核桃種植示范基地建設(shè)項(xiàng)目建議書(shū)

1、serve her this time with great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. as soon as she saw it, the woman said s many ties.and a woman cant have too many hats, she answered.ten minutes later we walked out of the shop together. my wife was wearing a hat that looked like a lighthou

2、se !lesson42 not very musical 并非很懂音樂(lè)as we had had a long walk through one of the markets of old delhi, we stopped at a square to have a rest. after a time, we noticed a snake-charmer with two large baskets at the other side of the square, so we went to have a look at him. as soon as he saw us, he pi

3、cked up a long pipe which was covered with coins and opened one of the baskets. when he began to play a tune, we had our first glimpse of the snake. it rose out of the basket and began to follow the movements of the pipe. we were very much surprised when the snake charmer suddenly began to play jazz

4、 tunes and modern pop songs. the snake, however, continued to dance slowly. it obviously could not tell the difference between indian music and jazz!lesson43 over the south pole 飛越南極in 1929, three years after his flight over the north pole, the american explorer, r. e. byrd, successfully flew over t

5、he south pole for the first time. though, at first, byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below, they soon ran into serious trouble. at one point, it seemed certain that their plane would crash. it could only get over the mountains if it rose to 10,000

6、 feet. byrd at once ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks. the plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet. byrd now knew that he would be able to reach the south pole which was 300 miles away, for there were no more mountains in sight. the aircraft was able to f

7、ly over the endless white plains without difficulty. lesson44 through the forest 穿過(guò)森林mrs anne sterling did not think of the risk she was taking when she ran through a forest after two men. they had rushed up to her while she was having a picnic at the edge of a forest with her children and tried to

8、steal her handbag. in the struggle, the strap broke and, with the bag in their possession, both men started running through the trees. mrs sterling got so angry that she ran after them. she was soon out of breath, but she continued to run. when she caught up with them, she saw that they had sat down

9、 and were going through the contents of the bag, so she ran straight at them. the men got such a fright that they dropped the bag and ran away. the strap needs mending, said mrs sterling later, but they did not steal anything.lesson45 a clear conscience 問(wèn)心無(wú)愧the whole village soon learnt that a large

10、 sum of money had been lost. sam benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post-office. sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers, but it was not returned to him. three months passed, and then one morning, sam found his wallet outs

11、ide his front door. it had been wrapped up in newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost, together with a note which said: a thief, yes, but only 5o per cent a thief! two months later, some more money was sent to sam with another note: only 25 per cent a thief now! in time, all sams money

12、 was paid back in this way. the last note said: i am 100 per cent honest now!lesson46 expensive and uncomfortable 既昂貴又受罪when a plane from london arrived at sydney airport, workers began to unload a number of wooden boxes which contained clothing. no one could account for the fact that one of the box

13、es was extremely heavy. it suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box. he was astonished at what he found. a man was lying in the box on top of a pile of woollen goods. he was so surprised at being discovered that he did not even try to run away. after he was arrested, the man admitt

14、ed hiding in the box before the plane left london. he had had a long and uncomfortable trip, for he had been confined to the wooden box for over ten hours. the man was ordered to pay &345 for the cost of the trip. the normal price of a ticket is &230 !lesson47 a thirsty ghost 嗜酒的鬼魂a public house whi

15、ch was recently bought by mr ian thompson is up for sale. mr thompson is going to sell it because it is haunted. he told me that he could not go to sleep one night because he heard a strange noise coming from the bar. the next morning, he found that the doors had been blocked by chairs and the furni

16、ture had been moved. though mr thompson had turned the lights off before he went to bed, they were on in the morning. he also said that he had found five empty whisky bottles which the ghost must have drunk the night before. when i suggested that some villagers must have come in for a free drink, mr

17、 thompson shook his head. the villagers have told him that they will not accept the inn even if he gives it away. lesson48 did you want to tell me something? 你想對(duì)我說(shuō)什么嗎？dentists always ask questions when it is impossible for you to answer. my dentist had just pulled out one of my teeth and had told me

18、 to rest for a while. i tried to say something, but my mouth was full of cotton-wool. he knew i collected birds eggs and asked me whether my collection was growing. he then asked me how my brother was and whether i liked my new job in london. in answer to these questions i either nodded or made stra

19、nge noises. meanwhile, my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been. i suddenly felt very worried, but could not say anything. when the dentist at last removed the cotton-wool from my mouth, i was able to tell him that he had pulled out the wrong tooth. lesson49 the end of a dr

20、eam 美夢(mèng)告終tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed. for the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress. because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house. he slept very we

21、ll for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up. a gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below. the young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground. although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt. w

22、hen he woke up, he was still on the mattress. glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house. after he had put it on the floor, he promptly went to sleep again.lesson50 taken for a ride 乘車兜風(fēng)i love travelling in the count

23、ry, but i dont like losing my way. i went on an excursion recently, but my trip took me longer than i expected. im going to woodford green, i said to the conductor as i got on the bus, but i dont know where it is. ill tell you where to get off, answered the conductor. i sat in the front of the bus t

24、o get a good view of the countryside. after some time, the bus stopped. looking round, i realized with a shock that i was the only passenger left on the bus. youll have to get off here, the conductor said. this is as far as we go. is this woodford green ? i asked. oh dear, said the conductor suddenl

25、y. i forgot to put you off. it doesnt matter, i said. ill get off here. we are going back now, said the conductor. well, in that case, i prefer to stay on the bus, i answered.lesson51 reward for virtue 對(duì)美德的獎(jiǎng)賞my friend, herbert, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to g

26、o on a diet. he began his diet a week ago. first of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. the list included most of the things herbert loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate, and sweets. yesterday i paid him a visit. i rang the bell and was not surprised

27、to see that herbert was still as fat as ever. he led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. it was obvious that he was very embarrassed. when i asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk. he explained that his diet was so strict tha

28、t he had to reward himself occasionally. then he showed me the contents of the parcel. it contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets! lesson52 a pretty carpet 漂亮的地毯we have just moved into a new house and i have been working hard all morning. i have been trying to get my new room

29、 in order. this has not been easy because i own over a thousand books. to make matters worse, the room is rather small, so i have temporarily put my books on the floor. at the moment, they cover every inch of floor space and i actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room. a short while

30、 ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs. she went into my room and got a big surprise when she saw all those books on the floor. this is the prettiest carpet i have ever seen, she said. she gazed at it for some time then added, you dont need bookcases at all. you can

31、 sit here in your spare time and read the carpet! lesson53 hot snake 觸電的蛇at last firemen have put out a big forest fire in california. since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began. forest fire are often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw awa

32、y. yesterday the firemen examined the ground carefully, but were not able to find any broken glass. they were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire. this morning, however, a fireman accidentally discovered the cause. he noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the e

33、lectric wires of a 16,000-volt power line. in this way, he was able to solve the mystery. the explanation was simple but very unusual. a bird had snatched up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires. the snake then wound itself round the wires. when it did so, it sent sparks dow

34、n to the ground and these immediately started a fire.lesson54 sticky fingers 粘糊的手指after breakfast, i sent the children to school and then i went to market. it was still early when i returned home. the children were at school, my husband was at江油市大堰鄉(xiāng)核桃種植示范基地建設(shè)項(xiàng)目建議書(shū)江油市大堰鄉(xiāng)人民政府二o一o年七月十八日江油市大堰鄉(xiāng)核桃種植示范基地建設(shè)

35、項(xiàng)目建議書(shū)1、項(xiàng)目背景1.1 產(chǎn)業(yè)的生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀核桃是我國(guó)具有幾千年栽培歷史的傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)作物，近幾年來(lái)在種植、生產(chǎn)、加工、出口等方面，具有穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)。核桃乳飲料的開(kāi)發(fā)與生產(chǎn)，為飲料市場(chǎng)增加了新的產(chǎn)品，解決核桃深加工的問(wèn)題，市場(chǎng)前景好，所以建立該項(xiàng)目很有必要性。隨著人民生活水平的提高，消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)也發(fā)生了變化，對(duì)飲料的需求由低檔向中、高檔、營(yíng)養(yǎng)型發(fā)展，人們對(duì)追求回歸自然的向往，特別是對(duì)含有氨基酸、蛋白質(zhì)、維生素、微量元素等多種人體營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的天然綠色食品的需求量越來(lái)越大。因此，核桃乳飲料系列的開(kāi)發(fā)與生產(chǎn)，既符合我國(guó)廣大人民的飲食口味習(xí)慣，也滿足了人民大眾對(duì)于食品的營(yíng)養(yǎng)、保健功能的需要，將會(huì)受到越來(lái)越多的消

36、費(fèi)者的喜愛(ài)，國(guó)內(nèi)外市場(chǎng)前景廣闊。1.2 項(xiàng)目建設(shè)的必要性核桃栽培在我區(qū)具有悠久的歷史，現(xiàn)有資源較為豐富，我區(qū)核桃生產(chǎn)發(fā)展過(guò)程中，在面積、規(guī)模上得到了長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展，但重發(fā)展，輕管理的現(xiàn)象較普遍，科技與生產(chǎn)資料投入滯后，生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)粗放，科技含量低，導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)量低而不穩(wěn)，大小年嚴(yán)重，形成質(zhì)量差，病蟲(chóng)害嚴(yán)重、座果率低，效益低的局面，未能充分發(fā)揮核桃產(chǎn)業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益。很多農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)積極性降低，對(duì)現(xiàn)有資源放任自流，甚至出現(xiàn)毀林現(xiàn)象。為改變現(xiàn)狀，充分發(fā)揮核桃這一生態(tài)、經(jīng)濟(jì)兼用樹(shù)種的優(yōu)勢(shì)，從栽植規(guī)模，生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)量上有大的飛躍，其生產(chǎn)發(fā)展要逐步由粗放、半放任狀態(tài)向集約經(jīng)營(yíng)、基地化、規(guī)?；较蜻~進(jìn)，有利于調(diào)整農(nóng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)

37、結(jié)構(gòu)，增加農(nóng)民收入，因此提出實(shí)施該項(xiàng)目，該項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施具有極大的必要性和重要性，希望能通過(guò)示范基地建設(shè)，進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)和促進(jìn)我區(qū)核桃產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。1.3 項(xiàng)目區(qū)概要1.3.1 項(xiàng)目區(qū)分布狀況項(xiàng)目實(shí)施區(qū)位于江油市大堰鄉(xiāng)復(fù)興村。1.3.2 地形地貌江油市位于四川盆地西北部，涪江上游，龍門山脈東南。距離綿陽(yáng)市30公里，成都160公里。我鄉(xiāng)位于江油市東南郊區(qū)，距江油城區(qū)僅10公里，與我市三合鎮(zhèn)、彰明鎮(zhèn)、東興鄉(xiāng)、貫山鄉(xiāng)和綿陽(yáng)市游仙區(qū)云鳳鄉(xiāng)、忠興鎮(zhèn)、鳳凰鄉(xiāng)相鄰。地貌以中低山為主，海拔一般在6001500米。1.3.3 河流水系項(xiàng)目區(qū)以武引溝渠為主線，沿兩側(cè)延伸。1.3.4 氣候項(xiàng)目區(qū)屬處于屬亞熱帶濕潤(rùn)季風(fēng)氣候區(qū)，年

38、均日照總數(shù)1367小時(shí)，年均降雨量1100毫米，年無(wú)霜期280天，年均氣溫16.2。項(xiàng)目區(qū)氣候溫和，冬暖春早，夏長(zhǎng)秋短，無(wú)霜期長(zhǎng)。1.3.5 交通由于我鄉(xiāng)地處江油近郊區(qū)，并處于綿廣高速公路要道，交通、通訊等基礎(chǔ)條件較好，全鎮(zhèn)各村基本實(shí)現(xiàn)了電通、訊通、路通，良好的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)及基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)為大規(guī)模發(fā)展核桃產(chǎn)業(yè)提供了有利條件。1.3.9 土地利用現(xiàn)狀全鄉(xiāng)幅員面積48.6平方公里，轄14個(gè)行政村、1個(gè)社區(qū)、90個(gè)村民小組，總耕地面積21418畝，其中水田面積17389，占總耕地面積81.2%，旱地4049畝，其中糧油播種面積35070畝，占農(nóng)作物總播種面積83.12%。2、項(xiàng)目目標(biāo)及內(nèi)容2.1 項(xiàng)目概要

39、2.1.1 項(xiàng)目實(shí)施單位江油市大堰鄉(xiāng)人民政府2.1.2 項(xiàng)目技術(shù)支撐單位江油市林業(yè)局2.1.3 項(xiàng)目建設(shè)規(guī)模項(xiàng)目區(qū)內(nèi)新造1000畝核桃示范林，培養(yǎng)一支技術(shù)管理隊(duì)伍。2.1.4 項(xiàng)目投資概算本項(xiàng)目總投資300萬(wàn)元。2.2 建設(shè)目標(biāo)2.2.1 新建在項(xiàng)目區(qū)內(nèi)營(yíng)造1000畝核桃示范林，當(dāng)年造林成活率達(dá)95%以上，三年后保存率為100%；2.2.2 技術(shù)培訓(xùn)通過(guò)建立示范基地，成立核桃協(xié)會(huì)，開(kāi)展技術(shù)培訓(xùn)和科技推廣，培養(yǎng)一支技術(shù)管理隊(duì)伍，進(jìn)一步帶動(dòng)和促進(jìn)整個(gè)項(xiàng)目區(qū)及其周邊地區(qū)核桃產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，提高項(xiàng)目區(qū)林農(nóng)的科技意識(shí)及生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)水平。2.2.3 水土保持示范林建設(shè)采取改土整地、林糧結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、薄坡瘦地種草等水保

40、措施，達(dá)到有效地改善項(xiàng)目區(qū)內(nèi)水土流失現(xiàn)狀，改善區(qū)域的生態(tài)環(huán)境，提高荒山，坡地和差田的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。2.3 建設(shè)內(nèi)容2.3.1 規(guī)模及布局按照相對(duì)集中連片，便于示范推廣的原則，該項(xiàng)目分布于大堰鄉(xiāng)復(fù)興村，項(xiàng)目造林總規(guī)模為1000畝，營(yíng)造核桃示范林，對(duì)陡坡地進(jìn)行改土，林下栽植多年生牧草或矮桿農(nóng)作物。2.3.2 項(xiàng)目建設(shè)進(jìn)度安排2010年秋季完成營(yíng)造250畝采穗圃基地；2011年完成造林400畝，成立核桃協(xié)會(huì)；2012年完成造林350畝，對(duì)歷年造林成效進(jìn)行檢查整改，開(kāi)展技術(shù)培訓(xùn)，進(jìn)行示范推廣，全面完成示范基地建設(shè)，充分發(fā)揮基地示范效應(yīng)。2.4 普及推廣規(guī)劃2.4.1 培訓(xùn)對(duì)項(xiàng)目參與工作人員開(kāi)展培訓(xùn)，組織考

41、察學(xué)習(xí)，培訓(xùn)對(duì)象以專業(yè)技術(shù)人員和林農(nóng)為主，培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容為核桃造林技術(shù)及管理方法。2.4.2 宣傳推廣將示范林的技術(shù)及管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)印成小冊(cè)子和宣傳資料，對(duì)農(nóng)民及周邊輻射區(qū)發(fā)送，進(jìn)行宣傳推廣。2.4.3 總結(jié)研討在20112012年，組織項(xiàng)目參與人、相關(guān)專家，對(duì)項(xiàng)目實(shí)施成效和經(jīng)驗(yàn)開(kāi)展總結(jié)研討。2012年底組織項(xiàng)目竣工驗(yàn)收。3、項(xiàng)目建設(shè)方案3.1 樹(shù)種選擇根據(jù)項(xiàng)目區(qū)立地條件及氣候特征，確定項(xiàng)目造林樹(shù)種，全部選用核桃嫁接苗，以本地品質(zhì)優(yōu)良的品種為主，也可引進(jìn)經(jīng)過(guò)引種實(shí)驗(yàn)表現(xiàn)性狀優(yōu)良的品種。我們主要選用以下的早實(shí)品種：香玲：堅(jiān)果卵圓形，基部平，堅(jiān)果重12.6g，殼面刻溝淺，光滑美妯，淺黃色。殼厚0.9mm左右，

42、易取整仁。核仁充實(shí)、飽滿、色淺，味香而不澀，品質(zhì)上等，出仁率65.4%。早實(shí)豐產(chǎn)性能好，大小年明顯。嫁接苗定植第二年開(kāi)始結(jié)果，側(cè)花芽比率81.7%，坐果率60%左右，雙果較多，雄先型。適應(yīng)性較強(qiáng)，成果期產(chǎn)量較高。魯核1號(hào)：山東省果樹(shù)研究所實(shí)生選種育成，早實(shí)品種，果材兼用型。堅(jiān)果圓錐形，淺黃色，果頂尖，果基平圓，殼面光滑，縫合線稍凸，結(jié)合緊密不易開(kāi)裂，殼有一定的強(qiáng)度，耐清洗、漂白及運(yùn)輸。單果重1.2g；殼厚1.2mm，可取整仁，出仁率55.0%，脂肪含量67.3%，蛋白質(zhì)含量17.5%，內(nèi)種皮淺黃色，無(wú)澀味，核仁飽滿，有香味。樹(shù)姿直立，生長(zhǎng)快，幼齡樹(shù)3年生干徑平均生長(zhǎng)2.3cm，樹(shù)高年平均生長(zhǎng)2

43、.5m；母樹(shù)新梢長(zhǎng)23.3cm，粗0.79cm，胸徑生長(zhǎng)量1.35cm；以生長(zhǎng)果枝結(jié)果為主，豐產(chǎn)潛力大，穩(wěn)產(chǎn)性強(qiáng)。雄先型，8月下旬果實(shí)成熟，11月上旬落葉。豐輝： 山東果樹(shù)所雜交育種，棱形樹(shù)勢(shì)較旺，直立，樹(shù)冠圓柱形，9年生樹(shù)高4.7m，冠幅3m。分枝力強(qiáng)，為1：5，雄先型，中熟品種，側(cè)花芽比例80%，區(qū)試園最高株產(chǎn)4.65kg，平均每平方米冠幅投影面積產(chǎn)核仁264g。堅(jiān)果中等偏小，在肥水充足時(shí)可達(dá)13.5g。平均出仁率54%，殼薄可取全仁。殼面較光滑，堅(jiān)果長(zhǎng)橢圓形。核仁充實(shí)飽滿，品質(zhì)極佳。抗病性強(qiáng)。遼核1號(hào)：遼寧經(jīng)濟(jì)林所雜交育種，樹(shù)勢(shì)較旺，較直立，樹(shù)冠圓柱形。分枝力1：3.8，雄先型，晚熟品種

44、，側(cè)花芽比例79%，每果枝平均座果數(shù)1.67，平均單個(gè)仁重5.93g。區(qū)試園最高株產(chǎn)4.4kg，平均每平方米冠幅投影面積產(chǎn)核仁188g。堅(jiān)果中等大小，殼面光滑，出仁率53.85%，核仁色淺?？共⌒詮?qiáng)。3.2 主要造林技術(shù)要點(diǎn)3.2.1 種苗準(zhǔn)備苗木是完成果園建設(shè)一項(xiàng)重要的工作，它不僅需要掌握所需苗木的來(lái)源、數(shù)量，更重要的是應(yīng)保證苗木質(zhì)量，將直接關(guān)系到項(xiàng)目成敗與經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。苗木質(zhì)量除要求品種優(yōu)良純正外，還要求苗木生根發(fā)達(dá)，側(cè)根完整，無(wú)病蟲(chóng)害，分枝力強(qiáng)，容易形成花芽，抗逆性強(qiáng)，符合國(guó)家苗木質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)級(jí)以上的種苗，苗木培育應(yīng)遵循就近的原則。3.2.2 整地高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)整地是核桃今后高產(chǎn)、穩(wěn)產(chǎn)、優(yōu)質(zhì)的保障，核桃

45、園地應(yīng)選擇向陽(yáng)、背風(fēng)、土層深厚又疏松肥沃，濕潤(rùn)又排水良好的沙質(zhì)土或壤土為主，在定植前一個(gè)月沿等高線大穴整地，株行距為54m，植穴規(guī)格為808060cm,每坑用5025kg有機(jī)肥和25kg人糞尿與本土拌勻后，再覆蓋表土層，留待一個(gè)月后定植。3.2.3 定植定植在春季或秋季進(jìn)行，核桃苗根系發(fā)達(dá)，在運(yùn)輸和定植過(guò)程中應(yīng)注意保護(hù)根系，定植時(shí)先將種苗定植在表土層內(nèi)，然后再將苗向上輕提，使其根系舒展，忌根系直接接觸底肥，再分層覆土，踩緊踩實(shí)，定植后澆足定根水，對(duì)干旱地區(qū)應(yīng)覆膜保墑。核桃樹(shù)體較大，定植密度較低，為防止水土流失，前期可在地下種植多年生牧草，如紫花苜蓿，黑麥草、矮桿農(nóng)作物等，以草養(yǎng)地，以肥促產(chǎn)。3

46、.2.4 撫育管理 土壤管理核桃的土壤管理，前期以促進(jìn)幼樹(shù)生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育為主，應(yīng)及時(shí)松土，清除樹(shù)體周圍的雜草，松土可在每年夏、秋兩季各進(jìn)行一次，其深度為1015cm,夏季可淺些，秋季則深些，注意不宜傷根。 施肥合理施肥是保證核桃樹(shù)體生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育正常和達(dá)到高產(chǎn)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)的重要措施，核桃樹(shù)生長(zhǎng)較快，每年要從土壤中吸收大量的養(yǎng)分，尤其是進(jìn)入產(chǎn)果期后，如果土壤供肥不足，會(huì)影響樹(shù)體生長(zhǎng)，產(chǎn)量下降，幼樹(shù)在結(jié)果前，年施肥量（有效成分）為氮（n）肥50g,磷（p）鉀（k）肥各10g,進(jìn)入結(jié)果期后，應(yīng)視其產(chǎn)量和樹(shù)勢(shì)，適當(dāng)增加施肥量，應(yīng)適當(dāng)增加磷肥和鉀肥的用量。整地時(shí)放入基肥，以農(nóng)家肥為主，追肥每年進(jìn)

47、行2次，第一次是在核桃開(kāi)花前或展葉初期進(jìn)行，以氮肥為主，應(yīng)占全年追肥量的50%，第二次追肥在幼果發(fā)育期（67月份）進(jìn)行，施肥方法以環(huán)狀施肥為主，沿滴水線下施肥。 水在定植時(shí)就灌足定根水，后期灌水應(yīng)根據(jù)氣候、土壤及水源條件而定，項(xiàng)目區(qū)降雨較為充沛，但年降雨量分布不均，多春旱，所以在春秋時(shí)節(jié)應(yīng)結(jié)合施肥灌水。 整形修剪整形修剪應(yīng)把握“因樹(shù)修剪，隨枝作形，有形不死、無(wú)形不亂”的原則。在1.21.5米處定干，可采用疏散分層形和自然開(kāi)心形，幼樹(shù)應(yīng)輕剪，以培養(yǎng)樹(shù)形為主，結(jié)果期應(yīng)控制營(yíng)養(yǎng)枝和結(jié)果枝的比例，保證豐產(chǎn)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)，防止大小年。 管護(hù)核桃園區(qū)應(yīng)加強(qiáng)管護(hù)，防止人畜破壞

48、，隨時(shí)觀察，及時(shí)防病治蟲(chóng)，主要蟲(chóng)害有核桃舉肢蛾、核桃長(zhǎng)足象、核桃扁葉甲，云斑天牛等，病害主要有核桃黑斑病、根腐病、炭疽病、枝枯病等，應(yīng)進(jìn)行綜合防治。4、組織管理和保障措施4.1 質(zhì)量管理為保證項(xiàng)目實(shí)施的質(zhì)量，必須加強(qiáng)質(zhì)量技術(shù)監(jiān)督，從規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)、整地、種苗到栽植等一系列活動(dòng)，每個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)都要有專人負(fù)責(zé)，必須建立嚴(yán)格的監(jiān)督機(jī)制。4.2 建立有效的運(yùn)行機(jī)制本項(xiàng)目的推廣示范工作，涉及面廣，必須建立有效的運(yùn)營(yíng)機(jī)制，才能保證項(xiàng)目的順利實(shí)施。項(xiàng)目實(shí)施區(qū)的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、村組都要有嚴(yán)格的責(zé)權(quán)范圍，建立目標(biāo)責(zé)任制，必須層層落實(shí)責(zé)任，形成層層負(fù)責(zé)、人人有責(zé)的管理機(jī)制。4.3 加強(qiáng)技術(shù)培訓(xùn)本項(xiàng)目旨在建立產(chǎn)業(yè)示范基地，進(jìn)行科技示范推

49、廣，通過(guò)項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施，要充分體現(xiàn)科技的顯現(xiàn)度，應(yīng)舉辦各類培訓(xùn)班，加強(qiáng)推廣應(yīng)用技術(shù)培訓(xùn)，把科技應(yīng)用到生產(chǎn)中去，讓參與項(xiàng)目的各類人員，熟練掌握技術(shù)成果的要點(diǎn)和施工程序，保障項(xiàng)目的順利實(shí)施。4.4 資料管理項(xiàng)目實(shí)施涉及的各項(xiàng)技術(shù)資料，要分門別類建檔，形成完善的技術(shù)檔案，以備分析、檢查、驗(yàn)收。4.5 資金管理項(xiàng)目實(shí)施，經(jīng)費(fèi)必須保障，可結(jié)合我區(qū)正在實(shí)施的其他工程項(xiàng)目，統(tǒng)籌安排，上級(jí)補(bǔ)助點(diǎn)，自己籌一點(diǎn)，多渠道籌集資金，保障項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施，對(duì)于項(xiàng)目經(jīng)費(fèi)，要按照專項(xiàng)資金的管理要求，必須實(shí)行?？顚Ｓ茫瑔为?dú)核算，嚴(yán)格按照項(xiàng)目工程經(jīng)費(fèi)管理辦法開(kāi)支，嚴(yán)格審計(jì)制度。4.6 組織檢查，確保質(zhì)量為保證本項(xiàng)目的順利實(shí)施，圓滿完成項(xiàng)

50、目建設(shè)任務(wù)，必須組織有關(guān)林業(yè)專家和經(jīng)濟(jì)、生態(tài)工程建設(shè)方面的專家對(duì)項(xiàng)目實(shí)施情況進(jìn)行檢查、研討，總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，及時(shí)解決問(wèn)題，確保項(xiàng)目建設(shè)質(zhì)量。5、效益分析通過(guò)核桃生產(chǎn)基地建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施，增加有林地面積1850畝，將發(fā)揮森林的蓄水、保土、保肥、凈化空氣、調(diào)節(jié)氣候等多種功效，尤其是采取了水保措施，對(duì)于攔截地表徑流，減少水土流失，改善區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境發(fā)揮積極的任用。營(yíng)建1000畝核桃林，形成示范基地，將產(chǎn)生較大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益，帶動(dòng)我鄉(xiāng)的干果業(yè)生產(chǎn)，促進(jìn)干果加工業(yè)的發(fā)展，對(duì)解決勞動(dòng)就業(yè)具有不可忽視的作用，核桃投產(chǎn)后，平均按每株年產(chǎn)核桃10kg計(jì)算，平均每畝按33株計(jì)算，年產(chǎn)量可達(dá)305.25噸，市場(chǎng)單價(jià)

51、按2萬(wàn)元/噸計(jì)算，年產(chǎn)值在610.5萬(wàn)元以上，這對(duì)于增加農(nóng)民收入、開(kāi)拓稅源都是極為可觀的。綜上所述，從其今后的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，社會(huì)效益和生態(tài)效益分析來(lái)看，該項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施是切實(shí)可行的。- 11 -serve her this time with great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. as soon as she saw it, the woman said s many ties.and a woman cant have too many hats, she answered.ten minutes la

52、ter we walked out of the shop together. my wife was wearing a hat that looked like a lighthouse !lesson42 not very musical 并非很懂音樂(lè)as we had had a long walk through one of the markets of old delhi, we stopped at a square to have a rest. after a time, we noticed a snake-charmer with two large baskets a

53、t the other side of the square, so we went to have a look at him. as soon as he saw us, he picked up a long pipe which was covered with coins and opened one of the baskets. when he began to play a tune, we had our first glimpse of the snake. it rose out of the basket and began to follow the movement

54、s of the pipe. we were very much surprised when the snake charmer suddenly began to play jazz tunes and modern pop songs. the snake, however, continued to dance slowly. it obviously could not tell the difference between indian music and jazz!lesson43 over the south pole 飛越南極in 1929, three years afte

55、r his flight over the north pole, the american explorer, r. e. byrd, successfully flew over the south pole for the first time. though, at first, byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below, they soon ran into serious trouble. at one point, it seemed ce

56、rtain that their plane would crash. it could only get over the mountains if it rose to 10,000 feet. byrd at once ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks. the plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet. byrd now knew that he would be able to reach the south pole wh

57、ich was 300 miles away, for there were no more mountains in sight. the aircraft was able to fly over the endless white plains without difficulty. lesson44 through the forest 穿過(guò)森林mrs anne sterling did not think of the risk she was taking when she ran through a forest after two men. they had rushed up

58、 to her while she was having a picnic at the edge of a forest with her children and tried to steal her handbag. in the struggle, the strap broke and, with the bag in their possession, both men started running through the trees. mrs sterling got so angry that she ran after them. she was soon out of breath, but she continued to run. when she caught up with them, she saw that they had sat down and were going through the contents of the bag, so she ran straight at them. the men got such a fright that they dropped the bag and ran away