高中定語從句知識結構圖解

1、 定語從句知識結構圖 定義：定語可以由形容詞,名詞,代詞,分詞,不定式以及介詞短語等來擔任， 也可以由一個句子來充當，充當定語功能的句子稱為定語從句。 指人 先行詞： 被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞 指物 先行詞還可以是前面整個句子所敘述的事情。 He has left, which surprises all of us. 先行詞 (which替代前面所敘述的事情) 替代前面的先行詞 關系詞的作用 連接主句和定語從句 在定語從句中作句子成分 定語從句 “三要素” 關系詞: 引導定語的詞 關系代詞：在從句中做 主,賓，表，定 （that/which/who/whom/whose/as） 關系副詞

2、：在從句中作狀語 (When/where/why) 從句：用來做定語，修飾限定先行詞的句子。 限制性定語從句：對先行詞起限定修飾作用。 定 He is a teacher who works at our school. 定語從句 非限制性定語從句：對先行詞起補充說明作用 的分類 (先行詞與定語從句之間有逗號隔開) 語 Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history. 從 句 難點和注意點 關系代詞在定語從句中作賓語 She is the girl (whom / that) I l

3、oved before. (可以省略whom/that) 關系代詞在定語從句中作表語 關系代詞的省略 He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that) 限定性定語從句 關系代詞作介詞賓語，介詞在從句句尾時可以省略 比較: Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in. Housing price is a problem in which people are interested. （此時只能用which且不能省略） 以疑問詞who開頭的句子中

4、Who is the man that is shouting there? 關系代詞在從句中作表語時 用that的情況 She is not the girl that she used to be. 先行詞被the very, the right, the only修飾 This is the very person that we are looking for. 先行詞是人 that/who的區(qū)別 行詞是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等 Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait

5、at the gate of the school. 句子中有兩個定語從句,一個用了that, 另外一個用who 用who的情況 Who is the boy that won the gold medal? 在there be 結構中 There are many young men who are against him. 在非限定性定語從句當中 Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study. 在非限定性定語從句中. She lost the game, which depressed her greatly. 關系詞置于介詞之后

6、,作賓語. The pen with which you write is Jacks. 用which的情況 先行詞是that或定語從句中套定語從句, 一個關系詞用that,另一個用which. Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us. 先行詞是不定代詞如all, little, few, much, 先行詞是物 anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等 that / which She did all that sh

7、e could to help us. 的區(qū)別 先行詞被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only,the very, the right等所修飾時 This is the very book that I want. 先行詞中既有人又有物時 She described in her compositions the people and 用that的情況 the places that impressed her most. 先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。 This is the best book that I have ever re

8、ad. This is the first film that Ive seen since I came here. 定語從句中套定語從句，其中一個關系詞以用which, 另外一個用that He built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. 當主句的主語是疑問詞which,另一個用that Who is the person that is standing at the gate? As 既可以引導限制性定語從句也可以用于非限定性定 句中充當主語，賓語，表語等。 常用于以下句型當中 Such/

9、so. as. 像.一樣 the same . as 和.同樣的 A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everyday. As引導定語 He is not the same man as he was. 從句的用法 引導非限制性定語從句。表示說話人的看法,態(tài)度,評論等。 此時譯為“正如，像”等。 可以放在句首，句中或句末。 As I remember, there were a net bar here. Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all. the s

10、ame as.和the same that.引導定語從句的區(qū)別 This is the same bike that I lost yesterday. (同一事物) This is the same bike as I lost yesterday. （同類事物） When 在定語從句中做時間狀語，先行詞為表示時間的time, day等 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.（when=on which） Where 在定語從句中做地點狀語，先行詞為表地點的place, spot等 Can you tell me the

11、office where he works? (where = in which) Why 在定語從句中做原因狀語，先行詞只有reason. 關系副詞 I dont want to listen to any reason why you were absent. (why = for which) 的運用 關系副詞 = 相應的介詞 + 關系代詞 Where引導的定語從句還可以修飾抽象空間的名詞如case(情形)， situation, position(位置),stage (階段)，point（地步）等 What are the situations where body language

12、is the only form of communication? 在哪些情況下身體語言是唯一的溝通方式（此時where = in which） way在定語從句中做狀語時的三種引導方式 that / in which / 不填 The way in which / that / 不填 he explains the sentence to us is quite simple. 比較: The way which /that/不填 he told to us was quite simple （way在定語中作tell的賓語） time表示“次數(shù)”時，用關系代詞that引導定語從句 幾個特

13、殊 先行詞time This is the first time that the president has visited the country. 的先行詞 time作“一段時間” 講時，應用關系副詞when This was the time when there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets. （此時when = during which 在.期間） 先行詞reason當在定語從句中作狀語時，定語從句的4種引導方式 why/for which/that/不填 This is the reason why/for which/t

14、hat/不填 he can not come here. 比較：Is this the reason that/which/不填 he explained to us for his absence from the conference. （reason 在定語從句中做explain的賓語） 該結構的關系代詞只有兩種即 介詞+which（指物） 介詞+whom（指人） 該結構介詞的選用原則： 根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞的習慣搭配 This is the book on which I spent $ 8. This is the book for which I paid $ 8. 根據(jù)現(xiàn)行詞的

15、搭配習慣 I remember the days during which I lived there. I remember the day on which I graduated from university. 介詞+關系代詞 根據(jù)整個句子所表達的意思來決定 The colorless gas without which we cant live is called oxygen. 英語中為了強調某一名詞，不定式前面也可以加上關系代詞。 Here is the money with which to buy the piano. She is the right person on w

16、hom to depend. 注意:如果介詞后移，關系代詞可以省略 The person (whom/who/that) you will write to is Todd. 有些含有介詞的動詞短語介詞不能提前如 look for/after; take care of; send for; hear from/of/about deal with等 This is the baby that you will look after. 當先行詞是 one of + 復數(shù)名詞，定語從句的位于動詞要用復數(shù)形式 The Great Wall is one of the world-famous bu

17、ildings that draw lots of visitor every year. 定語從句 的主謂一致 當先行詞是 the only + one of +復數(shù)名詞，從句謂語用單數(shù)形式 The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon. 先行詞如果是整個句子，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù) Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all. He has passed the driving tes

18、t, which surprises all of us. 定語從句可以轉換為 ing或-ed形式 定語從句的 The girl (who is) dancing now just returned from Taiwang. 轉化 I love the stories (which were) written by Hemingway. The man (who stands) standing there is my friend. 判斷從句是否為定語從句 （先行詞，關系詞，定語從句） 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分 (主、賓、表、定、狀) 10.定語從句的 從而正確選定使用關系代詞或關系副詞 解題方法 例:Is this the museum _ you visited a few days ago? Is this the museum _ the exhibiti