：1.)The Greens have worked in China since 1998.格林一家自1998年到現(xiàn)在一直在中國工作。The Greens worked in China in 1998.格林一家1998年在中國工作。2.) He has lived in the country for a long time. 他在農(nóng)村生活了很長時間。（現(xiàn)在還在農(nóng)村）He lived in the country for a

4、 long time before he came to town.他進(jìn)城前在農(nóng)村生活了很長時間。3.) She has bought a bicycle.她買了一輛自行車。（現(xiàn)在她有一輛自行車了。）She bought a bicycle last year.去年她買了一輛自行車。4.) He has won a prize for his invention.他因?yàn)樗陌l(fā)明而獲獎了。He also won a prize last year.他去年也獲獎了。注意：在與for及since引導(dǎo)的一段時間狀語連用時，句子的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞，終止性動詞不可和一段時間連用。例如：他當(dāng)兵已三年

5、了。誤：He has become a soldier for three years.誤：He joined the army for three years.正：He has been a soldier for three years.正：He has been in the army for three years.1.連用的時間狀語不同與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的時間狀語除了上面所說明的由since和for引導(dǎo)的一段時間外還有：already, yet, still ,just, so far, in the last(past), before, ever, never等。而一般過去時則常與

6、ago, yesterday, last, in 2000, just now等連用。注意：現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)不可與yesterday, last week, two days ago等之類的表示具體的過去時間的狀語連用。例如：Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on the grass in the park?你曾在公園里摘過花或曾踩過草地嗎？Father bought that watch ten years ago.爸爸10年前買了那塊手表。I have never seen the film before. 我以前沒有看過這部影片。注意：在when

7、引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句中不可用現(xiàn)在完成時，而只可用一般過去時。例如：When did you visit Japan?你什么時候訪問過日本？Exercises:同步練習(xí)動詞填空：1.saw I _(see) Tom last Friday.2.Did， go _you _(go) to the Great Wall last summer?3. When _did_ you _start_(start) to live in China?5. -The train _ (leave) already. -When _ the train _(leave)?6. It is five years si

8、nce I _(meet) you last.7. Where _ you _(be) for the last two weeks?8. I _ (lose) my pen in the bedroom. I have to write with a pencil.單項(xiàng)選擇：( ) 1. -Where _ the recorder? I cant see it anywhere. - I _ it right here. But now its gone! A. did you put; haveput B. have you put; put C. had you put; was put

9、ting D. were you putting; have put( ) 2. My father _ here since he _ to this school. A. taught; came B. has taught; came C. taught; has come D. has taught; has come( ) 3. I am sorry youve missed the train. It _ 10 minutes ago. (山東) A. left B. has left C. has been left D. had left( ) 4. Hi! Jim! Nice

10、 to meet you again! Its one year since I last _ you.(重慶) A. saw B. see C. seeing D. have seen( ) 5. - Have you visited the Dinosaur World, Elsa? （寧波） - Yes, I _ it yesterday. A. have visited B. had visited C. visited D. visit( ) 6. - Nice to see you. I _ you for a long time. (南京)- I _ in Bejing. Ive

11、 just come back. A. hadnt seen; am B. havent seen; was C. didnt see; will be D. havent seen; shall be( ) 7. -What is the weather like this summer here? - There _ very little rain. A. has B. has been C. are D. have been( ) 8. When _you _ your dictionary? A. did; lose B. has; lost C. will; lose D. does; lose( ) 9. Where _ you _? Which answer is not right?A. are; going B. have; been C. did; go D. are; doing( ) 10. There _ many great changes in my hometown since ten years ago. A