冶金專業(yè)詞匯表辯析.doc

1、冶金專業(yè)詞匯1 總論采礦 mining地下采礦 underground mining露天采礦 open cut mining, open pit mining,surface mining采礦工程 mining engineering選礦（學）mineral dressing, ore beneficiation,mineral processing礦物工程 mineral engineering冶金（學） metallurgy過程冶金（學） process metallurgy 提取冶金（學） extractive metallurgy 化學冶金（學） chemical metallurgy

2、 物理冶金（學） physical metallurgy 金屬學 Metallkunde冶 金 過 程 物 理 化 學 physical chemistry of process metallurgy冶 金 反 應 工 程 學metallurgicalreactionengineering冶金工程 metallurgical engineering鋼鐵冶金（學） ferrous metallurgy, metallurgyof iron and steel有色冶金 ( 學)nonferrous metallurgy 真空冶金 ( 學)vacuum metallurgy 等離子冶金 ( 學 )p

3、lasma metallurgy 微生物冶金 ( 學 )microbial metallurgy 噴射冶金 ( 學)injection metallurgy 鋼包冶金 ( 學)ladle metallurgy二次冶金 ( 學)secondary metallurgy 機械冶金 ( 學)mechanical metallurgy 焊接冶金 ( 學)welding metallurgy 粉末冶金 ( 學)powder metallurgy 鑄造學 foundry火法冶金 ( 學)pyrometallurgy濕法冶金 ( 學)hydrometallurgy電冶金 ( 學 )electrometall

4、urgy氯冶金 ( 學 )chlorine metallurgy礦物資源綜合利用engineeringofcomprehensive utilization of mineralresources中國金屬學會The Chinese Society for Metals中國 有 色 金 屬 學會TheNonferrousMetalsSociety of China2 采礦采礦工藝 mining technology有用礦物 valuable mineral冶 金 礦 產(chǎn) 原 料 metallurgical mineral raw materials礦床 mineral deposit特殊采礦 s

5、pecialized mining海洋采礦 oceanic mining, marine mining礦田 mine field礦山 mine露天礦山 surface mine地下礦山 underground mine礦井 shaft礦床勘探 mineral deposit exploration 礦山可行性研究 mine feasibility study 礦山規(guī)模 mine capacity礦山生產(chǎn)能力 mine production capacity 礦山年產(chǎn)量 annual mine output 礦山服務年限 mine life礦山基本建設mine construction礦山建設期

6、限 mine construction period 礦山達產(chǎn) arrival at mine full capacity 開采強度 mining intensity礦石回收率ore recovery ratio礦石損失率ore loss ratio工業(yè)礦石 industrial ore采出礦石 extracted ore礦體 orebody礦脈 vein海洋礦產(chǎn)資源 oceanic mineral resources 礦石 ore礦石品位 ore grade巖石力學 rock mechanics巖體力學 rock mass mechanics3 選礦選 礦 廠concentrator,min

7、eralprocessingplant工藝礦物學process mineralogy開路 open circuit閉路 closed circuit流程 flowsheet方框流程 block flowsheet產(chǎn)率 yield回收率 recovery礦物 mineral鈦鐵礦 ilmennite粒度 particle size金紅石 rutile粗顆粒 coarse particle螢石 fluorite細顆粒 fine particle高嶺石 kaolinite超微顆粒 ultrafine particle菱鎂礦 magnesite粗粒級 coarse fraction重晶石 barite

8、細粒級 fine fraction石墨 graphite網(wǎng)目 mesh石英 quartz原礦 run of mine, crude方解石 calcite精礦 concentrate石灰石 limestone粗精礦 rough concentrate白云石 dolomite混合精礦 bulk concentrate云母 mica最終精礦 final concentrate石膏 gypsum尾礦 tailings硼砂 borax粉碎 comminution石棉 asbestos破碎 crushing蛇紋石 serpentine磨碎 grinding階段破碎 stage crushing團聚 agg

9、lomeration粗碎 primary crushing篩分 screening, sieving中碎 secondary crushing分級 classification細碎 fine crushing富集 concentration對輥破碎機 roll crusher分選 separation粉磨機 pulverizer手選 hand sorting震動篩 vibrating screen重選gravityseparation,gravity篩網(wǎng) screen clothconcentration篩孔 screen opening磁選 magnetic separation篩上料 ov

10、ersize電選 electrostatic separation篩下料 undersize浮選 flotation粗磨 coarse grinding化學選礦 chemical mineral processing細磨 fine grinding自然銅 native copper球磨機 ball mill鋁土礦 bauxite襯板 liner冰晶石 cryolite分級機 classifier磁鐵礦 magnetite自由沉降 free setting赤鐵礦 hematite沉積 sedimentation假象赤鐵礦 martite石灰 lime釩鈦磁鐵礦 vanadium titano-m

11、agnetite松油 pine oil鐵燧石 taconite硫化鈉 sodium sulfide褐鐵礦 limonite硅酸鈉（水玻璃） sodium silicate, water glass菱鐵礦 siderite過濾 filtration鏡鐵礦 specularite過濾機 filter硬錳礦 psilomelane給礦，給料 feeding軟錳礦 pyrolusite給礦機 feeder鉻鐵礦 chromite在線分析儀 on line analyzer黃鐵礦 pyrite在線粒度分析儀 on line size analyzer超聲粒度計ultrasonicparticlesize

12、r ,supersonic particle sizer4 冶金過程物理化學4.1冶金過程熱力學冶金 過程 熱力學thermodynamicsofmetallurgical processes統(tǒng)計熱力學statistical thermodynamics不 可 逆 過 程 熱 力 學thermodynamicsofirreversible processes化學熱力學 chemical thernodynamics 表面熱力學 surface thermodynamics 合金熱力學 thermodynamics of alloys冶金熱力學數(shù)據(jù)庫thermodynamicsdatabanki

13、n metallurgy系 system單元系 single-componentsystem多元系 multicomponent system均相系統(tǒng) homogeneous system廣度性質(zhì) extensive property強度性質(zhì) intensive property過程 process等溫過程 isothermal process等壓過程 isobaric process等容過程 isochoric process絕熱過程 adiabatic process可逆過程 reversible process不可逆過程irreversible process自發(fā)過程 spontaneo

14、us process自理過程 physical process化學過程 chemical process冶金過程 metallurgical process化學反應 chemical reaction化合反應 combination reaction分解反應 decomposition reaction置換反應 displacement reaction可逆反應 reversible reaction不可逆反應irreversible reaction電化學反應 electrochemical reaction 多相反應 multiphase reaction 固態(tài)反應 solid state

15、 reaction氣一金 ( 屬 ) 反應 gas-metal reaction 渣一金（屬）反應 slag-metal reaction 平衡 equilibrium化學平衡 chemical equilibrium相平衡 phase equilibrium熱力學平衡 thermodynamic equilibrium 亞穩(wěn)平衡 metastable equilibrium熱力學函數(shù) thermodynamic function 偏摩爾量 partial molar quantity總摩爾量 integral molar quantity標準態(tài) standard state焓 enthalp

16、y生成焓 enthalpy of formation反應焓 enthalpy of reaction熵 entropy吉布斯能 Gibbs energy生成吉布斯能 Gibbs energy of formation 反應吉布斯能 Gibbs energy of reaction 溶解吉布斯能 Gibbs energy of solution 吉布斯能函數(shù) Gibbs energy function 化學位 chemical potential 熱化學 thermochemistry熱效應 heat effect熱容 heat capacity熔化熱 heat of fusion汽化熱 hea

17、t of vaporization升華熱 heat of sublimation相變熱 heat of phase transformation放熱反應 exothermic reaction吸熱反應 endothermic reaction赫斯定律 Hess s law相律 phase rule相圖 phase diagram一元相圖 single-component phase diagram二元相圖 binary-component phase diagram三元相圖 ternary-component phase diagram 液相線 liquidus固相線 solidus共晶點 e

18、utectic point杠桿規(guī)則 lever rule溶液 solution溶質(zhì) solute溶劑 solvent固溶體 solid solution溶液濃度 concentration of solution摩爾分數(shù) mole fraction冶金熔體 metallurgical melt金屬熔體 metal melt( 爐) 渣 , 熔渣 slag熔鹽 molten salt, fused salt理想溶液 ideal solution真實溶液 real solution正規(guī)溶液 regular solution活度 activity活度系數(shù) activity coefficient拉烏

19、爾定律Raoults law亨利定律 Henry s law純物質(zhì)標準態(tài)pure substance standard質(zhì) 量 溶 液 標 準 ( 態(tài) )1mass%solutionstandard無限稀溶液參考態(tài)reference state of infinitylydilute solution相互作用系數(shù)interaction coefficient化學反應等溫式chemical reaction isotherm吉 布 斯 亥 姆 霍 茲 方 程Gibbs-Helmholtzequation質(zhì)量作用定律law of mass action平衡常數(shù) equilibrium constan

20、t平衡值 equilibrium value直接還原 direct reduction間接還原 indirect reduction金屬熱還原 metallothermic reduction 選擇性氧化 selective oxidation 渣堿度 basicity of slag光學破度 optical basicity酸性氧化物acid oxide堿性氧化物basicoxide兩性氧化物amphoteric泡沫渣 foaming slag熔渣的分子理論 molecular theory of slag 熔渣的離子理論 ionization theory of slag 脫氧平衡 deo

21、xidation equilibrium脫氧常數(shù) deoxidation constant熔渣脫硫 desulfurization by slag氣態(tài)脫硫 desulfurization in the gaseous state 硫分配比 sulfur partition ratio 硫化物容量 sulfide capacity氧化脫磷dephosphorizationunderoxidizingatmosphere磷分配比碳一氧平衡carbon-oxygen equilibrium真空脫碳 vacuum decarburization去氣 degassing去除非金屬夾雜( 物)elimin

22、ation of nonmetallicinclusion非 金 屬 夾雜 ( 物 ) 變形formmodificationofnonmetallic inclusion脫硅 desiliconization脫錳 demanganization分配平衡 distribution law化學氣相沉積chemical vapor deposition(CVD)4.2冶金過程動力學微觀動力學microkinetics化學動力學chemical kinetics反應途徑 reaction path反應機理 reaction mechanism基元反應 elementary reaction平行反應 p

23、arallel鏈反應 chain reaction總反應 overall reaction反應速率 reaction rate反應速率常數(shù)reaction rate constant反應級數(shù) reaction order零級反應 zero order reaction一級反應 first order reaction二級反應 second order reactionn 級反應 nth order reaction碰撞理論 collision theory活化能 activation energy表現(xiàn)活化能 apparent activation energy 阿倫尼烏斯方程 Arrheniu

24、s equation 半衰期 half-life宏觀動力學macrokinetics冶 金 過 程 動 力 學kineticsofmetallurgicalprocess傳輸現(xiàn)象 transport phenomena傳質(zhì) mass transfer傳熱 heat transfer動量傳輸 momentum transfer層流 laminar flow湍流 turbulent flow氣泡 gas bubble鼓泡 bubbling射流 jet液滴 liquid droplet粘度 viscosity邊界層 boundary layer流率 flow rate通量 flux擴散 diffus

25、ion菲克第一擴散定律 Fick s 1st law of diffusion 菲克第一擴散定律 Fick s 2nd law of diffusion 擴散系數(shù) diffusion coefficient傳質(zhì)系數(shù) mass transfer coefficient熱傳導 heat conduction熱對流 heat convection自然對流 natural convection強制對流 forced convection熱輻射 heat radiation導熱率 thermal conductivity傳熱系數(shù) heat transfer coefficient體內(nèi)濃度 bulk co

26、ncentration未反應核模型unreacted core model擴散控制反應 diffusion-controlled reaction 化學控制反應 chenical-controlled reaction 混合控制反應 mixed-controlled reaction 相似原理 priciple of similarity雷諾數(shù) Reynolds number固定床 fiexed bed填充床 packed bed移動床 moving bed流態(tài)化床 fluidized bed混合時間 mixing time停留時間 residence time, retention time

27、催化 catalysis催化劑 catalyst表面能 surface energy表面張力 surface tension界面能 interfacial energy界面張力 interfacial tension潤濕 wetting表面活性物質(zhì)surface-active substance吸收 absorption吸附 absorption4.3冶金電化學冶金電化學 metallurgical electrochemistry 熔鹽電化學 electrochemistry of fused salts 固態(tài)離子學 solid state ionics電解質(zhì)溶液electrolyte so

28、lution陽離子 cation陰離子 anion電導 conductance電導率 conductivity電阻 resistance電極 electrode陰極 cathode陽極 anode電鍍 electroplating固體電解質(zhì)solid electrolyte穩(wěn)定的氧化鋯stablized zirconia氧傳感器 oxygen sensor硅傳感器 silicon sensor定氧測頭 oxygen probe定硅測頭 silicon probe4.4冶金物理化學研究方法冶金物理化學研究方法researchmethodsinmetallurgical physicalchemi

29、stry熱電偶 thermocouple量熱計 calorimeter熱太平 thermobalance熱分析 thermal analysis差熱分析 differential thermal analysis,DTA熱重法 thermogravimetry分子篩 molecular sieve5 鋼鐵冶金5.1煉焦煉焦 coking高溫炭化 high temperature carbonization塑 性 成 焦 機 理plasticmechanismofcokeformation中間相成焦機理mesophasemechanismofcoke formation選煤 coal prepa

30、ration, coal washing配煤 coal blending配煤試驗 coal blending test煉焦煤 coking coal氣煤 gas coal肥煤 fat coal瘦煤 lean coal焦爐 coke oven焦化室 oven chamber焦餅 coke cake結(jié)焦時間 coking time周轉(zhuǎn)時間 cycle time裝煤 coal charging蒙脫石 montmorillonite搗固裝煤 stamp charging葉蠟石 pyrophyllite推焦 coke pushing膨潤土 bentonite焦炭熄火 coke quenching鱗石英

31、tridymite干法熄焦 dry quenching of coke方石英 cristobalite焦臺 coke wharf砂巖 sandstone裝煤車 larry car耐火石 firestone推焦機 pushing machine莫來石 mullite攔焦機 coke guide氧化鋁 alumina熄焦車 quenching car燒結(jié)氧化鋁 sintered alumina焦爐燜爐 banking for coke oven電熔氧化鋁 fused alumina焦炭 coke剛玉 corundum冶金焦 metallurgical coke紅柱石 andalusite鑄造焦 f

32、oundry coke藍晶石 kyanite,cyanite焦炭工業(yè)分析 proximate analysis of coke硅線石 sillimanite焦炭元素分析 ultimate analysis of coke橄欖石 olivine焦炭落下指數(shù) shatter index of coke方鎂石 periclase焦炭轉(zhuǎn)鼓指數(shù) drum index of coke鎂砂 magnesia焦炭熱強度 hot strength of coke合成鎂砂 synthetic sintered magnesia焦炭反應性 coke reactivity電熔鎂砂 fused magnesia焦炭 反

33、 應 后 強 度 post-reactionstrengthof燒結(jié)白云石砂 sintered dolomite clinkercoke合 成 鎂 鉻 砂 syntheticmagnesiachromite焦炭顯微強度 microstrength of cokeclinker焦爐煤氣 coke oven gas尖晶石 spinel發(fā)熱值 calorific value鎂 鉻尖 晶 石magnesiachrome煤焦油 coal tarspinel,magnesiochromite粗苯 crude benzol硅藻土 diatomaceous earth, infusorial earth苯 b

34、enzene蛭石 vermiculite甲苯 toluene珍珠巖 perlite二甲苯 xylene碳化硅 silicon carbide苯并呋喃 - 茚樹脂 coumarone-indene resin氮化硅 silicon nitride精萘 refined naphthalene氮化硼 boron nitride精蒽 refined anthracene粘土熟料 chamotte煤 焦油 瀝青 coal tar pitch熟料 grog瀝青焦 pitch coke輕燒 light burning,soft burning針狀焦 needle coke死燒 dead burning,ha

35、rd burning型焦 formcoke成型模注 shaping moulding5.2 耐火材料機壓成型 mechanical pressing耐火材料 refractory materials等靜壓成型 isostatic pressing耐火粘土 fireclay摩擦壓磚機 friction press高嶺土 kaolin液壓壓磚機 hydraulic press硬質(zhì)粘土 flint clay搗打成型 ramming process輕質(zhì)粘土 soft clay熔鑄成型 fusion cast process陶土 pot clay磚坯強度 green strength,dry stren

36、gth隧道窯 tunnel kiln回轉(zhuǎn)窯 rotary kiln倒焰窯 down draught kiln耐火磚 refractory brick標準型耐火磚 standard size refractory brick 泡砂石 quartzite sandstone酸性耐火材料acid refractory material硅質(zhì)耐火材料 siliceous refractory material 硅磚 silica brick,dinas brick熔融石英制品fused quartz product硅酸鋁質(zhì)耐火材料 aluminosillicate refractory 半硅磚 semi

37、silica brick粘土磚 fireclay brick,chamotte brick石墨粘土磚graphite clay brick高鋁磚 high alumina brick硅線石磚 sillimanite brick莫來石磚 mullite brick剛玉磚 corundum brick鋁鉻磚 alumina chrome brick熔鑄磚 fused cast brick堿性耐火材料basic refractory material鎂質(zhì)耐火材料 magnesia refractory material 鎂磚 magnesia brick鎂鋁磚 magnesia alumina br

38、ick鎂鉻磚 magnesia chrome brick鎂炭磚 magnesia carbon brick中性耐火材料 neutral refractory material 復合磚 composite brick鋁炭磚 alumina carbon brick鋁鎂炭轉(zhuǎn) alumina magnesia brick鋯炭磚 zirconia graphite brick鎂鈣炭磚 magnesia clacia carbon brick 長水口 long nozzle浸 入 式 水 口immersionnozzle,submergednozzle定徑水口 metering nozzle氧化鋁 -

39、碳化硅 - 炭磚 Al2O3-SiC-C brick 透氣磚 gas permeable brick,porous brick 滑動水口 slide gate nozzle 水口磚 nozzle brick塞頭磚 stopper絕熱耐火材料 insulating refractory 輕質(zhì)耐火材料 light weight refractory 袖磚 sleeve brick格子磚 checker brick,chequer brick陶瓷纖維 ceramic fiber耐火纖維 refractory fiber耐火澆注料refractory castable耐火混凝土refractory c

40、oncrete荷重耐火性refractoriness under load抗渣性 slagging resistance耐磨損性 abrasion resistance5.3碳素材料 含 碳 元 素材料carbon materials無定形碳 amorphous carbon金剛石 diamond炭相 學 carbon micrography炭黑 carbon black石油瀝青 petroleum pitch石油焦炭 petroleum coke石墨化 graphitization石墨化電阻爐electricresistancefurnaceforgraphitization石 墨 純 凈

41、化 處 理purificationtreatmentofgraphite炭磚 carbon brick炭塊 carbon block碳化硅基炭塊SiC-based carbon block炭電極 carbon electrode連續(xù)自焙電極Soderberg electrode石墨電極 graphite electrode超高功率石墨電極ultra-highpowergraphiteelectrode石墨電極接頭graphite electrode nipple石 墨電 極接 頭 孔graphiteelectrodesocketplug電極糊 electrode paste石墨坩堝 graph

42、ite crucible石墨電阻棒graphite rod resistor炭刷 carbon brush高純石墨 high purity graphite5.4鐵合金鐵合金 ferroalloy硅鐵 ferrosilicon硅鈣 calcium silicon金屬硅 silicon metal錳鐵 ferromangnanese低碳錳鐵 low carbon ferromanganese硅錳 silicomanganese金屬錳 manganese metal鉻鐵 ferrochromium低碳鉻鐵 low carbon ferrochromium微碳鉻鐵 extra low carbon

43、ferrochromium 硅鉻 silicochromium金屬鉻 chromium metal鎢鐵 ferrotunsten鉬鐵 ferromolybdenum鈦鐵 ferrotitanium硼鐵 ferroboron鈮鐵 ferroniobium磷鐵 ferrophosphorus鎳鐵 ferronickel鋯鐵 ferrozirconium硅鋯 silicozirconium稀土硅鐵 rare earth ferrosilicon稀土鎂硅鐵 rare earth ferrosilicomagnesium 成核劑 nucleater孕育劑 incubater,inoculant球化劑 n

44、odulizer蠕化劑 vermiculizer中間鐵合金master alloy復合鐵合金complex ferroalloy電碳熱法 electro-carbothermic process 電硅熱法 electro-silicothermic process鋁 熱 法aluminothermicprocess,thermitprocess電鋁熱法 electro-aluminothermic process 開弧爐 open arc furnace埋弧爐 submerged arc furnace半封閉爐 semiclosed furnace封閉爐 closed furnace矮煙罩電爐

45、 electric furnace with low hood 矮爐身電爐 low-shaft electric furnace5.5燒結(jié)與球團人造塊礦 ore agglomerates燒結(jié)礦 sinter壓塊礦 briquette球團 礦 pellet針鐵礦 goethite自熔性鐵礦self-fluxed iron ore復合鐵礦 complex iron ore塊礦 lump ore粉礦 ore fines礦石混勻 ore blending配礦 ore proportioning礦石整粒 ore size grading返礦 return fines儲礦場 ore stockyard礦石

46、堆料機ore stocker勻礦取料機ore reclaimer熔劑 flux消石灰 slaked lime活性石灰 quickened lime有機粘結(jié)劑organic binder燒結(jié)混合料sinter mixture燒結(jié)鋪底料hearth layer for sinter燒結(jié) sintering燒結(jié)熱前沿heat front in sintering燒結(jié)火焰前沿flame front in sintering渣相粘結(jié) slag bonding擴散粘結(jié) diffusion bonding帶式燒結(jié)機Dwight-Lloyd sintering machine環(huán) 式 燒 結(jié) 機circular

47、travellingsinteringmachine燒結(jié)梭式布料機 shuttle conveyer belt 燒結(jié)點火料 sintering ignition furnace 燒結(jié)盤 sintering pan 燒結(jié)鍋 sintering pot燒結(jié)冷卻機sinter cooler帶式冷卻機straight-line cooler環(huán)式冷卻機 circular cooler ,annular cooler 生球 green pellet,ball生球長大聚合機理 ball growth by coalescence 生球長大成層機理 ball growth by layering生球長大同化機

48、理ball growth by assimilation精 礦 成 球 指 數(shù)ballingindexforironoreconcentrates生球轉(zhuǎn)鼓強度 drum strength of green pellet 生球落下強度 shatter strength of green pellet 生球抗壓強度 compression strength of greenpellet生球爆裂溫度cracking temperature of greenpellet圓筒造球機balling drum圓盤造球機balling disc豎爐陪燒球團shaft furnace for pellet fi

49、ring帶式機陪燒球團traveling grate for pellet firing鏈算機 - 回轉(zhuǎn)窯陪燒球團grate-kilnforpelletfiring環(huán)式機陪燒球團 circular gates for pellet firing 冷固結(jié)球團 cold bound pellet維式體 wustite鐵橄欖石 fayalite鐵尖晶石 hercynite鐵黃長石 ferrogehlenite鐵酸半鈣 calcium diferrite鐵酸鈣 calcium ferrite鐵酸二鈣 dicalcium ferrite錳鐵橄欖石knebelite鈣鐵橄欖石kirschsteinite鈣鐵輝石 hedenbergite鈣鐵榴石 andradite鈣長石 anorthite鈣鎂橄欖石monticellite鈣鈦礦 perovskite硅灰石 wollastonite硅酸二鈣 dicalcium silicate硅酸三鈣 tricalcium silicate鎂橄欖石 forsterite鎂黃長石 akermanite鎂薔薇輝石manganolite鈣鋁黃長石gehlenite鈦輝石 titanaugite槍晶