高中英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣課件

1、The Subjunctive Mood Grammar 1. If I were Andy Lou, I would be in Hong Kong now. 2. I wish I were a millionaire. 3. We suggest that everyone should help the AIDS patients. When to use the Subjunctive Mood in English? hypotheses wishes suggestion 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣 The Subjunctive Mood 虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式是一種特殊的

2、動(dòng)詞形式 (verb structure), 用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō) 的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí) (fact)，而只是一種，而只是一種 假設(shè)假設(shè)(hypotheses )愿望愿望(wishes)、建議、建議 (suggestion) 或懷疑或懷疑(doubt)等等。等等。 The definition of the Subjunctive Mood 1. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中 1) “表示不太可能出現(xiàn)的情況表示不太可能出現(xiàn)的情況”, 條條 件從句一般用過(guò)去時(shí)件從句一般用過(guò)去時(shí),主句用主句用 would do, should do 或或 might /coul

3、d do; 虛擬語(yǔ)氣應(yīng)該注意的幾點(diǎn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣應(yīng)該注意的幾點(diǎn): : 2) 表示表示“本可能發(fā)生卻未發(fā)生的事本可能發(fā)生卻未發(fā)生的事 情情”, 條件從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)條件從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí), 主句主句 用用would have done, should have done, might / could have done. n The old men would find it difficult to get a job if they left the farm. n I should be surprised if it was less than five pounds. n If I frigh

4、tened those birds, they might fly off and I would never see them again. n If I were you, I would accept the offer. n If I were asked to define my mood, Id say “bored”. n If he had taken his doctors advice, he might not have died so soon. n If he had realized that, he would have run away while there

5、was still time. n If she had not married, she could have become special in the filed. 2. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句也可用來(lái)表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句也可用來(lái)表示“將將 來(lái)不太可能出現(xiàn)的情況來(lái)不太可能出現(xiàn)的情況”, 條件從句用條件從句用 should do, were to do或一般過(guò)去時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí), 主句用主句用 would do, should do, could/might do. n If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meet would have to be put

6、 off. n I could see the surface of the moon with my own eyes if I were to go to the moon some day. n What would you do if he failed to come tomorrow? 注意注意: 含有含有 should 的條件句的條件句, 主句可以主句可以 用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí). 例如例如: n If there should be another flood, what shall we do? n Ask her to leave a messag

7、e if she should come. 3. 在正式英語(yǔ)文體中在正式英語(yǔ)文體中, if 從句中的第從句中的第 一個(gè)動(dòng)詞如果是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞如果是should, were 或或 had, 可將此動(dòng)詞置于句首可將此動(dòng)詞置于句首, 替代替代 if例如：例如： n Were it all true, it would still not excuse their actions. n Had the captain been more careful, his ship would not have sunk. n Should any visitors come, I would say you ar

8、e not here. 4. if only 和和 suppose (supposing), 也可也可 以引導(dǎo)虛擬從句以引導(dǎo)虛擬從句 n If only I had more time, I could go there to help them. n Supposing it were fine tomorrow, would you go climbing the mountain with us? 5. If it were not / had not been for 也也 是常見(jiàn)的虛擬句型是常見(jiàn)的虛擬句型, 意思是意思是“要不要不 是是” 例如例如: n If it had not

9、been for your help, we would not have achieved so much in our work. n If it were not for the wise decision, we could not be living a happy life. 6. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于I wish的賓語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)從句 中中: 表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間, 動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí) 和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) (be動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞用were /was)。 表示過(guò)去時(shí)間表示過(guò)去時(shí)間, 動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)和動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)和 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 表示將來(lái)

10、時(shí)間表示將來(lái)時(shí)間, 動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞用詞用 would/ could 等等+動(dòng)詞原形。動(dòng)詞原形。 n I wish I knew how to operate this computer. n I wish he werent so lazy. n I do wish everything would be as quiet as before. n I wish we hadnt been working overtime yesterday. 注意注意: 這里這里I wish 所表達(dá)的意思與所表達(dá)的意思與 if only差不多。以上的句子都可差不多。以上的句子都可 以用以用if only 來(lái)代替來(lái)

11、代替 I wish 例如例如: n If only I knew how to operate this computer. n If only we hadnt been working overtime yesterday. 7. Its (about/high) time +從句，表示從句，表示 “該做而未做的事該做而未做的事”, 是一種婉轉(zhuǎn)的是一種婉轉(zhuǎn)的 建議建議, 從句中的動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。從句中的動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 例如：例如： n It is high time we began to work. n Weve enjoyed the evening, but its time

12、we went home. n Its about time the boy learned to behave himself. 8. 表示表示“要求、建議、命令要求、建議、命令” 等動(dòng)詞等動(dòng)詞 demand, require, suggest, insist, advise, order 等后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)等后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí), 從從 句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣, 即即 should + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 (do/be done), should 也可以省略例如：也可以省略例如： n He insisted that John (should) do the job. n

13、We suggest that the meeting (should) not be postponed. n The union demanded that the wages (should) be raised by 20%. 常用的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞是常用的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞是: ask (要求要求), advise (建議建議), command(命令命令), decide(決定決定), demand(要求要求), insist(堅(jiān)持堅(jiān)持), move(提提 議議), order(命令命令), propose(提出提出), require(要求要求), request(請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求), suggest (

14、建議建議), urge(主張主張) 如果這些動(dòng)詞不是如果這些動(dòng)詞不是 表示表示“要求、建議、命令要求、建議、命令”等意思時(shí)等意思時(shí), 這時(shí)賓語(yǔ)從句一般不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。這時(shí)賓語(yǔ)從句一般不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 例如：例如： n He insisted that I was wrong. (這兒這兒 insist 意思是意思是“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”） n The expression on her face suggests that she knows the secret. (這兒這兒 suggest 意思是意思是“表明表明”） 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中除了表示與將來(lái)、現(xiàn)在虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中除了表示與將來(lái)、現(xiàn)在

15、及過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況以外，還需要注意以及過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況以外，還需要注意以 下幾點(diǎn)：下幾點(diǎn)： 一、一、 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句 當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的 行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要 依據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間來(lái)調(diào)整。如：依據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間來(lái)調(diào)整。如： If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you might be well now. (條件句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反條件句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí) 相反。相反。) 如果你昨天吃了藥如果你昨天吃了藥

16、, 你的病今天也許就好你的病今天也許就好 了。了。 二、省略二、省略if的條件句的條件句 如果如果if條件句中有條件句中有were，had，should時(shí)，時(shí)， 可省略可省略if，把，把were，had，should放在主語(yǔ)前。放在主語(yǔ)前。 這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)中。如：這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)中。如： Were it necessary (= If it were necessary), I might resign 如果需要的話，我可以辭職。如果需要的話，我可以辭職。 Had you informed me earlier (= If you had informed me earlier)

17、, I wouldnt have signed the contract. 要是你早點(diǎn)告訴我的話，我是不會(huì)簽?zāi)且悄阍琰c(diǎn)告訴我的話，我是不會(huì)簽?zāi)?份合同的。份合同的。 三、含蓄條件句三、含蓄條件句 有些句子雖不含條件句，但意思和含條有些句子雖不含條件句，但意思和含條 件句的句子差不多，這種句子叫含蓄條件句，件句的句子差不多，這種句子叫含蓄條件句， 這種句子中也用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。含蓄條件句的這種句子中也用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。含蓄條件句的 “暗含暗含”之意一般用三種方法來(lái)表達(dá)：之意一般用三種方法來(lái)表達(dá)： 1. 條件暗含在短語(yǔ)中。條件暗含在短語(yǔ)中。如：如： Without air, there would be n

18、o living things. 沒(méi)有空氣，就沒(méi)有生命。沒(méi)有空氣，就沒(méi)有生命。 （條件暗含在介詞短語(yǔ)（條件暗含在介詞短語(yǔ)Without air中）中） But for your help, I couldnt have made so much progress. 要不是你的幫助，我不可能取得這么大要不是你的幫助，我不可能取得這么大 的進(jìn)步。的進(jìn)步。 （條件暗含在介詞短語(yǔ)（條件暗含在介詞短語(yǔ)But for your help中）中） This same thing, happening in wartime, would result in disaster. 同樣的事，如果發(fā)生在戰(zhàn)時(shí)，就會(huì)釀

19、同樣的事，如果發(fā)生在戰(zhàn)時(shí)，就會(huì)釀 成大禍。成大禍。 （條件暗含在分詞短語(yǔ)（條件暗含在分詞短語(yǔ)happening in wartime中）中） 2. 條件暗含在上下文中。條件暗含在上下文中。如：如： You might stay here forever. 你可以永遠(yuǎn)待在這兒。你可以永遠(yuǎn)待在這兒。 （可能暗含（可能暗含if you wanted to） They would have succeeded. 他們本來(lái)是會(huì)成功的。他們本來(lái)是會(huì)成功的。 （可能暗含（可能暗含if they had kept trying） 3. 在不少情況下，虛擬式已經(jīng)成為習(xí)慣在不少情況下，虛擬式已經(jīng)成為習(xí)慣 說(shuō)法，很

20、難找出其暗含的條件。如：說(shuō)法，很難找出其暗含的條件。如： I wouldnt have dreamed of it. 這是我做夢(mèng)也不會(huì)想到的。這是我做夢(mèng)也不會(huì)想到的。 四、省去主句的非真實(shí)條件句四、省去主句的非真實(shí)條件句 非真實(shí)條件句如果省去主句，通常表非真實(shí)條件句如果省去主句，通常表 示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。 這種條件句常用這種條件句常用if only來(lái)引導(dǎo)。如：來(lái)引導(dǎo)。如： If only I had known where to find you just now. 剛才我要是知道去哪兒找你就好了。剛才我要是知道去哪兒找你就好了。 1. If he had not

21、 lost his money, he _ the piano last week. A. would buy B. had bought C. bought D. could have bought 2. If we were to be 200 years old, we _ everything. A. will change B. can change C. could change D. changed 3. If you _ that film last night, you would not be so sleepy now. A. didnt see B. havent se

22、en C. wouldnt seen D. hadnt seen 4. You are late. If you _ a little minutes earlier, you _ him. A. came, would meet B. had come, would have met C. came, would have met D. were to come, would meet 5. But for the storm, we _ a pleasant journey. A. should have B. have had C. would have D. should have h

23、ad 6. _ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I 7. Without the computer, the problem _ in such a short time. A. couldnt be solved B. wouldnt have solved C. couldnt have been solved 8. Without electricity, human life _ quite different today. A. will be B. were to be C. would be D. is 9. “You are very selfish. Its high time you _ you are not the most importa