京劇趙氏孤兒的傳承

1、京劇趙氏孤兒（ 1959 年首演）北京京劇團(tuán)北京京劇院京劇骨子老戲搜孤救孤是與元曲趙氏孤兒大報(bào)仇相關(guān)的劇目。原劇結(jié)構(gòu) 過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單， 人物個(gè)性并不鮮明， 藝術(shù)感染力不夠強(qiáng)烈， 但因其中個(gè)別唱段非常優(yōu) 美而得以保留。我的祖父馬連良開(kāi)創(chuàng)的馬派藝術(shù)思想之一就是演雅俗共賞的戲， 讓觀眾在了解故 事的完整性的基礎(chǔ)上，更好地欣賞京劇藝術(shù)。 1959 年，他為程嬰設(shè)計(jì)了 “報(bào)信、 盜孤、盤門、定計(jì)、獻(xiàn)孤、打嬰、說(shuō)破、報(bào)仇 ”八場(chǎng)戲，首次全面地將趙氏孤 兒的故事呈現(xiàn)給觀眾。他形容自己的創(chuàng)作： “集畢生所學(xué)，于程嬰一身 ”。由于該劇藝術(shù)感染力強(qiáng)，一經(jīng)上演，轟動(dòng)全國(guó)。馬先生將趙劇的表演藝術(shù)傳 承給了他的弟子張學(xué)津等人

2、， 目前在中國(guó)的京劇舞臺(tái)上， 張學(xué)津的弟子朱強(qiáng)、 穆 宇等馬派傳人還在繼續(xù)傳承上演著這一經(jīng)典， 他們也將會(huì)把這出戲再交給他們的 學(xué)生。馬龍（制作人）The Orphan of Zhao (Beijing Opera or jingju , premiered 1959)Beijing Jingju Company/ Beijing Jingju TheatreJingju , known in the West as Beijing Opera, is the representative of the traditional theatre in China.The traditional

3、version of the Search and Rescue of the Orphan is adapted from the Yuan dynasty s miscellaneous plWayrongs Avenged by the Orphan of Zhao . Simply structured without distinctive characters, the piece lacks theatricality. However, its beautiful arias make the work appealing and the play is still perfo

4、rmed today.My grandfather Ma Lianliang, the founder of the Ma School, created a new production of The Orphan of Zhao in 1959, which represented his artistic ideals. One of Ma s objectives was to produce operas which appealed to both refined and popular tastes. He believed that the audience could app

5、reciate the theatrical form better with a comprehensive knowledge of the plot. Hence, in his Orphan , he designed eight acts round the protagonist Cheng Ying, comprising The Messenger , Smuggling the Orphan, nIspection at the Gate , lPotting , eBtrayal , Interrogating Cheng Ying, eRvelation ,and eRv

6、enge . The original story was thus for the first time presented fully on a modern stage. Ma Lianliang described this production as a lifetime s knowledge of art devoted to Cheng Ying .The strong artistic appeal of the opera produced a great sensation around the country from its first performa nee. M

7、a Lia nlia ng taught this play to his disciples; and now the third gen erati on of the Ma School, like Zhu Qiang and Mu Yu, are performing this classic all over China. With their own understanding and artistic con tributi on, they will pass on the work to their stude nts.-Ma Lu ng (Producer)Capti on

8、s:Beiji ngOpera 1魏絳將軍誤以為程嬰背叛趙家的信 任，交出了趙氏孤兒，狠狠責(zé)打年邁 的程嬰。魏絳扮演者是裘派花臉創(chuàng)始 人裘盛戎。Cheng Ying is beate n by Gen eral Wei Jia ng, who mistake nly believes that Cheng had betrayed the Zhao family rastt by handing over the orpha n.Beiji ngOpera 2Beiji ngOpera 3多年忍辱負(fù)重以后，年邁的程嬰決定 將孤兒的身世告訴長(zhǎng)大成人的趙武。 馬派老生創(chuàng)始人馬連良在1959年創(chuàng) 造

9、的程嬰影響了此后許多作品的創(chuàng)造 與演出。(攝影者陳娟美)After enduring years of humiliation, the old Cheng Ying decides to tell the grown-up orphan his true story. Ma Lia nlia ng creati on of the character Cheng Ying in 1959 has had a great impact on subseque nt product ions in all theatrical genres (photographer: Chen Jua nm ei). 程嬰告訴孤兒如若沒(méi)有各路舍生取義 的英雄，他絕對(duì)沒(méi)有今天。程嬰扮演 者朱強(qiáng)是馬派第三代傳人。Cheng Ying tells the orpha n that he would not have survived un til this day without the help of all the heroes who died for the just cause. Cheng Ying is