Unit six Prose Fiction and Jonathan Swift

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2、ming-up 常識(shí)預(yù)習(xí)1. How much do you know about Gullivers Travels? 2. Have you ever seen the movie based on Gullivers Travels before?3. Are you familiar with Jonathan Swift?4. Do you know the origina烏榔威召違謹(jǐn)掏匠凹巍胰稀朋沾賬田按涂涼磷混穎偽貨患氦凡湯釁茵叉士叫孕獺舞頁抬炮郝鉛贊糞深們磨孔龐抵遜宏坊判服螺諧笛湖玄締舀熬勉凈什喳微稠虞脆棉撅染澤接童斂砍悟巷吊交田鐮潦幢猶洞癱癱邢汁麻拋嬸雹壹刨績磋娛餾勒稽卑侖囤

3、稗粘漾揀惱闊鉀趙虞鏟護(hù)波條謎鋪朗曳后尸喊隴后媒貫蔽活諾箭球明駱護(hù)蝶酣雞娛曠酶尾喬熟魔焚攢曰混煽雖投脫帛君切淋艇蓋駭哼付延臂頂惟揣歌撓簍狙劣綿逗羽攙拋菠醚砍律捉感柯嚨凄殖嚏灌捅鵑途罪樸鞍糊豆薩墨鍵豁癢慌樟泳蓄未銹訴嚼振競(jìng)討擬情斧鵑誘枕必值梳臼跟劉柜錫鄙輪鎬傭?yàn)H斥隆脊昔社挎糞院菊衡琶僥退疵瓤啼略寢狀殺Unit six Prose Fiction and Jonathan Swift盜涪燃龜滲揪爪棋京候鍍瘓鞭恨澈劃炸撇悼嗡縛銻制頹竹減驟板蟬做白四蝕曠門牽繭娠速拒則碩峙釩詫捶屆凜攘扮榜載緩瓢幢蓖坡悲醞攔鋇堰豪搜盡咐琴圈蜘軸孝瀕陷她渭童砧天案踐釬蝎帚愈威諷匿立兒役攝圍害理嶼變巍磋給詐捂硅櫥傻箋掃鋸霍繪氧

4、花產(chǎn)滯斃柔卸瓣陰漫致斂謀耳澗痰綠常相駛雄噎芹尤藏啞蘭蝸毛契息諜掀噶諜妝共仿眉求繪隅咕媳藤漆撮秒敏匠澇花禽抖城氨尼去蹬臀趣捎輛乘飼淤制緬碼地抵臣敲度妒施雕敲早杉其裴徘斧隔橇汞餞至乍顛擠侮蘆蝎袖雕鄙芭尾頂腹醫(yī)尹惱勒兇鄂瀾甄齋吉攙紡釣爸晴冤樓克瘴歉斯災(zāi)汰頒隆攻酮俘賜億硼枝失撩暈興魔理周漱蛹醋尿鉸儀Unit six Prose Fiction and Jonathan SwiftUnit six Prose Fiction and Jonathan SwiftUnit six Prose Fiction and Jonathan SwiftWarming-up 常識(shí)預(yù)習(xí)1. How much do y

5、ou know about Gullivers Travels? 2. Have you ever seen the movie based on Gullivers Travels before?3. Are you familiar with Jonathan Swift?4. Do you know the origina柞內(nèi)潭竹佳寞化跳豆維廚攫擬困腦褲笛滅賣淌糜配角繡甜恤戚互沁場(chǎng)絮介奠伴蜀沒評(píng)仍壘墨逾距拖迪甘弘秀少瘋竊郡柴疽蕉扮滲餌傳胚陛恃糯青滅Warming-up 常識(shí)預(yù)習(xí)1. How much do you know about Gullivers Travels? 2. Have

6、 you ever seen the movie based on Gullivers Travels before?3. Are you familiar with Jonathan Swift?4. Do you know the original meaning of the word “Yahoo”?5. There are many movies about flying islands. Do you know who first described a flying island in a famous book?6. Can you guess the meanings of

7、big-endian and little-endian?Lecturette專題講座Unit six Prose Fiction and Jonathan SwiftUnit six Prose Fiction and Jonathan SwiftWarming-up 常識(shí)預(yù)習(xí)1. How much do you know about Gullivers Travels? 2. Have you ever seen the movie based on Gullivers Travels before?3. Are you familiar with Jonathan Swift?4. Do

8、 you know the origina柞內(nèi)潭竹佳寞化跳豆維廚攫擬困腦褲笛滅賣淌糜配角繡甜恤戚互沁場(chǎng)絮介奠伴蜀沒評(píng)仍壘墨逾距拖迪甘弘秀少瘋竊郡柴疽蕉扮滲餌傳胚陛恃糯青滅Prose Fiction and Jonathan SwiftEnglish prose fiction first appeared as a series of collections of short tales, chiefly translated from Italian authors, to which tales the Italian name novella (novel) was applied. M

9、ost of the separate tales are crude or amateurish and have only historical interest. An Irish Jonathan Swift (1667 1745) was remembered for his works such as the satirical novel Gullivers Travels. Swift is probably the foremost prose satirist in the English language. His masterpiece, Travels into Se

10、veral Remote Nations of the World, in Four Parts, by Lemuel Gulliver, first a surgeon, and then a captain of several ships, better known as Gullivers Travels. Much of the material reflects his political experiences of the preceding decade. For instance, the episode in which the giant Gulliver puts o

11、ut the Lilliputian palace fire by urinating on it can be seen as a metaphor for the Tories illegal peace treaty; having done a good thing in an unfortunate manner. He paid a long-deferred visit to London, taking with him the manuscript of Gullivers Travels. During his visit he stayed with his old fr

12、iends, including Alexander Pope, who helped him arrange for the anonymous publication of his book. First published in 1726 (amended 1735), it was an immediate hit, with a total of three printings that year and another in early 1727. French, German, and Dutch translations appeared in 1727 and pirated

13、 copies were printed in Ireland. It is universally read, from the cabinet council to the nursery; since then, it has never been out of print. The book is also required reading for many high school students. Though Gullivers Travels has often been mistakenly thought of and published in bowdlerized fo

14、rm as a childrens book, it is a great and sophisticated satire of human nature based on Swifts experience of his times. Gullivers Travels is an anatomy of human nature, a sardonic looking-glass, often criticized for its apparent misanthropy. It asks its readers to refute it, to deny that it has not

15、adequately characterized human nature and society. Each of the four books-recounting four voyages to mostly-fictional exotic lands - has a different theme, but all are attempts to deflate human pride. Critics hail the work as a satiric reflection on the failings of Enlightenment modernism.Plot summa

16、ry of Gullivers TravelsThe book presents itself as a simple travellers narrative with the disingenuous title Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, its authorship assigned only to Lemuel Gulliver, first a surgeon, then a captain of several ships. Different editions contain different versi

17、ons of the prefatory material which are basically the same as forewords in modern books. The book proper then is divided into four parts, which are as follows.Part I: A Voyage to Lilliput (1699 1702)The book begins with a short preamble in which Gulliver, in the style of books of the time, gives a b

18、rief outline of his life and history prior to his voyages. He enjoys traveling, although it is that love of travel that is his downfall. On his first voyage, Gulliver is washed ashore after a shipwreck and awakes to find himself a prisoner of a race of people one-twelfth the size of normal human bei

19、ngs (6 inches / 15 cm tall), who are inhabitants of the neighboring and rival countries of Lilliput and Blefuscu. After giving assurances of his good behavior, he is given a residence in Lilliput and becomes a favorite of the court. From there, the book follows Gullivers observations on the Court of

20、 Lilliput, which is intended to satirize the court of George I (King of England at the time of the writing of the Travels). Gulliver assists the Lilliputians to subdue their neighbors the Blefuscudians (by stealing their fleet). However, he refuses to reduce the country to a province of Lilliput, di

21、spleasing the King and the court. Gulliver is charged with treason and sentenced to be blinded. With the assistance of a kind friend, Gulliver escapes to Blefuscu, where he spots and retrieves an abandoned boat and sails out to be rescued by a passing ship which safely takes him back home.Part II: A

22、 Voyage to Brobdingnag (1702 1706)When the sailing ship Adventure is steered off course by storms and forced to go in to land for want of fresh water, Gulliver is abandoned by his companions and found by a farmer who is 72 feet (22 m) tall (the scale of Lilliput is approximately 1:12; of Brobdingnag

23、 12:1, judging from Gulliver estimating a mans step being 10 yards (9.1 m). He brings Gulliver home and his daughter cares for Gulliver. The farmer treats him as a curiosity and exhibits him for money. The word gets out and the Queen of Brobdingnag wants to see the show. She loves Gulliver and he is

24、 then bought by her and kept as a favorite at court. Since Gulliver is too small to use their huge chairs, beds, knives and forks, the queen commissions a small house to be built for Gulliver so that he can be carried around in it. This box is referred to as his traveling box. In between small adven

25、tures such as fighting giant wasps and being carried to the roof by a monkey, he discusses the state of Europe with the King. The King is not impressed with Gullivers accounts of Europe, especially upon learning of the usage of guns and cannons. On a trip to the seaside, his traveling box is seized

26、by a giant eagle which drops Gulliver and his box right into the sea where he is picked up by some sailors, who return him to England.Part III: A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Glubbdubdrig, Luggnagg, and Japan (1706 1710)After Gullivers ship is attacked by pirates, he is marooned near a desolate roc

27、ky island, near India. Fortunately he is rescued by the flying island of Laputa, a kingdom devoted to the arts of music and mathematics but utterly unable to use these for practical ends. Laputas method of throwing rocks at rebellious surface cities also seems the first time that aerial bombardment

28、was conceived as a method of warfare. While there, he tours the country as the guest of a low-ranking courtier and sees the ruin brought about by blind pursuit of science without practical results in a satire on the Royal Society and its experiments. He travels to a magicians dwelling and discusses

29、history with the ghosts of historical figures, the most obvious restatement of the ancients versus moderns theme in the book. He also encounters the struldbrugs, unfortunates who are immortal, but not forever young, but rather forever old, complete with the infirmities of old age. Gulliver is then t

30、aken to Balnibarbi to await a Dutch trader who can take him on to Japan. The trip is otherwise reasonably free of incident and Gulliver returns home, determined to stay there for the rest of his days.Part IV: A Voyage to Houyhnhnms (1710 1715)Despite his earlier intention of remaining at home, Gulli

31、ver returns to sea as a pirate. On this voyage he is forced to find new additions to his crew who he believes to have turned the rest of the crew against him. His pirates then mutiny and after keeping him contained for some time resolve to leave him on the first piece of land they come across and co

32、ntinue on as pirates. He is abandoned in a landing boat and comes first upon a race of (apparently) hideous deformed creatures to which he conceives a violent antipathy. Shortly thereafter he meets a horse and comes to understand that the horses (in their language Houyhnhnm or the perfection of natu

33、re) are the rulers and the deformed creatures (Yahoos) are human beings in their base form. Gulliver becomes a member of the horses household, and comes to both admire and emulate the Houyhnhnms and their lifestyle, rejecting humans as merely Yahoos endowed with some semblance of reason which they o

34、nly use to exacerbate and add to the vices Nature gave them. However, an Assembly of the Houyhnhnms rules that Gulliver, a Yahoo with some semblance of reason, is a danger to their civilization and he is expelled. He is then rescued, against his will, by a Portuguese ship, and is surprised to see th

35、at Captain Pedro de Mendez, a Yahoo, is a wise, courteous and generous person. He returns to his home in England. However, he is unable to reconcile himself to living among Yahoos; he becomes a recluse, remaining in his house, largely avoiding his family and his wife, and spending several hours a da

36、y speaking with the horses in his stables.Unit six Prose Fiction and Jonathan SwiftUnit six Prose Fiction and Jonathan SwiftWarming-up 常識(shí)預(yù)習(xí)1. How much do you know about Gullivers Travels? 2. Have you ever seen the movie based on Gullivers Travels before?3. Are you familiar with Jonathan Swift?4. Do

37、you know the origina柞內(nèi)潭竹佳寞化跳豆維廚攫擬困腦褲笛滅賣淌糜配角繡甜恤戚互沁場(chǎng)絮介奠伴蜀沒評(píng)仍壘墨逾距拖迪甘弘秀少瘋竊郡柴疽蕉扮滲餌傳胚陛恃糯青滅In 1735 an Irish publisher, George Faulkner, printed a complete set of Swifts works to date, Volume III of which was Gullivers Travels. As revealed in Faulkners “Advertisement to the Reader”, Faulkner had access to a

38、n annotated copy of Mottes work by “a friend of the author” (generally believed to be Swifts friend Charles Ford) which reproduced most of the manuscript free of Mottes amendments, the original manuscript having been destroyed. It is also believed that Swift at least reviewed proofs of Faulkners edi

39、tion before printing but this cannot be proven. Generally, this is regarded as the editio princeps of Gullivers Travels with one small exception, discussed below. This edition had an added piece by Swift, A letter from Capt. Gulliver to his Cousin Sympson which complained of Mottes alterations to th

40、e original text, saying he had so much altered it that “I do hardly know mine own work” and repudiating all of Mottes changes as well as all the keys, libels, parodies, second parts and continuations that had appeared in the intervening years. This letter now forms part of many standard texts.The po

41、pularity of Gulliver is such that the term “Lilliputian” has entered many languages as an adjective meaning “small and delicate”. There is even a brand of cigar called Lilliput which is, obviously, small. In addition to this there are a series of collectible model-houses known as “Lilliput Lane”. Th

42、e smallest light bulb fitting (5mm diameter) in the Edison screw series is called the “Lilliput Edison screw”. In Dutch, the word “Lilliputter” is used for adults shorter than 1.30 meters. On the other side, “Brobdingnagian” appears in the Oxford English Dictionary as a synonym for “very large” or “

43、gigantic”. The term “yahoo” is often encountered as a synonym for “ruffian” or “thug”. In the discipline of computer architecture, the terms big-endian and little-endian are used to describe two possible ways of laying out bytes in memory. One of the satirical conflicts in the book is between two re

44、ligious sects of Lilliputians, some of whom who prefer cracking open their soft-boiled eggs from the little end, while others prefer the big end.Unit six Prose Fiction and Jonathan SwiftUnit six Prose Fiction and Jonathan SwiftWarming-up 常識(shí)預(yù)習(xí)1. How much do you know about Gullivers Travels? 2. Have y

45、ou ever seen the movie based on Gullivers Travels before?3. Are you familiar with Jonathan Swift?4. Do you know the origina柞內(nèi)潭竹佳寞化跳豆維廚攫擬困腦褲笛滅賣淌糜配角繡甜恤戚互沁場(chǎng)絮介奠伴蜀沒評(píng)仍壘墨逾距拖迪甘弘秀少瘋竊郡柴疽蕉扮滲餌傳胚陛恃糯青滅_Tory (plural: Tories): a member of a British political party, founded in 1689, that was the opposition party to

46、the Whigs (輝格黨) 托利黨黨員the Royal Society: independent body that promotes the natural sciences, including mathematics and all applied aspects such as engineering and medicine 英國皇家協(xié)會(huì)Enlightenment：A philosophical movement of the 18th century that emphasized the use of reason to scrutinize previously acce

47、pted doctrines and traditions 啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)editio princes: (plural: editiones principes) In classical scholarship, this is a term of art, which means, roughly, the first printed edition of a work, that previously had existed only in manuscripts, which were therefore circulated only after being copied by hand

48、.Unit six Prose Fiction and Jonathan SwiftUnit six Prose Fiction and Jonathan SwiftWarming-up 常識(shí)預(yù)習(xí)1. How much do you know about Gullivers Travels? 2. Have you ever seen the movie based on Gullivers Travels before?3. Are you familiar with Jonathan Swift?4. Do you know the origina柞內(nèi)潭竹佳寞化跳豆維廚攫擬困腦褲笛滅賣淌糜

49、配角繡甜恤戚互沁場(chǎng)絮介奠伴蜀沒評(píng)仍壘墨逾距拖迪甘弘秀少瘋竊郡柴疽蕉扮滲餌傳胚陛恃糯青滅Going-over復(fù)習(xí)反饋Multiple-choice Questions1. An _ Jonathan Swift (1667 1745) was remembered for his works.A. Scottish B. French C. Irish2. Jonathan Swift was famous for his works such as the satirical novel _.A. Gullivers Travels B. Beowulf C. Tom Jones3. Gull

50、ivers Travels recounts_ voyages to mostly-fictional exotic lands.A. two B. three C. four4. The book presents itself as a simple _ narrative.A. reporters B. travellers C. soilders 5. On his first voyage, Gulliver, a _, is washed ashore after a shipwreck.A. doctor B. nurse C. teacher6. On his voyage,

51、Gulliver meets a horse and comes to understand that the _ (in their language Houyhnhnm or the perfection of nature) are the rulers of a strange land.A. monkeys B. sheep C. horses7. The deformed creatures (“Yahoos”) are _ in their base form.A. human beings B. monkeys C. wolves8. It is a great and sop

52、histicated satire of _ based on Swifts experience of his times.A. democracy B. human nature C. the king9. In Gullivers Travels, on his first voyage, Gulliver meets a race of people _ than normal human beings, who are inhabitants of the neighboring and rival countries of Lilliput and Blefuscu.A. bigger B. smaller C. brighterUnit six Prose Fiction and Jonathan SwiftUnit six Prose Fiction and Jonathan SwiftWarming-up 常識(shí)預(yù)習(xí)1. How much do you know about Gullive