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1、the application of context theory to vocabulary teaching in longgang middle school qin xuexia dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of bachelor of arts in school of foreign languagesshenzhen universitydecember 2017 acknowledgementsi hereby would like to ack

2、nowledge the support, teaching and . my sincere gratefulness goes to my supervisor, professor david nunan, whose guidance, expertise and encouragement provide an important support throughout the work of my dissertation as well as the involvement in all his lectures.the application of context theory

3、to vocabulary teaching in longgang middle schoolabstractvocabulary is one of the three components of language. the present situation of english vocabulary teaching is far from the higher requirement of the new curriculum criteria on vocabulary. in this thesis, the author will apply the context theor

4、ies to english teaching in the longgang middle school, and do an experimental study to confirm that the new way of teaching vocabulary is effective. the author chooses one sample to apply context theory to vocabulary teaching in longgang middle school. and then, compared with its grade table between

5、 pre-test and post-test. the results indicate that studentspost-test results of experiment class are improved greatly compared with that in the pretest. therefore, it appears to be much more significant and urgent to explore a practical, scientific and effective vocabulary teaching approach to impro

6、ve vocabulary teaching in junior middle school. keywords: context theory; vocabulary teaching; longgang middle school 語境理論在龍崗中學中英語詞匯教學中的運用摘 要詞匯是語言的三大要素之一。英語詞匯教學的現(xiàn)狀與新課標對詞匯的要求不高。因此，探索一種切實可行、科學有效的詞匯教學方法來提高初中英語詞匯教學顯得更為重要和迫切。本文選擇深圳龍崗中學為研究對象，并在該中學的英語教學中實際運用語境理論，并且在該學校展開實驗證明新的詞匯教學法更有效率。筆者在實際調(diào)查中選擇了龍崗中學的一個班級

7、展開將語境理論運用于詞匯教學的試驗，并比較其實驗前后的考試結(jié)果。結(jié)果表明，studentspost-test實驗班，前測相比大大提高。由此可以看出，在語境詞匯教學有利于激活詞匯學習和改善學生的詞匯學習策略，學生的學習興趣。同時，語境理論在初中英語詞匯教學中的應(yīng)用是切實有效的。 關(guān)鍵詞： 語境理論；英語詞匯教學；龍崗中學 chapter 1 introduction6chapter 2 the present situation of vocabulary teaching in context in longgang middle school72.1 learning vocabulary

8、in context in improving their vocabulary learning7chapter 3 the problems of the new words teaching in context93.1 teaching procedures93.2 the problems10chapter 4 requirement of the new curriculum criteria on vocabulary learning method114.1 the amount of the words114.2 the crucial role of context in

9、language teaching and learning12chapter 5 classification and functions of context145.1 the reasonable classification for context145.2 functions of context15chapter 6 the application of context theory in english vocabulary teaching176.1 theoretical foundation of applying context in vocabulary teachin

10、g176.2 analysis on the questionnaire186.3 analysis on the vocabulary test23chapter 7 conclusion27references29chapter 1 introduction1.1 objective of the research in this thesis, the anther hopes that this research can help to explore a suitable english vocabulary teaching mode for junior school and c

11、an provide some reference for junior middle schools that face the similar situation in english vocabulary teaching, which promotes the improvement of english vocabulary teaching in junior middle school.in the field of second language acquisition second language teaching, the importance of、vocabulary

12、 present situation of english vocabulary teaching in is indisputable. however, junior middle school is not optimistic. the author discovers by the survey that it is a low efficiency and much-time task for students and teachers to learn or teach english vocabulary. many students complain that they of

13、ten forget the words they have learned lately. in addition, the method of teaching of vocabulary is boring and teacher-centered. therefore, by the research of content theory to vocabulary teaching and learning in junior middle school, this article attempts to provide a method. it puts forth two hypo

14、theses followed by answers to them. one question is whether the method of teaching based on the theory of context can stimulate students interest in learning english and english vocabulary in junior middle school. the other is whether it can improve students ability to apply english、vocabulary. and

15、eliminate pragmatic failures in communication through the application of context theory to english vocabulary teaching in the junior middle school. context theory has been a hot issue. scholars and teachers have noticed the close relationship between the context and english teaching. in china, most

16、scholar sand english teachers focus on the importance of context to、vocabulary and english teaching in the university or senior middle school. however, in the .junior middle school the role of context in the vocabulary teaching is paid less attention to, which is what this thesis explored. as is kno

17、wn to all, english learning in junior middle school is the most basic stage, when students are developing their interest in english and form the effective vocabulary learning habit. therefore, the author intends to research into english vocabulary teaching and learning in context in the junior middl

18、e school. chapter 2 the present situation of vocabulary teaching in context in longgang middle school learning vocabulary in context in improving their vocabulary learningthe author hopes this thesis can attract more teachers attention to apply context to vocabulary teaching and perfect the relevant

19、 research. during the twelve-+-eek experiment in longgang middle school, two questionnaires and two vocabulary tests were given to students in two classes by the researcher. the analysis of the scores demonstrates that the experimental class was improving rapidly in that their scores were better tha

20、n those in the pretest? lean while, students changed their attitudes towards english vocabulary learning and they were milling to use some never learning strategies. moreover, the mean scores of experimental class were much better than those in the control class. this result shows that learning voca

21、bulary in context is helpful to longgang middle school learners in improving their vocabulary learning. to be specific, it can improve the students interest in vocabulary learning and exerts a positive influence on developing their vocabulary learning strategy and their abilities on the application

22、of vocabulary. all of these prove that the approach of applying context theory in vocabulary teaching in longgang middle school to improve students learning strategies is practical and effective.more and more english teachers and scholars have a clear understanding about the problems that exist in、v

23、ocabulary learning and teaching in the junior middle school. for example, students show: that an effective learning method about vocabulary learning is difficult to get. while they often forget some words spelling and dont know how- to apply the words or phrases, especially the collocation of the wo

24、rds. it is the problem that leads to the pragmatic failure in the communication with other speakers, with the development of reformation in the english teaching, the responsible english teachers and scholars have devoted much time to the research on vocabulary teaching and come up with some understa

25、nding that teaching vocabulary in the context is likely to arouse the students interest in vocabulary learning, they will work hard to master the different kinds of meanings of vocabulary to improve the ability of communication in english.it is doubtless for all the teachers and learners of english

26、that the mastery of vocabulary plays a crucial role in both languages teaching and learning. sound, grammar and vocabulary are three essential elements of a language. among them, vocabulary is the dominant one. vocabulary is the carrier of both sound and grammar. vocabulary is like bricks to the who

27、le building. without vocabulary, any language is conceivable; without vocabulary, we cannot communicate with each other; without enough vocabulary, it is impossible for language learners to make progress in the four traditional foundational language skills of listening, speaking, reading or writing.

28、 many linguists who engage in researches on foreign language teaching (such as mc carthy, 1990) have this kind of opinion. harmer (1990) points out “if we compare language structure as the sketch of language, vocabulary is the thing that provides important organs as well as blood and flesh.” wilkins

29、 (1972:111) argued that “without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.” language learners can spare little time to master the grammar, but it is impossible for them to grasp all the vocabulary even through their whole life. chapter 3 the problems of the new

30、 words teaching in context3.1 teaching procedures nowadays, the teaching method of teacher-centered,examination-oriented, and grammar-based still dominates the vocabulary teaching in most of the english classes. boring and dull are still the words we can use to describe the vocabulary teaching. most

31、 of the english teachers today still pay little attention to the cultivation of students ability to learn vocabulary actively and independently. most of the teachers follow the teaching procedures as below when they teach the new words. firstly, students read the whole word list after the teacher. t

32、hen the teacher corrects the pronunciation b, the teacher chooses some basic words to explain the usage by paraphrasing, giving examples, comparison, differentiation, or giving chinese equivalents and so on c, students memorize new words according to the word list and their notes. d. for the teacher

33、, dictation and spelling are the frequently used ways to test students mastery of the new words.the teacher teaches words out of context. the teacher is used to sparing too much time on explaining the knowledge and usage of the new words so as to neglect the language context and the actual use of th

34、e words. students only remember lots of meanings and examples of the new words. “only in a certain context, can words be given life and easy to remember and used appropriately”(lu shuxiang1975) . so learning words in isolation directly leads to influence the long-term memorization of the new words f

35、or students. therefore, teachers always complain about so many mistakes appearing in students speaking or writing. furthermore，the teacher finds that although they make great efforts in vocabulary teaching, students still cannot have a good understanding of many reading or listening materials or com

36、municate freely with others using the words properly in english . most of teachers pay no attention to the reappearance of the new words purposely. nation pointed out that some students can remember a new word as long as they meet it once. however, for most of the students, seven times appearing is

37、needed to remember a new word. if we learn words not for the exam, sixteen times appearing is needed. therefore, in order to make the students grasp the words, it is necessary to improve the reappearance of the words. nevertheless, most of the teachers neglect the reappearance of the new words purpo

38、sely. the low reappearance frequency of the new words is another important reason that results in the fact that the students forget the words easily. 3.2 the problems analyzing the results, we can see that english vocabulary has become a heavy burden for most of the students to memorize and understa

39、nd. english is just one of their subjects. they think english vocabulary is time-consuming. they are tired of spending too much time memorizing vocabulary. even if they work hard on vocabulary, they find that the result is far from satisfactory: they will soon forget the words that they think they h

40、ave remembered well; they still have great troubles in using the words freely and flexibly during writing and communicating and they still fail to appreciate or understand the text when they are reading even though they think they have got a large vocabulary bank. as a result, more vocabulary does n

41、ot contribute to improving students language ability as we wish. in addition, they are lack of proper learning strategy and method. for most of them, their text book is the main source of acquiring vocabulary. although they know learning vocabulary through actual use and practice, more than half of

42、them have not developed a good habit of memorizing vocabulary. however, the most terrible thing is that some of them have lost their interest in learning english because of the boring vocabulary. chapter 4 requirement of the new curriculum criteria on vocabulary learning method4.1 the amount of the

43、words with the implementation of the new curriculum criteria in our country in 2001, how much vocabulary do the middle students need to master? the new curriculum criteria made specific provision. the third, forth, and fifth level in the new curriculum criteria are the respective goals that the stud

44、ents of grade 7 to grade 9 in longgang middle school should reach. among them, the general descriptions of the vocabulary goals for level 5 are as follows: from the description above we can see that the new curriculum criteria raise higher requirement on vocabulary than before. for junior middle sch

45、ool students, this is not a small case. except for the increase of the vocabulary, the new curriculum criteria put forward the higher requirement on the application of the words. the general objective of the new curriculum criteria is to cultivate students overall linguistic competence including lan

46、guage knowledge, learning attitude, learning strategy and cultural consciousness. as for language teaching, the new curriculum criteria demand that the teacher should train listening, speaking, reading and writing skills comprehensively. as for the language skill, the new curriculum criteria demand

47、that students should be able to get information in english, express their thoughts and attitude and grasp some basic skills of sociality in english. on the aspect of learning strategy, the new curriculum criteria point out that it is more important to study students learning strategy than to only fo

48、cus on teaching. the aim of teaching is to teach less and less in the future. that means the teacher should teacher how to learn and cultivate students self-oriented learning ability. the target of teaching is to provide support and guidance to students english learning. after the study of new curri

49、culum, we find that it puts forward higher requirement on vocabulary than before. as far as the amount of the words is concerned, it has been increased greatly. the old text book requires students to master about 1200 words. we can see from the table above that in grade 7, vocabulary has been more t

50、han 1000, which is equal to the amount of the words of the whole three years in junior middle school in the old text book. however, there exists a gap between the text book of middle school and that of primary school. the new curriculum criteria require students to grasp 600-700 word and about 50 id

51、ioms after graduating from primary school. actually it cannot be achieved for most of the students. we can imagine after the students go to grade 7, only the amount of the words will be a big obstacle, let alone the other requirement on vocabulary. therefore, its easy for students to lost confidence

52、 and interest in english. nobody will object to the opinion that the command of right amount of vocabulary is the most important criterion to our foreign language proficiency; it is one of the central roles in learning a second language (lewis, 1993). with the development of the society and carrying

53、 out of the new curriculum criteria, english is not the necessity for examination; it has turned into a tool to exchange information, so the final vocabulary teaching objective is to help students learn how to acquire vocabulary on their own in their future life. we can see from authors survey above

54、, there are many problems in vocabulary teaching. 4.2 the crucial role of context in language teaching and learningthere is still a long way to run to achieve the final vocabulary teaching objective. therefore, as an english teacher, exploring an effective way to improve our vocabulary teaching is a

55、 necessary and urgent issue. only by this way can english teaching reach the higher requirements of the new curriculum criteria. with the development of applied linguistics, linguists have been gradually aware of the crucial role of context in language teaching and learning. more and more linguists

56、have begun to devote to the study of context in vocabulary teaching. context has been a popular research issue in modern linguistics. regretfully, although in recent years, some linguists and researchers have conducted some researches on this subject, most of them are in concerned with the use of co

57、ntext in vocabulary teaching in senior high school and college. the study about the use of context in vocabulary teaching in junior high school is paid less attention to. nevertheless, we all know junior middle school is a very important basic period for students to lay a solid foundation for their

58、future english learning. it is very essential and significant for the junior middle school students to develop a good learning habit and a scientific and effective learning method. a scientific and effective teaching approach is the precondition to reach this target. the aim of the present research is intended to call on english teachers to be sensitive to the various contexts that learners are supposed to encounter, to arouse students interest, to help them make