托福閱讀如何搞定詞句和結(jié)構(gòu)

1、資料來(lái)源：來(lái)自本人網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理！祝您工作順利！托福閱讀如何搞定詞句和結(jié)構(gòu) 為了關(guān)心大家備考托福。進(jìn)步閱讀成果，打有預(yù)備的仗，下面我給大家?guī)?lái)托福閱讀如何搞定詞句和構(gòu)造，盼望大家喜愛(ài)。 托福閱讀如何搞定詞句和構(gòu)造 no8-1，我們從“詞-句-篇章來(lái)談?wù)勥@篇文章。 原文： geologists have long known that the earths mantle is heterogeneous, but its spatial arrangement remains unresolvedis the mantle essentially layered or irregularly hete

2、rogeneous? the best evidence for the layered-mantle thesis is the well-established fact that volcanic rocks found on oceanic islands, islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle,are composed of material fundamentally different from that of the midocean ridge system, w

3、hose source, most geologists contend, is the upper mantle.some geologists, however, on the basis of observations concerning mantle xenoliths, argue that the mantle is not layered, but that heterogeneity is created by fluids rich in incompatible elements (elements tending toward liquid rather than so

4、lid state) percolating upward and transforming portions of the upper mantle irregularly, according to the vagaries of the fluids pathways. we believe, perhaps unimaginatively, that this debate can be resolved through further study, and that the underexplored midocean ridge system is the key. 一、難詞 sp

5、atial: a.1.空間的，太空的;2.存在(或者發(fā)生)于宇宙空間的 plume: n.1.羽狀物2.柱，地柱 xenolith:俘虜巖 percolate:v.1.浸透2.擴(kuò)大到，充滿于 portions: n.一局部 二、難句 1.the best evidence for the layered-mantle thesis is the well-established fact that volcanic rocks found on oceanic islands，islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from

6、the lower mantle，are composed of material fundamentally different from that of the mid-ocean ridge system， whose source，mostgeologists contend，is the upper mantle. 對(duì)于地幔分層論點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)，最好的證據(jù)乃這樣一個(gè)確認(rèn)的事實(shí)，即在那些海洋島嶼這些島嶼據(jù)信是源于由下層地幔升上來(lái)的地幔柱狀溶巖流(mantle plume)上發(fā)覺(jué)的火山巖石，是由與海洋中部山脊系統(tǒng)的物質(zhì)根本不同的物質(zhì)構(gòu)成的，而這一海洋中部山脊系統(tǒng)的成因，大多數(shù)地質(zhì)學(xué)家論辯道，為上

7、部地幔。 難句類(lèi)型：冗雜修飾、插入語(yǔ) 說(shuō)明：本句前面的主干并不算難，即the evidence is the fact that,難就難在fact之后說(shuō)明fact 的同位語(yǔ)從句。此從句中既有大段插入語(yǔ)，又有從句，較犯難讀。同位語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是volcanic rocks，主語(yǔ)后面的found on oceanic islands是分詞修飾volcanic rocks的;islands后面又有一個(gè)說(shuō)明islands的同位語(yǔ)islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle,此同位語(yǔ)實(shí)際起到一個(gè)分隔主

8、謂的同位語(yǔ)的作用。其后是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞are composed/of fundamentally different from that of the midocean ridge system, whose source, most geologists contend, is the upper mantle。 句中有一些專(zhuān)有詞匯。假如拋開(kāi)文章不說(shuō)，單看這一個(gè)句子，那么句首的layered mantle thesis就難以理解。但是假如讀者可以讀懂句子的大致意思，看到layered mantle thesisr最有力證據(jù)就是其材料fundamentally different from the

9、upper mantle,這應(yīng)當(dāng)可以推想出，既然不同于上層地幔，那么這個(gè)理論肯定是在說(shuō)地幔有不同的層面。 2. some geologists，however，on the basis of observations concerning mantlexenoliths， argue that the mantle isnot layered，but that heterogeneity is created by fluids rich in incompatible elements (elements tending towardliquid rather than solid stat

10、e)percolating upward and transformingportions of the upper mantleirregularly，according to the vagaries of the fluids pathways. (4+) 但是，某些地質(zhì)學(xué)家，以對(duì)地幔捕虜巖體(xenolith)所作的觀看為根據(jù)，指出地幔并非是分層排列的，相反，地幔的異質(zhì)性是由那些富含“不相容成分的流質(zhì)構(gòu)成的，這些成分趨向于流體而非固體的狀態(tài)，自下而上浸透擴(kuò)大，并按照這些流質(zhì)流向的任意性，不規(guī)章地將上部地幔的某些局部予以轉(zhuǎn)變。 難句類(lèi)型：冗雜修飾、插入語(yǔ) 說(shuō)明：本句的主句中有一個(gè)長(zhǎng)插入語(yǔ)

11、however,on the basis of observations concerning mantle xenoliths,割裂了主謂，但句子的主要難度還是在that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，從句中有由but 所連接的兩個(gè)句子，一起連續(xù)到句末。首選是rich in incompatible elements修飾fluids;后面又有一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)和一個(gè)分詞構(gòu)造，都是修飾incompatible elements的，最終還有一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾那個(gè)分詞構(gòu)造，層層修飾，比擬冗雜。 三、文章構(gòu)造 ts是文章的第一句，因此這一篇短文章是結(jié)論說(shuō)明型。文章開(kāi)頭說(shuō)出了地幔是heterogeneous,然后又指出了他的s

12、patial arrangement remains unresolved,然后提出了兩種理論，一是layyered-mantle thesis,另外一個(gè)是irregularly heterogeneous.然后分別對(duì)這兩種理論進(jìn)展describe.最終指出，we believe,perhaps unimaginatively, that this debate can be resolved through further study, and that the underexplored midocean ridge system is the key. 托福閱讀三大經(jīng)典題型解題技巧 一、指代題 1、識(shí)別：the word ： in line refers to 2、做法 ： 向前找出現(xiàn)過(guò)的詞語(yǔ)，一般多為名詞，一般是多為間隔 較近的詞語(yǔ)。當(dāng)心冗雜定語(yǔ)從句。 將出現(xiàn)過(guò)的詞語(yǔ)代入所在位置。之后推斷下當(dāng)前句子是否成立而且意義通順。 留意人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的改變。i