沖孔樁技術(shù)交底【最新施工方案】

1、沖孔樁技術(shù)交底一、 施工準(zhǔn)備1、 平整場地，清除樹根等雜物，具備沖孔條件。2、 施工用水、電、泥漿池位置、棄碴場、機械調(diào)試等統(tǒng)一布置并考慮周到。3、 鋼筋加工場地合理布置，做好場地硬化，采用場磚渣進(jìn)行鋪平、壓實，再用低標(biāo)號混凝土硬化，厚度約60mm，嚴(yán)禁鋼筋與地面接確，鋼筋堆放整齊。4、 導(dǎo)管要做水密承試驗，經(jīng)現(xiàn)場技術(shù)人員和監(jiān)理檢驗達(dá)到8個氣帕，不漏水為合格。5、 測量放線，由項目部進(jìn)行樁位（包括每樁的高程控制樁）放樣，經(jīng)核對后以書面形式交接給施工隊組，由各樁基隊自行保護，護樁時采用“+”定位，確保樁位準(zhǔn)確無誤。6、 孔口護筒采用4mm8mm號鋼板制作，內(nèi)徑比樁徑大20cm，護筒長度根據(jù)設(shè)計要

2、求和實際的地質(zhì)條件確定，一般按2.0m埋設(shè)?？卓谧o筒采用人工開挖埋設(shè)，護筒底部與土層相接處用粘土夯實，護筒外面與原土間用粘土填滿、夯實，嚴(yán)防地表水順該處滲入，頂部高出施工地面30cm40cm，鋼護筒筒底的高程符合設(shè)計要求，護筒埋設(shè)準(zhǔn)確豎直，護筒孔口平面位置與設(shè)計偏差按小于5cm控制，護筒豎向的傾斜不大于1%。二、 泥漿的制備 泥漿制備選用優(yōu)質(zhì)粘土造漿，由現(xiàn)場開挖，并投入一定量的na2co3，以降低地下水酸性腐蝕的影響，泥漿比重控制1.11.5范圍。試驗?zāi)酀{的全部性能指標(biāo)，并在鉆進(jìn)中定期檢驗?zāi)酀{比重、粘度、含砂率、膠體率等，填寫泥漿試驗記錄表，泥漿循環(huán)使用，廢棄泥漿沉淀后由項目部安排車輛運輸。鉆

3、孔用泥漿技術(shù)指標(biāo)見下表。泥漿技術(shù)指標(biāo)表序號項目技術(shù)指標(biāo)1比重1.11.52粘度一般地層：1622s；松散易坍地層：1928s3含砂量新制泥漿不大于4%4膠體率不小于96%5ph值810三、 成孔（1） 鉆孔樁機開始鉆孔前要檢查其操作性能，每工作班至少測孔深三次，嵌巖樁進(jìn)入基巖要及時取樣，并通知值班施工員確認(rèn)，讓施工員通知監(jiān)理、業(yè)主，每次取出的巖樣要詳細(xì)做好記錄，并曬干保留作為驗收依據(jù)。碰到溶洞及地質(zhì)遇巖偏樁時，要馬上通知值班施工員，并配合施工員處理異常情況。交接班應(yīng)詳細(xì)交接沖孔情況及注意問題，發(fā)現(xiàn)異常情況馬上糾正，并隨即切除電源。開孔時，應(yīng)低錘密擊，如表上為淤泥、細(xì)砂等軟弱土層，可加粘土塊夾片

4、石反復(fù)沖擊造壁，孔內(nèi)樁漿面應(yīng)保持穩(wěn)定。在各種不同土層、巖層中沖進(jìn)時，可以照下表進(jìn)行沖擊成孔操作要點項 目操作要點備 注在護筒刃腳以下2m以內(nèi)小沖程1m左右，泥漿比重1.21.5，軟弱層投入粘土塊夾小片石土層不好時提高泥漿比重粘土層中、小沖程12m，泵入清水或稀泥漿，經(jīng)常清除鉆頭上的泥塊防粘鉆可投入碎磚石粗砂或中粗砂層中沖程23m，泥漿比重1.21.5，投入粘土塊，勤加勤掏碴砂卵石層中高沖程24m，泥漿比重1.3左右軟弱土層或塌孔回填重鉆小沖程反復(fù)沖擊，加粘土塊夾小片石，泥漿比重1.31.5進(jìn)入基巖后，應(yīng)低錘沖擊或間斷沖擊，如發(fā)現(xiàn)偏孔應(yīng)回填片石至偏孔上方300500處，然后重新沖孔。鉆孔過程中樁

5、機上沒有記錄本，由操作人員做好各項原始記錄，一般每2小時記錄一次，遇特殊情況每半小時記錄一次，終孔后將原始記錄交給資料員保留作為竣工資料。（2） 施工注意事項在沖孔過程中，要隨時補充泥漿，調(diào)整泥漿比重，泥漿采用專門鐵箱裝住，以免泥漿污柒到附近水域。鉆孔到達(dá)設(shè)計要求的標(biāo)高后，進(jìn)行樁底取樣，通過業(yè)主、監(jiān)理工程師共同驗收。確定終孔后，進(jìn)行孔徑、標(biāo)高、樁位偏差值復(fù)測，符合設(shè)計要求后立即進(jìn)行清孔。四、 鋼筋的制作、運輸及吊裝安放（1） 鋼筋籠的綁扎鋼筋籠嚴(yán)格按設(shè)計和規(guī)范要求制作。鋼筋骨架的保護層，通過在螺旋筋上穿入中心開孔，厚5cm的圓形c35水泥砂漿塊來保證保護層的厚度，砂漿塊按豎向每隔2m設(shè)一道，每

6、一道沿圓周穿入6個布置，最后視需要安裝和固定。鋼筋籠主筋采用雙面焊接，鋼筋籠外側(cè)每隔2m沿四周均勻焊接4根20折形定位鋼筋。鋼筋籠骨架焊接前先根據(jù)設(shè)計圖紙放樣下料，做好焊接平臺，在平臺上固定加強鋼筋，并根據(jù)設(shè)計的主筋布置在加強鋼筋四周劃出標(biāo)記，焊接主筋，然后焊接螺旋鋼筋，鋼筋骨架一般分兩段進(jìn)行加工，并在鋼筋籠上做好吊點和孔口固定處的加強處理。（2） 鋼筋籠吊裝在確認(rèn)清孔完成并符合設(shè)計要求后，將焊接好的鋼筋籠骨用汽車吊（由于本項目大部分鋼籠較短，可采用人工放籠）吊入樁孔，吊入用鋼管套住鋼筋籠上部鋼筋后下放至設(shè)計深度，并在孔口牢固定位，以免在灌注混凝土過程中發(fā)生浮籠現(xiàn)象。五、 清孔及導(dǎo)管安裝1、

7、第一次清孔清孔的目的是使孔底沉碴（虛土）、泥漿濃度、泥漿中含鉆碴量和孔壁厚度符合質(zhì)量要求和設(shè)計要求，為灌注混凝土創(chuàng)造良好的條件。沖孔至設(shè)計高程，經(jīng)過檢查，孔深、孔徑符合要求后，將鉆渣抽凈。清孔采用正循環(huán)的方式。清孔應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：孔底500mm以內(nèi)的泥漿相對密度小于1.25，含砂率8%，粘度28%，灌注混凝土前，孔底沉碴厚度50mm。2、 安裝導(dǎo)管導(dǎo)管用219mm的導(dǎo)管，壁厚3mm，每節(jié)長2.05.0m，配12節(jié)長1.01.5m短管，由管端粗絲扣、法蘭螺連接，接頭處用橡膠圈密封防水，并對導(dǎo)管作水壓和接頭抗拉試驗保證不漏水。混凝土澆筑架用型鋼制作，用于支撐懸吊導(dǎo)管，吊掛鋼筋籠，上部放置混凝土漏斗

8、。3、 第三次清孔在第一次清孔達(dá)到要求后，由于安放鋼筋籠及導(dǎo)管，至澆筑混凝土的時間間隙較長，孔底又會產(chǎn)生沉碴，所以待安放鋼筋籠及導(dǎo)管就緒后，再利用導(dǎo)管進(jìn)行第二次清孔。清孔的方法是在導(dǎo)管頂部安裝一個彎頭和皮籠，用泵將泥漿壓入導(dǎo)管內(nèi)，再從孔底沿著導(dǎo)管外置換沉碴。清孔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是孔深達(dá)到設(shè)計要求，孔底泥漿密度1.15，復(fù)測沉碴厚度在50mm以內(nèi)，此時清孔完成，立即澆筑混凝土。六、 灌注水下混凝土（1） 混凝土的制備我項目部采用商品砼，為保證樁混凝土灌注的連續(xù)性，提前做混凝土預(yù)訂，并估料準(zhǔn)確。商品混凝土泵車直接開至孔樁旁，并用挖掘機預(yù)先為其鋪設(shè)好道路，以保證泵車和漏斗間高度距離。（2） 水下混凝土灌注先灌入

9、樁尖首批混凝土，首批混凝土要經(jīng)過計算，使其有一定的沖擊能量，能把泥漿從導(dǎo)管中排出，并把導(dǎo)管下口埋入混凝土不小于1m深；樁尖最先灌注的0.51.0m3混凝土采稠度和強度與設(shè)計混凝土相同的灰漿。開導(dǎo)管用混凝土隔水栓，隔水栓預(yù)先用8號鐵絲懸吊在混凝土漏斗下口，當(dāng)混凝土裝滿后，剪斷鐵絲，混凝土即下沉至孔底，排開泥漿，埋住導(dǎo)管口。隨著澆筑連續(xù)進(jìn)行，隨撥管，中途停歇時間不超過15min。在整個澆筑過程中，導(dǎo)管在混凝土埋深以1.54m為宜，既不能小于1m也不能大于6m。由專人測量導(dǎo)管埋深及管內(nèi)外混凝土面的高差，及時填寫水下混凝土澆筑記錄。利用導(dǎo)管內(nèi)的混凝土的超壓力使混凝土的澆筑面逐漸上升，上升速度不低于2m

10、/h，直至高于設(shè)計標(biāo)高50cm，在澆筑過程中，當(dāng)導(dǎo)管內(nèi)混凝土含有空氣時，后續(xù)混凝土宜通過溜槽慢慢地注入漏斗和導(dǎo)管，不得將混凝土整斗從上面傾入導(dǎo)管內(nèi)，以免導(dǎo)管內(nèi)形成高壓氣囊，擠出管節(jié)間的橡膠墊而使導(dǎo)管漏水；同時，對澆筑過程中的一切故障均記錄備案。考慮樁頂混凝土將鑿除，灌注時水下混凝土的澆筑面按高出樁頂設(shè)計高程的5070cm控制，以保證樁頂混凝土的強度質(zhì)量，避免因此而造成樁頭強度不滿足要求的質(zhì)量問題。 鉆孔灌注樁實測項目檢 查 項 目規(guī)定值或允許偏差檢查方法和頻率混凝土強度(mpa）在合格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)內(nèi)按附錄d檢查樁位（mm）群樁100全站儀或經(jīng)緯儀：每樁檢查排架樁允許50極值100孔 深（m）不小于設(shè)計

11、值測繩量：每樁測量孔徑（mm）不小于設(shè)計值探孔器：每樁測量鉆孔傾斜度（mm）1%樁長，且不大于500用測壁（斜）儀或鉆桿垂線法：每樁測量沉淀厚度（mm）不大于設(shè)計規(guī)定沉淀盒或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測錘：每樁檢查鋼筋骨架底面高程 (mm)50水準(zhǔn)儀：測每樁骨架頂面高程后反算g an employment tribunal claimemployment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees.you may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont

12、 agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.for more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seedismissal.you can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedag

13、ainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. however, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of th

14、e date when the event you are complaining about happened. if your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept it.if you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations listed underfurther help.employment tribunals

15、are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation.most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. if you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help strai

16、ght away from one of the organisations listed underfurther help.if you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. this is known as adamages-based agreement. in england and wales, yo

17、ur solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.if you are thinking about signing up for a damages-based agreement, you should make sure youre clear about the terms of the agreement. it might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a cit

18、izens advice bureau. to find your nearest cab, including those that give advice by e-mail, click onnearest cab.for more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeemployment tribunals.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskf

19、orce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him

20、first to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said the

21、y were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska.age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. may be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; may be b

22、ack in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字開頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲?；蛟S是愧疚

23、于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個不同的日子過成了同一天的樣子；或許是追溯過去，對自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟，這些天以來，思緒一直很凌亂，在腦海中不斷糾纏?？傆X得自己自己似乎應(yīng)該去做點什么，或者寫點什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺，突然就感覺到有些事情，非做不可了。the end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而窮盡我們的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？during my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for new year, but

24、 as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so imp

25、ortant; then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketbal

26、l hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance.童年時，覺得壓歲錢和新衣服是過年必備，但是隨著年齡的推進(jìn)，會越來越發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些東西根本就可有可無；初中時，以為要有一場暗戀才意味著真正的成長，但三年過去后，自己心平氣和的寫同學(xué)錄的時候，突然就發(fā)現(xiàn)是不是真正的成長了，好像并沒有那么重要了；然后到了高中，覺得非要吐露出自己的心聲才能為高中生涯里的懵懂情愫劃上一個句點，但畢業(yè)晚會的時候最終還是被梗塞在了咽喉，后來再次站在他曾經(jīng)揮汗如雨的球場，看著他投過籃球的球框時，突然間發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)想不起他的容顏。orig

27、inally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原來，這個世界上，對某個事件能產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的，除了非做不可的堅決，還有，時間。a persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. also once seemed to be determined

28、to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一個人的時候，自己的

29、想法總是特別地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明確，好像沒有什么可以撼動自己。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決心去做某件事，但更多的時候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌惡過自己的怯懦，最終卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多緣分，有很多錯過，好像冥冥之中真的已經(jīng)注定。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可，只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強心劑，或者說，是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。at the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; those were broken into var

30、ious shapes of stationery; from the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; have declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是陰暗的，空氣里有著剛下過雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件藍(lán)格子襯衫；那些被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙；那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼；還有那場還沒有開始就宣告了

31、終結(jié)的邂逅計劃那些年那些天的非做不可，終于和青春一樣，都將在我們的人生中謝幕。baumgartner the disappointing news: mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule

32、 attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and

33、 into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.the supersonic descent could happen as early as sunda.the weathethe balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform.below, the earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. still, hell be traveling fa