工業(yè)設(shè)計專業(yè)英語PPT學習教案

1、會計學1 工業(yè)設(shè)計專業(yè)英語工業(yè)設(shè)計專業(yè)英語 Traditional Chinese Furniture (B) On display in the Taiwan Museum in Taipei is a 33-piece suite of 20 different kinds of carved red sandalwood furniture, which was formerly used in the residence of a royal relative during Qing Dynasty (1616-1911 A.D.). Modern people accustomed

2、to using Western style furniture when they discover the quality of materials used excellence of workmanship, and the fine ornamental carving of traditional Chinese furniture, as represented in this exhibit. suite n. （一套）家具，套房 carve vt. 雕刻 sandalwood n. 檀香木 residence n. 住宅，居住 accustomed to 習慣于 orname

3、ntal adj. 裝飾的 第1頁/共22頁 Traditional Chinese Furniture (B) 在臺北臺灣博物館展出了一套33件20種 不同種類的紫檀雕刻家具，它是清朝王室家 庭的物品。雖然人們已經(jīng)習慣了西式家具， 但對現(xiàn)代人來說，每當在家具展覽會種看到 那些用料精細、技藝超群以及眾多令人贊嘆 雕飾的中式傳統(tǒng)家具時，還是難免產(chǎn)生一種 懷古之情。 第2頁/共22頁 Traditional Chinese Furniture (B) The development of traditional Chinese furniture went from the simple to t

4、he intricate, and was closely linked to the Chinese lifestyle and cultural and economic changes in China. In early antiquity, the Chinese sat mostly on straw mats on the floor. After the Warring States period (475-221 D.C.), beds and couches began to come into widespread use as seating. During the W

5、ei-Chin (220-420 A.D.) and the Northern and Southern dynasties (420-589 A.D.) period, Western-style chairs, folding stools, and other seating gradually entered China. From this point on, Chinese everyday living began to be conducted from chairs rather than sitting cross-legged on floor. Straw mats c

6、ame to be used as covering for beds and couches. 第3頁/共22頁 Traditional Chinese Furniture (B) intricate adj. 復(fù)雜的 antiquity adj. 古代，古物 傳統(tǒng)中式家具的發(fā)展從簡單到復(fù)雜，而且與中國人的生活 方式，以及中國文化和經(jīng)濟變化緊密相關(guān)。在遠古時代，中國 人席地而坐。戰(zhàn)國以后，床和長椅被廣泛用作坐具。在魏晉南 北朝時期，西式椅子、折疊凳子和其它坐具開始逐漸進入中國。 從這時起，中國人每天的生活便開始于椅子，而不再是從盤腿 席地而坐開始。席子開始用于鋪蓋床和睡椅。 第4頁/共22頁

7、 Traditional Chinese Furniture (B) Beginning in the late Qing dynasty, foreign living styles began to be adopted in China, with the result that original predominant Chinese style furnishing gradually became collectors items. Not only chair, but also Chinese tables, cabinets, bookcases, and decorativ

8、e screens reached the summit of their development during the Ming (1368-1644 D.C.) and Qing dynasty. adopt vt. 采取，接受 predominant adj. 主要的，卓越的，有影響的 cabinet n. 櫥柜，陳列柜 decorative adj. 裝飾性的 summit n. 頂點 adj. 最高級的 第5頁/共22頁 Traditional Chinese Furniture (B) 從晚清開始，國外的生活方式開始傳入 中國，結(jié)果原來的占統(tǒng)治地位的中式陳設(shè)開 始逐漸成了收藏者的獵

9、物。不單單是椅子， 中式桌子、櫥柜、書柜以及裝飾用的屏風都 達到了明清以來的頂峰。 第6頁/共22頁 Traditional Chinese Furniture (B) Ming furniture features simple, smooth and flowing lines, and plain and elegant ornamentation , fully bringing out the special qualities of frame structure furniture. Influenced by Chinas burgeoning foreign trade an

10、d advanced craftsmanship techniques, furniture of Qing Dynasty period turned to rich and intricate ornamentation, along with coordinated engraved design. Because of the high level of development of Chinese furniture in Ming and Qing Dynasties, most Chinese furniture design today follow in the tradit

11、ional piece from these two period. elegant adj. 高雅的，優(yōu)雅的，講究的 ornamentation n. 裝飾物，飾品 burgeoning adj. 迅速增長的，生機勃勃的 第7頁/共22頁 Traditional Chinese Furniture (B) 明代的家具的特征是具有簡潔、平滑、流暢的 線條，以及質(zhì)樸優(yōu)美的裝飾，完全顯現(xiàn)出框架式家 具特有的品質(zhì)。受中國對外貿(mào)易快速發(fā)展以及先進 工藝水平的影響，清代家具設(shè)計逐漸向追求富麗裝 飾的風格發(fā)展。由于明清時期中式家具的發(fā)展水平 很高，今天很多中式家具的設(shè)計仍然保留這兩個時 期的部分設(shè)計風格。

12、 第8頁/共22頁 Traditional Chinese Furniture (B) As in traditional Chinese architecture, wood is the major material used in manufacture of furniture. This was in response both to needs arising from Chinese lifestyles, and to Chinas rich forest resources. The two main types are lacquered furniture and har

13、dwood furniture. Lacquered furniture was commonly used in palaces, temples, and in the home of the wealthy. It includes the ti-hung, or carved lacquer style; tien-chi in which lacquer is used to fill in engraved design, then rubbed flat; miao-chi, or outlined lacquer style; and luo-tien, or furnitur

14、e inlaid with mother -of-pearl. Two or more methods might also be combined in the same piece. Hardwood furniture was frequently found in the home of the wealthy, but was even more common in 第9頁/共22頁 Traditional Chinese Furniture (B) the home of nobles, and officials. Woods, employed included red san

15、dalwood, pearwood, padauk, ebony, and nanmu. Of these, red sandalwood is the most highly valued material for use in furniture making: it is dense, hard, and resistant to decay. arise from 由引起，起因于 in response to 響應(yīng) resistant to decay 防腐 inlay vt. (inlaid, inlaid) 把嵌入，把鑲?cè)?n. 鑲嵌 第10頁/共22頁 Traditional C

16、hinese Furniture (B) 像傳統(tǒng)中式建筑一樣，木材是家具制作使用的主要原料。這一方面是 中國人的生活方式所決定的，另一方面是因為中國具有豐富的森林資源。 兩種主要的家具類型是漆器家具和硬木家具。漆器家具主要在宮廷、寺院 以及富人的家庭中使用。它包括剔紅即雕紅漆；填漆用漆填入雕刻的 陰文中，然后打磨；描漆用各種色彩的漆描繪圖案；螺鈿用貝殼作為 鑲嵌紋飾的漆器。也可能使用兩種以上的方法加工同一個器具。硬木家具 經(jīng)常在富人家中發(fā)現(xiàn)，但是更多見于貴族和一些官員家庭。家具用的木材 包括：紅檀木、梨木、紫檀、黑檀和楠木。在這些木料中，紫檀以其堅密、 耐腐蝕等諸多優(yōu)點稱為最貴重的家具用料。

17、第11頁/共22頁 第12頁/共22頁 Traditional Chinese Furniture (B) Bamboo and rattan furniture also have a long history. Bamboo is a product unique to Asia, and is an especially developed industry in hot and sunny Taiwan. Simple and ingenious techniques are used to make clever and useful products that can be “kn

18、ocked down”, and modular pieces that can be used together or separately. Bamboo may be used in combination with other materials, such as wood, rattan, metal, and ceramic tile, in endless variation. Much bamboo and rattan furniture is exported to Europe and the United States, where it enjoys great po

19、pularity. rattan n. 藤，藤條 ingenious adj. 有獨創(chuàng)性的，機靈的 ceramic tile n. 瓷磚 第13頁/共22頁 Traditional Chinese Furniture (B) 竹子和藤家具也有很長的歷史了。竹子僅產(chǎn)于亞洲， 在炎熱、陽光充足的臺灣，它是一個特別發(fā)達的產(chǎn)業(yè)。簡 單精致的技術(shù)用來制作靈巧、有用的產(chǎn)品，不但價格低廉， 而且組合式的家具既可以一起使用，也可以分開使用。竹 子還可以和其它的材料一起使用，如木材、藤條、金屬以 及瓷磚等，能夠產(chǎn)生無窮的變化。很多柱子和藤條家具出 口到歐洲和美國，并且受到廣泛的歡迎。 第14頁/共22頁 Tra

20、ditional Chinese Furniture (B) Chinese are fond of furniture with inlaid and carved work. In addition to shells and enamel chips, brilliant, colorful, and artistically grained jade, stones, ivory (and other animal teeth), horn, agate, and amber are used for inlaid designs. Marble, for example, is a

21、stone often used for inlaid work; colorful ceramic plate are also a popular material for ornamentation. Another elegant techniques used since ancient times is the inlaying of different kinds and colors of woods in a simple piece. The methods of carving include relief carving, negative engraving, and

22、 free-style carving. Common subjects for furniture carving are flower; dragons and phoenix; the qi-lin, a Chinese mythical beast; and stylized cloud and leaf pattern. 第15頁/共22頁 Traditional Chinese Furniture (B) be fond of 愛好，喜歡 enamel n. 搪瓷，琺瑯 brilliant adj. 燦爛的，閃耀的，杰出的 jade n. 翡翠 ivory n. 象牙 agate

23、n. 瑪瑙 amber n. 琥珀 中國喜歡鑲嵌和雕刻的家具。除了貝殼、琺瑯，閃光的、彩色的、有藝術(shù)花紋的綠玉、石頭、象牙（還有其它動物的牙齒）、牛角、瑪瑙，還有湖泊都用來作為鑲嵌的材質(zhì)。例如大理石經(jīng)常用來鑲嵌在家具中；彩色的陶瓷盤也是一種流行的裝飾材質(zhì)。另外一種從古代就開始使用的精巧技術(shù)是在一件家具中鑲嵌不同種類和顏色的木材。雕刻方法包括浮雕、陰刻和自由式雕刻。雕刻的主題有花、龍鳳、麒麟（中國傳說中的一種獸）以及祥云和樹葉圖案。 第16頁/共22頁 Traditional Chinese Furniture (B) Traditional Chinese furniture is gener

24、ally arranged in symmetrical suits or sets. These are, however, supplemented with other more flexible arrangements to prevent the room from having too staid an atmosphere. For example, paintings or examples of calligraphy might be hung on the wall; ceramic, enamel or other knickknacks might be place

25、d in antique display cabinet; or flower arrangement made of jade or stone might top a square occasional table. Any or all of these can add splashes of color and elegant form to the room. These delicate additions set off the heavy furniture to give a rich composite effect. supplement vt. 補充，增補 staid

26、adj. 固定的，古板的 calligraphy n. 書法 knickknack n. 小擺設(shè) 第17頁/共22頁 Traditional Chinese Furniture (B) antique n. 古董 adj. 古老的 splashes n. 色斑 delicate adj. 微妙的，精美的，雅致的，易碎的 中國傳統(tǒng)家具通常以對稱的布局形式出現(xiàn)，有時也會輔以一些靈活的 布局組合方式來避免房間氣氛過于沉悶。例如，在墻上懸掛書畫；在收藏 柜里擺放綠玉、琺瑯或其它飾物；用綠玉或石頭在臨時的茶幾上擺放一個 花。所有這些可以為房間增添一點色彩和情調(diào)。則和諧精美的點綴給沉重 的家具以多姿的效果

27、。 第18頁/共22頁 Traditional Chinese Furniture (B) With Chinas increasing economic property, just about everybody now places great importance on interior design and room arrangement, and is very particular when choosing furniture. And because of a corresponding enhancement in spiritual life, traditional Chinese style furniture in all sorts of ways in their homes; it has becom