第13講名詞性從句上

1、第13講名詞性從句（上）名詞性從句共有四種：主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句許高考重點(diǎn)要求：名詞性從句中的語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題名詞性從句中的時(shí)態(tài)it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)代替主語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句的用法從句中的語(yǔ)氣賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移從句引導(dǎo)詞的正確選用第一節(jié)知識(shí)梳理主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句的概述：主語(yǔ)從句在整個(gè)句子中作主語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞：主語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞分為三類(lèi)，具體內(nèi)容如下所示：連詞That :不同于其它的連詞，它不充當(dāng)句子的成分，只是單純的連接詞，通常不可以省略。分 句置于句首時(shí)，that絕對(duì)不可以省略。Eg. That price will go up is certain.That he finish

2、ed writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.Whetherif不能用在主語(yǔ)從句中，而是用whetherEg. Whether we go by train or by boat makes no differenee.Whether he ll come here isn t clear.連接代詞What （ ever）當(dāng) what 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 指物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用第三人稱單數(shù)， 下面這個(gè)句型例外。Eg. What we need is more time and money.What we ne

3、ed are many more books.Who （ ever） /whom （ ever ）當(dāng) who 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，指代某人。在從句中作主語(yǔ)不能省略。翻譯是不能把它翻 譯成疑問(wèn)句。Eg. Who will write the poem has not been decided yet.連接副詞復(fù)合連接副詞 whevever, whenever, however, why 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句， 它們分別在從句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、 賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，不能省略。注意，翻譯時(shí)，不能把它們翻譯成疑問(wèn)句。WhereEg. Where to meet him is still not decided yet.W

4、henEg. When he will be back depends on the weather.WhyEg. Why he did it remains a mystery.HowEg. How the pyramids were built is still a mystery.表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句的概述表語(yǔ)從句就是用一個(gè)句子作為表語(yǔ)。說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么或者怎么樣，由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng) 于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)，和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞： 表語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞分為三類(lèi)，具體內(nèi)容如下所示：連詞ThatThat 在表語(yǔ)從句中不做成分，沒(méi)有詞義，不能省略，但在口語(yǔ)中有時(shí)可省略。Eg.

5、His suggestion is that we should stay calm.Whetherif 不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，只能用 whether 來(lái)引導(dǎo)Eg. The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us. The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.Because, as, as if, as thoughEg. He looked just as he had looked ten years before.It sounds as if someone is

6、knocking at the door.Its just because he doesnt know her. 連接代詞What（ ever）What 在表語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，不能省略，從句中的語(yǔ)序?yàn)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)氣。Eg. The scissors are not what I need. 這不是我們需要的剪刀。Who （ ever）Eg. The problem is who/whom we can get to replace her. 問(wèn)題是我們能讓誰(shuí)取代她。 Which （ ever）What I want to know is which road we should take. 我想知道

7、我們到底該走哪條路。 連接副詞WhereEg. This is where they once lived.那就是他們?cè)?jīng)住過(guò)的地方。WhenEg. The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.問(wèn)題是他什么時(shí)候能到賓館。WhyEg. The question is why he cried yesterday.問(wèn)題是為什么他昨天會(huì)哭。How問(wèn)題是老虎是怎么從籠子里出去的。How 在表語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，不能省略，從句中的語(yǔ)序?yàn)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。Eg. The question is how the tiger got out of the cage.賓語(yǔ)

8、從句賓語(yǔ)從句的概述：在句子中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句分為三類(lèi)：動(dòng)詞的 賓語(yǔ)從句，介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句和形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞有：連詞：that ( that 常可省略)whether, if代詞： who, whose, what ,which畐y詞： when ,where, how, why 等。具體內(nèi)容如下所示：連詞Thatthat引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語(yǔ)從句。Eg. He told me (that ) he would go to college the next year.他告訴我他明年上大學(xué) .Whetherif和whether, w

9、hether.or not引導(dǎo)表示 是否的一般疑問(wèn)句的賓語(yǔ)從句。Eg. I don t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否還會(huì)有公交車(chē).Nobody kn ew whether he could pass the exam.沒(méi)有人知道他是否會(huì)通過(guò)考試連接代詞連接代詞主要有 who, whom, whose, what, whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever 等，連接代詞一般指疑問(wèn)，但what, whatever除了指疑問(wèn)外，也可以指陳述.What (ever)The book wi

10、ll show you what the best CEOs should know.這本書(shū)會(huì)告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解什么.Who (ever)Eg. Do you know who has won Red Alert game .你知道是誰(shuí)贏得了紅色警戒的游戲么？Which (ever)Eg. Have you determined whichever you should buy, a Motorola or Nokia cell phone 你決定好是買(mǎi)諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎 ?連接副詞 連接副詞主要有 when, where, why, how, whenever, where

11、ver, however 等。 WhereEg. None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 沒(méi)有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買(mǎi)到 .WhenEg. He didn t tell me when we should meet again. 他沒(méi)有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見(jiàn)面。WhyEg. He didn t ask me why I turned her down. 他沒(méi)有問(wèn)我拒絕他的原因。HowEg. Could you please tell me how you use the new panel.你能告訴我怎么用這個(gè)新的操作

12、盤(pán)嗎賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài) 主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可用任意時(shí)態(tài)?？蓺w納為“主現(xiàn)從不限” 主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。可歸納為“主過(guò)從句過(guò)” 主句用過(guò)去時(shí)，從句是客觀真理、客觀常識(shí)、名人格言時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Eg. The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday. 老師昨天說(shuō)月亮圍著地球轉(zhuǎn) . 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could/would 用于，“請(qǐng)求”，表示委婉、客氣的語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，從句不受主句的約束。 同位語(yǔ)從句 同位語(yǔ)從句的概述 同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句,介賓從句）中的主要從句之一，從句作同位語(yǔ)

13、表示與之同位的名詞 （短語(yǔ)）的實(shí)際內(nèi)容，它的作用相當(dāng)于名詞， 對(duì)前面的名詞（短語(yǔ)）加以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或進(jìn)一步解釋?zhuān)喈?dāng)于一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句，它們之間的關(guān)系是 同位關(guān)系，即主表關(guān)系。同位語(yǔ)從句特點(diǎn)：名詞作同位語(yǔ) -可以跟同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought, hope, message suggestion, words （消息）,possibility 等（一般的 抽象名詞都可用。Mr Wang,my child s teacher,will be visiting us on Tuesday. 王先生,我孩子的老師,星期二要來(lái)看

14、我們。短語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ)I, the oldest girl in the family,always had to care for the other children. 我,作為家里最大的女孩,老得照料家中的其他孩子。直接引語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ)But now the question comes to their minds ,“Did she die young because she was a clone?但是現(xiàn)在他們不得不思考這樣的問(wèn)題：多莉早死是因?yàn)樗且恢豢寺⊙騿?？”句子作同位語(yǔ)The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can

15、 sail up the Great lakes. 巨大的海輪可以開(kāi)到五大湖,讓表姐妹倆感到吃驚。同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞英語(yǔ)中引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的詞通有連詞that， whether，連接代詞 what， who。連接副詞how,when,where 等。（注： if,which 不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。）同位語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞分為三類(lèi)，具體內(nèi)容如下所示 :連詞that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that不能省略Eg. The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong. 你認(rèn)為不動(dòng)腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完全錯(cuò)誤的。（作 id

16、ea 的同位語(yǔ)）【注意 1】在某些名詞（如 demand, wish, suggestion, resolution 等）后面的同位語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。There was a suggesti on that Brow n should be dropped from the team有 一項(xiàng)建議是布朗應(yīng)該離隊(duì)。 【注意 2】He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，給人的印象是他要登上飛往東京的飛機(jī)了。Whether whether 可引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，但 if

17、 不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。Eg. The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我們是否請(qǐng)專(zhuān)家由家庭醫(yī)生來(lái)定。連接代詞 連接代詞有 what, who, whom, whose 。Eg. I have no idea what size shoes she wears. 我不知道她穿幾號(hào)的鞋。 （ what 作定語(yǔ)） 同位語(yǔ)從句 The question who will take his place is still not clear. （ who 作主語(yǔ)） 連接副詞

18、 連接副詞有 when, where, how, why whereEg. We haven t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪兒去度暑假，這個(gè)問(wèn)題我們還沒(méi)有決定。whenEg. We have no idea when she was born. 我不知道她什么時(shí)候出生的。 whyEg. The teacher had no idea why Jack was absent. 老師不知道杰克為什么遲到 HowEg. I have no impression how he

19、went home, perhaps by bike. 他是如何回到家的，我沒(méi)有任何印象，可能是騎自行車(chē)。第二節(jié) 近5年高考真題回顧1.主語(yǔ)從句（2010 北京） some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A. WhetherB. WhatC. ThatD. HowC. whetherD. how（2010 浙江）It is uncertain【解析】B。句意：一些人眼中的缺點(diǎn)是別的許多人眼中的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。side effect the medic ine will bring about, although

20、about twothousa nd patie nts have take n it.A. thatB. whatC. howD. whether【解析】B。句意：盡管大約有兩千名病人服用過(guò)這種藥物，但它會(huì)帶來(lái)什么樣的副作用還不確定。2.表語(yǔ)從句（2010 上海） One reason for her preferenee for city life isshe can have easy access toplaces like shops and restaura nts.A. thatB. how【解析】 A。此處that不可以省略。C. whatD. why（2010 江蘇） I p

21、refer shutt ing myself in and liste ning to music all day on Sun days.That sI don t agree. You should have a more active life.A. whereB. howC. whe nD. what【解析】A。句意：這就是我不同意的地方。3.賓語(yǔ)從句（2010 全國(guó) II ） Have you finished the book ?No. I ve read up tothe children discover the secret cave.A. whichB. whatC. th

22、atD. where解析】D。up to為介詞短語(yǔ)，后接賓語(yǔ)從句（2010 山東） Before the sales start, I make a list ofmy kids will n eed for the coming seas on.A. whyB. whatC. how D. which【解析】 B。句意為“在大甩賣(mài)開(kāi)始前，我把孩子們?cè)谙聜€(gè)季節(jié)里要用到的東西列了一個(gè)清單”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處需填的詞在從句中充當(dāng)need的賓語(yǔ)，故選B。（2010 四川） How much one enjoys himself traveling depends largely onhe g

23、oes with,whether his friends or relatives.A. whatB. whoC. howD. why【解析】B。句意為“一個(gè)人旅游快樂(lè)與否很大程度上取決于他和誰(shuí)去，無(wú)論是他的朋友還是親戚”。根據(jù)句末的 whether his friends or relatives可知應(yīng)是和誰(shuí)去第三節(jié)鞏固練習(xí)（上）1. Jack liked to read was quite differe nt fromyou had expected.A. That; thatB. What; whatC. That; whatD. What; that2. surprised me most wasthe little girl spoke French so well.A. That; thatB. What; howC. What; thatD. That; why3. Last Sun day Peter made a promisehe would give the book back to me