初一英語語法學習知識點詳細總結(jié)

1、初一英語語法學習知識點總結(jié)一、初一英語語法 詞法1、名詞a）名詞的數(shù)我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復數(shù)之分，復數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：）在后面力口 s0 女口： fathers, books, americans, germans, apples, bananas二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后力口 eso 女口： boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes,三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es如：baby-babies,2以元音字母力口 y 結(jié)尾的直接力口 so 如：day-days, b

2、oy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以o結(jié)尾加s（外來詞）。如：radios, photos,但如是輔音力口 o的力口 es：如：tomatoes 西紅柿，potatoes馬鈴薯五） 以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的變 f 為 v 再加 es（s）。 如： knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）單復數(shù)相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, dee鹿子，chinese, japanese七）一般只有復數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)的有： peopl

3、e,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks八） 單詞形式不變， 既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復數(shù)的有： police 警察局， 警察 , class 班，同學 , family 家，家庭成員九）合成的復數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個單詞。如： action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由 man或 woman 所組成的合成詞的復數(shù)貝同 時為復數(shù)。如： man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十）有的單復數(shù)意思不同。

4、如：巾sh魚巾shes魚的種類，paper紙papers報紙， 卷子，論文，work工作 works 作品，工廠，glass玻璃 glasses璃杯，眼鏡，orange 桔子水 orangesfi子，light 光線 lights 久t, people人 peoples民族，time 時間 times 時代 , 次數(shù) , chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞十一）單個字母的復數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或0s如：is （i s）, ks （k但s）如是縮略詞則只加so如：ids, vcds, sars十二） 特殊形式的有： child-children, man-men, woman-wo

5、men, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, englishman-englishmenb ）名詞的格 當我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下：一）單數(shù)在后面加 s 。如： brother s, mike s, teacher s二）復數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加，如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如:teachers dtyffi節(jié),classmates ; children 六snda women s daye八節(jié)）由and并列的名詞所有時，如果是共同所有同一人或物時，只加最后一個，s但分別擁有時卻分別按單數(shù)形式處

6、理。 如：mike and ben s room克和本的房間mikes and bens rooms2、代詞項目人稱代詞物主代詞指示代詞反身代詞人稱主格賓格形容詞名詞性第一人稱單數(shù)imemy minemyself復數(shù)weusour oursourselves第二人稱單數(shù)youyouyour yoursyourself復數(shù)youyouyour yoursyourselves第三人稱單數(shù)sheherher hersherselfhehimhis hishimselfitit its its this thatitself復數(shù)theythem their theirs these those the

7、mselves3、動詞a ） 第三人稱單數(shù)當動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時，動詞應該像名詞的單數(shù)變動詞那樣加s,如下:）般在詞后力口 so 如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二）在 x, sh, ch, s, tch后力口 eso 女口： watches, washes, wishes, finishes三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再力口 es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries2）以元音字母加 y結(jié)尾的直接加 s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buy

8、s四）以。結(jié)尾力口 eso女口： does, goes五）特殊的有： are-is, have-has8） 現(xiàn)在分詞當我們說某人正在做什么事時，動詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：）般在后力口 ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing2） 以不發(fā)音 e的結(jié)尾的去掉 e再力口 ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, prac

9、tice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個元音字母一個輔音字母（注意除開字母組合如show -showing, draw-drawing）要雙寫最后的輔音字母冉力口ing。如：put-putting,run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四）以 ie 結(jié)尾的變 ie 為 y 再加 ing 。如： tie-tying 系 die-dying 死 lie-lying 位于4、形容詞的級我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進行對比時， 則要使用比較或最高級形式。 構(gòu)成如下

10、：一）一般在詞后加 er或est（如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st）。如：greater-greatest, shorter -shortest, taller 面est, longer -longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest二）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1 個元音字母 1 個輔音字母（字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest）結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加 er /est 如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest3） 以輔音字母 + y 結(jié)尾的變 y 為i力口 er/est。如：

11、happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest（more friendly most friendly）, busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四）特殊情況： （兩好多壞，一少老遠 ）good/well - better bestmany/much - more mostbad/ill - worse worstlittle- less leastold- older/elder oldest/eldestfar- farther/furt

12、her farthest/furthest5、數(shù)詞(基變序，有規(guī)則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接 th； y 結(jié)尾，變?yōu)?i, eth 跟上去。 ) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、初一英語語法 句式1.陳述句肯定陳述句 a) this is a book. (be動詞)b) he looks very young. (連系動

13、詞)c) i want a sweat like this. (實義動詞)d) i can bring some things to school. 情態(tài)動詞()e) there s a computer on my desk. (therebe)否定陳述句 a) these aren t their books. b) they don t look nice.c) kate doesn t go to no. 4 middle school. d) kate can t find her doll.e) there isn t a cat here. (=there s no cat he

14、re.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句 a) please go and ask the man. b) let s learn english!c) come in, please.否定祈使句 a) don t be late. b) don t hurry.3. 疑問句1) 一般疑問句 a) is jim a student? b) can i help you? c) does she like salad?d) do they watch tv? e) is she reading?肯定回答 : a) yes, he is. b) yes, you can. c) yes, she does.

15、 d) yes, they do. e) yes, she is.否定回答 : a) no, he isn t. b) no, you can t. c) no, she doesn t. d) no, they don no, she isn t.2) 選擇疑問句 is the table big or small? 回答 it s big./ it s small.3) 特殊疑問句 問年齡how old is lucy? she is twelve. 問種類what kind of movies do you like? i like action movies and comedies.

16、 問身體狀況how is your uncle? he is well/fine. 問方式 how do/can you spell it? l-double o-k.how do we contact you? my e-mail address is cindyjones. 問原因why do you want to join the club? 問時間what s the time? (=what time is it?) it s a quarter to ten a.m.what time do you usually get up, rick? at five o clock.wh

17、en do you want to go? let s go at 7:00. 問地方where s my backpack? it s under the table. 問顏色 what color are they? they are light blue.what s your favourite color? it s black. 問人物who s that? it s my sister.who is the boy in blue? my brother.who isn t at school? peter and emma.who are lisa and tim talkin

18、g to? 問東西what s this/that （in english）? it s a pencil case.what else can you see in the picture? i can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11 問姓名what s your aunt s name? her name is helen./she s helen.what s your first name? my first name s ben.what s your family name? my family name s sm

19、ith.12 問哪一個 which do you like? i like one in the box.13 問字母 what letter is it? it s big d/small f.14 問價格 how much are these pants? they re 15 dollars.15 問電話號碼what s your phone number? it-834s95. 7616 問謂語（動作 ） what s he doing? he s watching tv.m a teacher.17 問職業(yè)（身份 ） what do you do? iwhat s your fath

20、er? hes a doctor. 時態(tài)1、一般現(xiàn)在時表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長期性的動作時使用一般現(xiàn)在時，它有：be 動詞： she s a worker. is she a worker? she isn t a worker.情態(tài)動詞： i can play the piano. can you play the piano? i can t play the piano.行為動詞： they want to eat some tomatoes. do they want to eat any tomatoes? they don t want to eat any tomatoes.gin

21、a hasa nice watch. does gina have a nice watch? gina doesn t have a watch.2、現(xiàn)在進行時表示動詞在此時正在發(fā)生或進行就使用進行時態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為 sb bev-ing sth + 其它 .i m playing baseball. are you playing baseball? i m not playing baseball.nancy is writing a letter. is nancy writing a letter? nancy isn t writing a letter.they re listening to the pop music. are they listening the pop music? they aren listening to the pop mu