高考英語閱讀理解猜測詞義精編版

1、 3 20152015年考試說明介紹閱讀理解部分有可能會考年考試說明介紹閱讀理解部分有可能會考 查對詞組或短語在上下文的詞語猜測查對詞組或短語在上下文的詞語猜測 年份年份20112012201320142015 題數(shù)題數(shù)12(1個短語）個短語）1（短語）（短語） 3（1短語）短語） 1 考查熟詞的引申義或一詞多義在特定場合的意思考查熟詞的引申義或一詞多義在特定場合的意思 7 ： 1The underlined word/phrase“_”in the third paragraph means_. 2The underlined word“_”in the second paragraph c

2、an be replaced by_. 3Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the underlined word“_”in the last paragraph? 4The underlined word“_”in the fourth paragraph refers to_. 生活生活 常識常識 上下文上下文 對比對比 轉(zhuǎn)折轉(zhuǎn)折 因果因果 關(guān)系關(guān)系 同位同位 關(guān)系關(guān)系 同義詞同義詞 反義詞反義詞 構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法 定義定義 猜猜 How to guess the meaning of words? 高分秘笈高分秘笈 1.

3、It will be very hard but very brittle that is , it will break easily. A. fragile B. soft C. weak D. strong 2. The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 12 通過標(biāo)點符號來下定義通過標(biāo)點符號來下定義 使用破折號，引號，冒使用破折號，引號，冒 號，分號后的內(nèi)容和引號括號中的內(nèi)容號，分號后的內(nèi)容和引號括號中的內(nèi)容 3.They will be on the night shift from midn

4、ight to 6 a. m. next week. 由破折號之間的解釋內(nèi)容，我們可以了解到由破折號之間的解釋內(nèi)容，我們可以了解到 “night shift”night shift”意思為意思為“夜班夜班”。 1.1.定義法定義法 定義或釋義關(guān)系常由定語從句或由定義或釋義關(guān)系常由定語從句或由is， or， that is (to say), in other words， be called，be known as, be defined as等詞匯等詞匯 或破折號來表示或破折號來表示 Guess the Meaning of the Word 小小 結(jié)結(jié) 2.She is usually f

5、or all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. lTests on rats show that those who raise two or three litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies. lA. baby rats B.animals lC.old rats D.grown-up rats lMy mind was in a m

6、illion different places. Thanks to the strict training , Bell is now no longer nervous and a lot more confident. lA.she was absent-minded lB. she was nervous lC. she was excited lD.she was curious 表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞常有如表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞常有如but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherwise, though on t

7、he contrary等。等。 小結(jié)小結(jié) 2.2.對比法對比法 2.“The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,” says friend Pat Williams, “He wasnt a great actor or a great speaker. He was just Joe Everybody.” 74. “He was just Joe Everybody.” ( in the last paragraph) means _. A. Dave was famous B. Dave was ordinary C. Dave was stupi

8、d D. Dave was shy 3.The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. and ,or ,such as, like， for example, for instance常連接同義詞組常連接同義詞組 。 小結(jié)小結(jié) 取代取代 3. She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading. Not hear what you said concentrate/foc

9、us her attention on 4. Since I have finished my paper now, I am going to give myself a treat tonight. I am going to watch a movie on campus, an action movie called “Face Off”. The underlined words “a treat” here means _. A. an action movie B. something pleasant to enjoy C. a rest D. something nice t

10、o eat 徒勞的徒勞的 Guess the meaning of the word 根據(jù)因果關(guān)系根據(jù)因果關(guān)系 小結(jié)小結(jié) 常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如如because，as， since，for，so，thus，as a result， therefore等等)表示前因后果。表示前因后果。 2. Although the hazards of the trip 2. Although the hazards of the trip were many - for example, the unbearable were many - for example, the unbearable heat

11、, the lack of water, the possibility heat, the lack of water, the possibility of getting lost, the presence of wild of getting lost, the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes - Collins animals and poisonous snakes - Collins nevertheless decided that she must go.nevertheless decided that she

12、must go. A) pleasures A) pleasures B) conveniences B) conveniences C) dangers C) dangers D) equipment D) equipment 6. Word Formation 構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法： 英語單詞大多是由詞根、詞頭（前綴）英語單詞大多是由詞根、詞頭（前綴） 和詞尾（后綴）所組成。詞根是單詞最基本和詞尾（后綴）所組成。詞根是單詞最基本 的部分，表達(dá)單詞的基本含義。在詞根前或的部分，表達(dá)單詞的基本含義。在詞根前或 后加上前綴或后綴，可以用來引申或轉(zhuǎn)變原后加上前綴或后綴，可以用來引申或轉(zhuǎn)變原 詞的意義。只要

13、我們掌握了各種詞根、詞頭詞的意義。只要我們掌握了各種詞根、詞頭 和詞尾的基本含義，那么就可以很容易猜測和詞尾的基本含義，那么就可以很容易猜測 出由其構(gòu)成的新詞的含義了。出由其構(gòu)成的新詞的含義了。 通過構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義通過構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義 運用合成，派生，轉(zhuǎn)化的運用合成，派生，轉(zhuǎn)化的方方 面的知識，從生詞本身猜測詞義。面的知識，從生詞本身猜測詞義。 1. 根據(jù)根據(jù)合成合成(compounding)(compounding)詞猜測詞義詞猜測詞義 2.2.根據(jù)根據(jù)前綴前綴(prefix)(prefix)猜測詞義猜測詞義 根據(jù)根據(jù)后綴后綴(suffix)(suffix)猜測詞義猜測詞義 3. 猜測詞性猜測

14、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換轉(zhuǎn)換(conversion)(conversion)猜測新詞含義猜測新詞含義 表否定 un-, non-, in-, dis- 表相反 un-, de-, dis-, counter- 錯誤失當(dāng)錯誤失當(dāng) mis-, mal-, pseudo- 表向背 pro-, anti- 表程度 arch-, super-, ultra- , over-, under-, mini-, semi- , 表時間 pre, fore-, post- 表方位 sub-, inter-, trans- prefix decontrol transplant counterattack pseudonymde

15、control transplant counterattack pseudonym 解除控制 移植 反擊 假名，筆名 suffix -able （能（能的）的） -less （無，不）（無，不） -wards （ 向）向） -ship （身份；資格；權(quán)力；性質(zhì)）（身份；資格；權(quán)力；性質(zhì)） -some （ 易于易于的）的） -hood （狀態(tài)；性質(zhì)；時期）（狀態(tài)；性質(zhì)；時期） -ish （如（如的；有點兒的；有點兒的）的） -proof (防防的；不能穿透的）的；不能穿透的） -scape （景）（景） -most (最最的）的） waterproof streetscape innermos

16、t speechlesswaterproof streetscape innermost speechless 防水的 街景最內(nèi)心的 無語的 1. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence. (2003NMET) unconditional: nonjudgmental: 無條件的，絕對的無條件的，絕對的 沒有判

17、斷力的沒有判斷力的 根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法：合成、派生（前綴、后綴）、轉(zhuǎn)化等根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法：合成、派生（前綴、后綴）、轉(zhuǎn)化等 DerivationDerivation l2.According to Morrissey, trying to find a diet that can cure your illness ,or make you superwoman is a fruitless search. l43.“a fruitless research” means_ lA.an effort without results lB.a search for diet without fruilts l

18、C.a research on fruitless diet lD.a diet serving as medicine l He was something out of an ancient legend, his very strange, dusty felt hat, his funny accent from who-knows-where （06廣東卷）廣東卷） CompoundingCompounding 誰都不知是什么地方 （08廣東卷）廣東卷） lShe rested herself against a post close to the tracks（09廣東卷）廣東卷）

19、 ConversionConversion v.v.n. n. 發(fā)言，發(fā)表意見發(fā)言，發(fā)表意見 n.n.v. v. 倚靠倚靠 1.Spending as little as $US 5 a day on someone else could significantly boost happiness, the team at the University of British Columbia found. A.help to find B.help to bring C.help to increase D.help to getC 下文：下文：Their experiment on more

20、 than 630Americans showed that they were measurably happier when they spend money on others. 根據(jù)上下文線索根據(jù)上下文線索 The whole family had experienced such a storm before and everyone remembered the damage it had caused to stock and cropsThere was very little we could do about the corps. But we needed to prot

21、ect the animals in case the river flooded again (江西卷江西卷) The underlined word stock refers to_. A. money owned by the family Bgoods for sale C. supplies for family use Dfarm animals 在閱讀的過程中，如遇到生詞，有時可以根據(jù)在閱讀的過程中，如遇到生詞，有時可以根據(jù) 自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗，或運用自己已有的常識自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗，或運用自己已有的常識 將其推測出來。比如了解一些英美國家的天文地理、將其推測出來。比如了解一些英美國家的天文地理、 風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、宗教信仰、政治結(jié)構(gòu)、社會制度等，可風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、宗教信仰、政治結(jié)構(gòu)、社會制度等，可 以幫助加深對文章的理解，遇到生詞時，猜測詞義以幫助加深對文章的理解，遇到生詞時，猜測詞義 的能力自然就會增強。的能力自然就會增強。 When a doctor performs an operation on a patient， he usually gives an anesthetic to make him unconscious，because he does not want his p