unit3_computers

1、 Computers Unit 3 I am a machine which is a good helper in doing house work. I wash clothes for people. Who am I ? Who am I ? Riddles(謎語(yǔ)謎語(yǔ)): washing machine A machine that you use to talk to other people even in a far-away place. We are connected by wire or radio. Now each of us often has a number.

2、Who am I ? Who am I ? Riddles(謎語(yǔ)謎語(yǔ)): telephone With this you can watch different programmers just at home. Im a machine that has a screen with moving pictures and sounds. But watching me too much is bad for your eyes. Who am I ? Who am I ? Riddles(謎語(yǔ)謎語(yǔ)): TV set I am very old now. I was born in China

3、. Many people used me for calculating in the past, but now I am a bit lonely because they dont like me now. Who am I ? Who am I ? abacus Riddles(謎語(yǔ)謎語(yǔ)): I am very small. I can be used for calculating. In China, a lot of students use me when solving mathematical problems. Who am I? Who am I? calculato

4、r Riddles(謎語(yǔ)謎語(yǔ)): I can be used for calculating. Besides, I can also be used for watching DVD, sending e-mail and communicating through the Internet. However, I am not a PC, because Im small enough for you to take me with you. notebook computer Who am I ?Who am I ? Riddles(謎語(yǔ)謎語(yǔ)): abacus huge computer

5、 PC calculator laptop PDA Whats next? What do they tell you about the development of computers? robot Give the English name of the following pictures of the computer components (組件組件) What is it in English? Main board(主板主板) What is it in English? CPU (central processing Unit) 中央處理器中央處理器 What is it i

6、n English? hard disc What is it in English? keyboard (鍵盤鍵盤) What is it in English? monitor screen What is it in English? mouse 鼠標(biāo)鼠標(biāo) DVD ROM Some words on the Internet: netizen 網(wǎng)民網(wǎng)民Net surf 網(wǎng)絡(luò)漫游網(wǎng)絡(luò)漫游 computer virus 計(jì)算機(jī)病毒計(jì)算機(jī)病毒 cyber 計(jì)算機(jī)的，網(wǎng)絡(luò)的計(jì)算機(jī)的，網(wǎng)絡(luò)的 browse 瀏覽瀏覽cyberspace 網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間 scroll 滾動(dòng)顯屏滾動(dòng)顯屏access

7、charge 接入費(fèi)接入費(fèi) cursor 光標(biāo)光標(biāo)BBS 公告板服務(wù)公告板服務(wù) hacker 黑客黑客chat room 聊天室聊天室 click 點(diǎn)擊點(diǎn)擊 cyber bar 網(wǎng)吧 網(wǎng)吧 Do you know in what ways computers are used today? Work out a list and compare it with your partner. search for see movies listen to music read books and magazines send emails to friends download music and

8、 films buy things on line play games on the computer draw pictures look at photographs on the computer use a computer for school work take part in chat groups Computers can be used Computers can be used asas. . typewriter projector video game player drawing board Conclusion There is no doubt that co

9、mputer has two sides, too. If we make good use of it, it will make our lives more colorful and convenient. But dont lose yourself in playing computers. Just remember: Keep fit, study well and work hard. WHO AM I? Reading 1. Who is the speaker in this story? 2. Whats the main idea of this passage? A.

10、 The development of computers. B. The development and use of computers. C. A machine which is simple-minded. D. Computers may replace human beings. A computer. Skimming Reading Comprehension I 1642 1822 The computer began as a calculating machine 1936 The computer grew rapidly both in size and in br

11、ainpower. Finish the timeline below. Scanning Reading Comprehension II The analytical machine was made by Charles Babbage. 1940s The first family of computers was connected to each other. 1970s Now 1960s Computers were used in offices and homes. Computers connect people all over the world together.

12、The computer had grown as large as a room. These changes only became possible as my memory improved. Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me. Over time I have been changed quite a lot. Para 1: Para 2: Para 3: Match the main ideas and the paragraphs. Reading Comprehension III Par

13、agraph 1 Topic sentence Over time I have been changed quite a lot. Supporting details 1 calculating machine 2 analytical machine 3 universal machine 4 PC 5 laptop Paragraph 2 Topic sentence These changes only became possible as my memory improved. Supporting details 1 tubes 2 transistors 3 chips 4 n

14、etwork 5 World Wide Web Paragraph 3 Topic sentence Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me. Supporting details 1 communications 2 finance 3 trade 4 robots 5 mobile phones 6 medical operations 7 space rockets 8 providing a life of high quality Brainstorm a list of things that you

15、, your school and your family use computers for. Think about what you would have to do if you could not use computers any more. DiscussionDiscussion calculate on doing sth指望或依靠某事物 calculate that clause估計(jì)；認(rèn)為 (1)Were calculating on an early start. 我們指望可以早出發(fā)。朗文 (2)I calculated that we would arrive at 6

16、:00 p.m. 我預(yù)計(jì)我們將于下午六點(diǎn)到達(dá)。 (2)This advertisement children. 這個(gè)廣告是針對(duì)兒童設(shè)計(jì)的。牛津 is calculated to appeal to 直通高考看看高考怎么考 (1)They_(估算，計(jì)算) that due to the global warming the forest is producing additional tons of wood each year.(2010上 海卷SectionB) 答案calculated (2)After hours of searching，their patience was_and t

17、hey found what they were looking for.(2012湖北黃岡中學(xué)月考) Acalculated Bconfirmed Crewarded Devaluated 解析考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。calculate計(jì)算；估算；confirm 證實(shí)；確認(rèn)；reward報(bào)答；報(bào)酬；evaluate評(píng)價(jià)；評(píng)估。句意： 經(jīng)過幾個(gè)小時(shí)的搜尋，他們的耐心得到了回報(bào)，終于找到了要 找的東西。 答案C (1)anyhow作“無(wú)論如何；即使如此；總之”講時(shí)，與 anyway一樣，都用作讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，常與but連用，一般置于句 中或句末。 (2)anyhow作“況且；更何況；再說；至少”講時(shí)，用

18、 作狀語(yǔ)，表示對(duì)前面話作補(bǔ)充，給出一個(gè)令人信服的理由。此 時(shí)anyhow常出現(xiàn)在句首或最后一個(gè)分句的句首，而不用于句末。 (3)當(dāng)anyhow作“隨意地；雜亂地”講時(shí)，不能與anyway互 換。 (1)So anyhow，as I was saying，when I arrived Tom was already there.不管怎樣，正如我所說，我到達(dá)的時(shí)候湯姆已經(jīng)在 那兒了。朗文 (2)Its too late now，. 無(wú)論如何現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)太遲了。牛津 (3) His clothes were thrown down just anyhow. 他的衣服隨便亂扔。 anyhow 直通高考看看

19、高考怎么考 (1)Im sorry I didnt finish it on time. _.(2011四川卷，1) AFine，thanks BNo，thanks CThanks a lot DThanks anyway 解析考查情景交際。A項(xiàng)是見面打招呼的用語(yǔ)；B項(xiàng)用于 委婉拒絕；C項(xiàng)表示非常感謝。D項(xiàng)意為“無(wú)論如何，還是要謝 謝你”。聯(lián)系上句“抱歉我未能按時(shí)完成”可知應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。 答案D (2)Do you think attending training courses is a great help when you look for a new job? Well，it all de

20、pends._，it gives me more of a chance t o try.(2012杭州學(xué)軍中學(xué)期中考試) ASomehow BBesides CAnyway DTherefore 解析考查副詞詞義辨析。somehow以某種方式或原因； besides另外，再有；anyway無(wú)論如何；therefore因此。由句意 “噢，要看情況而定。無(wú)論如何，它給我提供了一次嘗試的 機(jī)會(huì)”可知應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。 答案C arise from/out of 由而引起；由而產(chǎn)生；從中產(chǎn)生 友情提示：arise作“出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生”之意講時(shí)，其主語(yǔ)多為 problem，argument，quarrel，ques

21、tion，danger，movement等抽 象名詞，而且多用于指不好的事情的發(fā)生或出現(xiàn)。 arise/rise/raise 辨析 arise是不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；起因于”，其不 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化形式為arisearosearisenarising； rise也是不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“升起；上升；起身；增長(zhǎng)”， 其不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化形式為riseroserisenrising； raise是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“提升；提高；舉起；飼養(yǎng)”，其 動(dòng)詞變化形式為raiseraisedraisedraising。 (1)Can we begin by discussing matters the last m

22、eeting？我們是不是可以從討論上次會(huì)議所產(chǎn)生的問題 開始？朗文 (2)As we sped down the highway，the lights of the city arose before us.我們?cè)诠飞霞柴?，城市的燈光映入眼簾。朗?arising from 直通高考看看高考怎么考 (1)The next thing he saw was smoke_from behind the house.(2011全國(guó)卷，27) Arose Brising Cto rise Drisen 解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。smoke與rise之間存在主謂關(guān)系， 故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞rising作后置定語(yǔ)。

23、句意：他看到的下一個(gè)事是 有煙從房后升起。 答案B (2)The only problem_(arise) in New York，where l ocal readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population.(2011天津閱讀理解C) 解析此處arise用作句子的謂語(yǔ)，where引導(dǎo)了非限制性定 語(yǔ)從句，修飾New York。 答案arose from now on從現(xiàn)在起；從今以后 from then on從那以后 from.to.從到 (1) ，I will only be w

24、orking in the mornings. 從現(xiàn)在起，我只在上午工作。朗文 (2)It will vary from time to time and from place to place. 這會(huì)因時(shí)因地而異。朗文 From now on 直通高考看看高考怎么考 (1)_(從那時(shí)起)，my journey became interesting. (2010全國(guó)卷閱讀理解E) 答案From then on (2)_(從那時(shí)起)，weve kept in touch with another through emails.(2010全國(guó)卷短文改錯(cuò)) 答案From then on (1)As

25、a result of the pilots strike，all flights have had to be cancelled.由于飛行員罷工，所有的航班都被迫取消了。朗文 (2)The flight was delayed . 因有霧該航班誤點(diǎn)。牛津 as a result of fog 直通高考看看高考怎么考 (1)_(結(jié)果)，reading clubs and neighbourhood groups sprang up around the city.(2011天津，閱讀理解C) 答案As a result (2)My mother was over the age limit

26、and_，her application for the job was rejected.(2012重慶楊家坪中學(xué)測(cè)試) Aas a result Bin conclusion Cworse still Dwhats more 解析考查短語(yǔ)用法。A項(xiàng)意為“結(jié)果”；B項(xiàng)意為“總之； 最后”；C項(xiàng)意為“更差的是”；D項(xiàng)意為“再有；更有甚者”。 句意：我母親超過了年齡限制，結(jié)果她的工作申請(qǐng)被拒絕了。 答案A in one wayin a way在某種程度上 on ones way/the way to在的路上；即將成為 all the way一路上；一直；始終 by the way順便說一下 by

27、 way of經(jīng)由(某條道路) in the way擋路；妨礙 in this/that way以這種/那種方式 in many ways在很多方面 in no way一點(diǎn)也不；決不 (1)，its kind of nice to be working alone. 從某種意義上講，獨(dú)自一個(gè)人干活相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)。朗文 (2)The changes are an improvement in one way. 這些變化從某種意義上說是一種進(jìn)步。牛津 (3)We went by way of London.我們途經(jīng)倫敦。朗文 In a way 直通高考看看高考怎么考 (1)Ive been teachi

28、ng my history class_(以這種方式) for many years and the evaluations reflect student satisfaction with the environment that I create.(2011北京卷閱讀理解C) 答案in this way (2).on the other side where the old bucket was carried， there was a joyous row of wild flowers，leading_(一直)to the garden.(2011重慶卷閱讀理解A) 答案all th

29、e way Theres no help for it.沒辦法；別無(wú)選擇。 help sb out幫助某人渡過難關(guān)或擺脫困境 help sb with sth幫助某人某事 help (sb)(to) do sth幫助(某人)做某事 help oneself to_sth隨便取用或食用某事物 (1)We got it open. 我們借助刀子把它打開了。朗文 (2)Hes always willing to help (us) out when were short of staff.我們職員人手不足時(shí)，他總是急人之難。牛津 with the help of a knife 直通高考看看高考怎么

30、考 (1)Excuse me，I wonder if you can help me? Sure._？(2010天津卷，2) AWhat help BWhat is this CWhat is it DWhat do you want 解析考查交際用語(yǔ)。第一個(gè)人詢問是否可以幫忙，從第 二個(gè)人的回答sure，可以知道他愿意，接著問具體是什么事，用 What is it？。句意：勞駕，你能幫幫我嗎？好的，什么事？ 答案C (2)_others whenever you can，and you will make the world a nicer place to live in.(2012湖南雙

31、峰一中月考) AHelp BHelped CTo help DHelping 解析考查“祈使句and/or句子”結(jié)構(gòu)。 答案A (1)deal with意為“處理；安排；對(duì)付；涉及；談?wù)摚?與交易”等，其中的deal是不及物動(dòng)詞，故該短語(yǔ)常與疑問 副詞how連用。 (2)do with意為“處理；安排；對(duì)付”等，do為及物動(dòng)詞， 該短語(yǔ)常與疑問代詞what連用。 (1)Dont worry，Mr. Symes. It has already . 別擔(dān)心，賽姆斯先生，問題已經(jīng)解決了。朗文 (2)They try to deal politely with angry customers. 他們盡

32、量對(duì)發(fā)怒的顧客彬彬有禮。牛津 been dealt with 直通高考看看高考怎么考 (1)In many peoples opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant _.(2010四川卷，11) Ato deal with Bdealing with Cto be dealt with Ddealt with 解析考查不定式主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。在某些形容詞后經(jīng)常用不 定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)，此時(shí)，不定式動(dòng)作和句子的主語(yǔ)存在 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。又如：The apartment is comfortable to live in.這公寓住 著舒

33、服。 答案A watch for留意；觀察等待 watch out (for)警惕或注意；提防 keep a watch on監(jiān)視 on/off watch 在/不在值班 be under close watch被嚴(yán)密監(jiān)視 (1)a shepherd watching over his sheep照看羊群的牧羊人 朗文 (2)You have to fast traffic along here. 你得當(dāng)心這里快速的車流。朗文 watch out for before用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，本意為“在之 前 ” ， 但 在 句 子 中 ， 根 據(jù) 需 要 常 可 表 示 “ 還 沒 等 就

34、；之后才；不久就；趁著還沒”等意 思。常用于下面的句式： It will be 時(shí)間段 before從句，意為“(多長(zhǎng))時(shí)間之后 才”； It wont be long before從句，意為“不久就會(huì)”； (1) we know the full results. 再過些時(shí)候我們才能知道全部結(jié)果。朗文 (2)That dog ought to be destroyed before it attacks any more children. 應(yīng)該把那條狗殺死，趁它還沒咬更多的孩子。朗文 It will be some time before 直通高考看看高考怎么考 (1)The girl h

35、ad hardly rung the bell_ the door was opened suddenly，and her friends rushed out to greet her. (2010福 建卷，26) Abefore Buntil Cas Dsince 解析考查從屬連詞。句意： 這個(gè)女孩還沒等按門鈴門就 突然被打開了，她的朋友們沖出去歡迎她。選A項(xiàng)。B、C、D三 項(xiàng)在句中不合邏輯，故排除。 答案A (2)John thinks it wont be long_ he is ready for his new job.(2010陜西卷，20) Awhen Bafter Cbefo

36、re Dsince 解析考查狀語(yǔ)從句。所填詞引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，構(gòu)成It will be時(shí)間段狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是：用不了多久就。 答案C (3)It was April 29,2001_Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. (2011福建卷，33) Athat Bwhen Csince Dbefore 解析考查when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。注意不要誤以為本 句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句從而錯(cuò)選了A項(xiàng)。如果句子改為It was on April 29, 2001.該句就成為強(qiáng)調(diào)句。 答案B

37、 (1)so.that.句型的常見形式： soadj./adv. that clause soadj.a/an 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞that clause somany/much/few/littlen.that clause (2)such.that.句型的常見形式： sucha/anadj. 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 that clause suchadj. 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞 that clause (3)so.that.意為“如此以至于”，只能引導(dǎo)結(jié)果 狀語(yǔ)從句；而so that意為“結(jié)果是；以便；目的是”，既可以引 導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。so that引導(dǎo)目的狀 語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句中

38、常使用can/could/may/might/will/would 等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句中一般不用can/may 等詞，在so that前可以有逗號(hào)，意思是“因此；所以”。 (4)在so/such.that.的常見句型中，當(dāng)so./such.置于句 首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。 (1)Shes she has to have her clothes made for her.她長(zhǎng)得這么高，所以不得不定做衣服。朗文 (2)He has so organized his life that his wife suspects nothing.他 把生活安排得井井有條，為的是不讓妻子

39、有任何懷疑。牛津 (3)The knot was fastened in such a way that it was impossible to undo. 這個(gè)結(jié)系得那么緊，根本解不開。牛津 so tall that (4)I have seldom seen my mother _pleased with my progress as she is now.(2010全國(guó)卷，26) Aso Bvery Ctoo Drather 解析考查副詞。由后面的as可知選擇so與之搭配。句意： 我很少見到我的母親像現(xiàn)在這樣對(duì)我的進(jìn)步如此高興了。 答案A 2. universal adj. exist

40、ing everywhere or involving everyone 普遍的；通用的；宇宙的普遍的；通用的；宇宙的 universal rules 一般的原則一般的原則 universe n. 宇宙宇宙; 萬(wàn)有萬(wàn)有; 世界世界; 全人類全人類 Our world is but a small part of the universe. 我們的世界只是宇宙的一小部分。我們的世界只是宇宙的一小部分。 3. logical adj. 合邏輯的；合清理的合邏輯的；合清理的 a logical thinker 思想有邏輯性的人思想有邏輯性的人 a logical process 合理的程序合理的程序

41、 logically adv. 邏輯上；邏輯上； 有條理地有條理地 He acted logically under the circumstances. 在這種情況下他做事仍然很理智。在這種情況下他做事仍然很理智。 Logically, the decision is obvious. 從邏輯上，這項(xiàng)決定是明顯的。從邏輯上，這項(xiàng)決定是明顯的。 4. technology technique (n.) technologist (person) technical (adj.) technological (adj.) 1) This company is in great need of m

42、any _. 2) To build this machine, you must have _ability. 3) Do you know the knowledge of agricultural _. technologists technical technique 5. intelligence noun U the ability to learn, understand and make judgments or have opinions that are based on reason. 智力；聰明智力；聰明 intelligence quotient 智商智商 an in

43、telligence test 智力測(cè)驗(yàn)智力測(cè)驗(yàn) an intelligence agent 情報(bào)員情報(bào)員; 諜報(bào)員諜報(bào)員 intelligent adj. 智能的；聰明的智能的；聰明的 an intelligent reader 理解力強(qiáng)的讀者理解力強(qiáng)的讀者 an intelligent being 有智力的動(dòng)物有智力的動(dòng)物 intelligent reply 巧妙的答復(fù)巧妙的答復(fù) He is an intelligent person. 他是一位有才智的人。他是一位有才智的人。 6. so that 如此如此以致于以致于 與與 tooto 句型的相互轉(zhuǎn)換句型的相互轉(zhuǎn)換 e.g. He is

44、 so old that he cant carry the box. He is too old to carry the box. 此結(jié)構(gòu)中的此結(jié)構(gòu)中的that從句表示結(jié)果。從句表示結(jié)果。 The stone is so heavy that no one can lift it. 比較比較: so that 既能表結(jié)果，也能表目的。既能表結(jié)果，也能表目的。 so.that.結(jié)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)的so+形容詞形容詞/副詞位于句副詞位于句 首時(shí)，句子用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。首時(shí)，句子用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 So hard does he work that he seldom goes home. Difficult se

45、ntences analysis I am now truly filled with happiness that I am a devoted friend and helper of the human race! S. P. 我現(xiàn)在充滿了幸福感，成了人類的好我現(xiàn)在充滿了幸福感，成了人類的好 朋友好幫手！朋友好幫手！ 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句 O. Adv. The Present Perfect Passive Voice Grammar 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過 去去, 到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在仍有影響。到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在仍有影響。 現(xiàn)在

46、完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) Understanding the structure of the present perfect passive voice The structure of the present perfect passive voice is: have / has beened 1. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)即主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；被主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)即主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；被 動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)即主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者?，F(xiàn)在完動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)即主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者。現(xiàn)在完 成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)同它的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一樣，成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)同它的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一樣， 強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié) 果，

47、但主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者，表示果，但主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者，表示 “ 已經(jīng)被已經(jīng)被”。 The new school has been set up. 新學(xué)校已經(jīng)建成了。新學(xué)校已經(jīng)建成了。 2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的肯定式為：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的肯定式為： have / has + been + done The experiment has been done successfully. 這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)做得很成功。這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)做得很成功。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式為：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式為： have / has + not + been + done Toms novel has not been

48、published. 湯姆的小說還沒有被出版。湯姆的小說還沒有被出版。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般疑問句需將現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般疑問句需將 have / has提到主語(yǔ)的前面。提到主語(yǔ)的前面。 Has his bike been repaired? 他的自行車修好了嗎？他的自行車修好了嗎？ 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊疑問句為：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊疑問句為： 疑問詞疑問詞 + have / has + been + done Who has been invited? 誰(shuí)受到了邀請(qǐng)？誰(shuí)受到了邀請(qǐng)？ 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表達(dá)以下兩個(gè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表達(dá)以下兩個(gè) 概念：概念： 1. 說話時(shí)已

49、經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。說話時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。 2. 主語(yǔ)是行為動(dòng)作的承受者。主語(yǔ)是行為動(dòng)作的承受者。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由have/has been v-ed構(gòu)成，其中構(gòu)成，其中v-ed為過去分詞，為過去分詞， 表示被動(dòng)。表示被動(dòng)。 I have been told about it many times The bridge has just been built 在使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要在使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要 注意以下兩點(diǎn)：注意以下兩點(diǎn)： 1. 過去分詞前有兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞：過去分詞前有兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞： have / has和和been。 2.

50、必須表示被動(dòng)。必須表示被動(dòng)。 注意注意: 1. 副詞的位置副詞的位置 often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副詞置于等副詞置于have / has和和been中間。中間。 如如: 誤誤 Such a man has been hardly believed. 正正 Such a man has hardly been believed. 2. 并不是所有動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)并不是所有動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) (1) happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物動(dòng)詞或詞組無(wú)被等不及物動(dòng)詞

51、或詞組無(wú)被 動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如： 誤誤 Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978. 正正 Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. (2) open, break, drop等不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)出等不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)出 者時(shí)常用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。者時(shí)常用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 3. 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不可分割或省略其中的介詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不可分割或省略其中的介詞 或副詞。如：或副詞。如： The patients have been taken good care of. 4. 一些特殊動(dòng)詞一些特殊動(dòng)詞,

52、如如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等構(gòu)等構(gòu) 成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能與表示成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能與表示 一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。若要表達(dá)相應(yīng)的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。若要表達(dá)相應(yīng)的 意思，意思， 則需改換動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)。則需改換動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)。如：如： My brother has had (不能用不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. How long has this book been bought? How long ago was this bo

53、ok bought? (1) 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主 語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)。 (2) 把謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)把謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) (be過去分詞過去分詞) (根據(jù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子里的主語(yǔ)的人稱和根據(jù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子里的主語(yǔ)的人稱和 數(shù)，以及原來(lái)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的數(shù)，以及原來(lái)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的 時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定be的形式的形式)。 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法 (3) 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by之之 后作賓語(yǔ)后作賓語(yǔ), 將主格改為賓格。將主格改為賓格。 All the people laughed at him. He wa

54、s laughed at by all the people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory. (4) 雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可將其中的一雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可將其中的一 個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)， 另一個(gè)保留不動(dòng)。另一個(gè)保留不動(dòng)。 主動(dòng)：主動(dòng)：I have given him the key. 被動(dòng)：被動(dòng)：He has been given the key. 被動(dòng)：被動(dòng)：The key has been given (to) him. (5) 帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變被

55、動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí), 只只 能將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)能將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ), 原來(lái)的賓補(bǔ)保留不動(dòng)，原來(lái)的賓補(bǔ)保留不動(dòng)， 改稱主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。改稱主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 主動(dòng)：主動(dòng)：I have asked her to help you. 被動(dòng)：被動(dòng)：She has been asked to help you. 1. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decide

56、d 單選單選 2. Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used 3. All the preparations for the task _ and were ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed 4. Some new o

57、ilfields _ since 1976. A. were opened up B. has opened up C. have been opened up D. had been opened up 5. The silence of the library _ only by the sound of pages being turned over. A. has been broken B. breaks C. broke D. was broken 6. _ the sports meet might be put off. Yes, it all depends on the w

58、eather. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told Turn the following into the Passive Voice. 1. We have planted some trees around the lake. 2. My father has locked the door. 3. Someone has turned off the light. Some trees have been planted around the lake. The light has been turned off. The

59、door has been locked. 4. They will hold the Olympic Games in London in the year 2012. 5. They have rebuilt the bridge. The bridge has been rebuilt. The Olympic Games will be held in London in the year 2012. (1)誤誤Many new buildings been built since 1980. 正正Many new buildings have been built since 1980 分析分析: 謂語(yǔ)部分結(jié)構(gòu)不全謂語(yǔ)部分結(jié)構(gòu)不全, 時(shí)態(tài)部分不完整。時(shí)態(tài)部分不完整。 試分析：試分析