英語語法-現(xiàn)在完成時講解

1、.第六講 現(xiàn)在完成時1. 概念：1）、表示動作或狀態(tài)在過去已經(jīng)開始, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 也許還要持續(xù)下去, 常和 for, since, 連用, 表示持續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)多為延續(xù)性動詞.eg: We have lived here since 2000. 自從2000年以來我們一直住在這里. ( 說明一直住在這里, 也許還會住下去. ) She has worked in Nanning for five years. She has been ill for a week. 2）表示過去發(fā)生的或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果. eg: I have lost my pen. 我把鋼筆弄丟了

2、. ( 過去某時丟的, 現(xiàn)在還沒有找到 ) I have already watched the TV play. 我已經(jīng)看過這部電視劇了.- Have you had your lunch yet ? 你吃過午飯了嗎? - Yes, I have just had it. 是的, 我剛吃過. ( 說明現(xiàn)在飽了) 2. 結(jié)構(gòu): 主語 + have / has + done + 3. 句型: 肯定句: 主語 + have / has + done + eg： She has been to Shanghai. 她去過上海. I have finished doing my homework. 我

3、已經(jīng)完成我的作業(yè)了. 否定句: 主語 + have / has + not +done + eg： I havent seen this film. 我沒有看過這部電影. eg： She hasnt finished doing his homework. 她還沒有完成她的作業(yè). 一般疑問句： Have / Has + 主語 + done + eg: Have you seen this film ? Yes, I have. / No, I havent . 你看過這部電影嗎? 是的, 看過. / 不, 沒有. eg： Has she finished doing his homework

4、? Yes, she has . / No, she hasnt. 她完成她的作業(yè)了嗎? 是的, 完成了. / 不, 沒有. 特殊疑問句： 特殊疑問詞 + have / has + 主語 + done + eg: When has you seen this film ? 你什么時候看的這部電影? eg: Who has finished doing his homework ? 誰完成了作業(yè)? 4. 時間狀語：典型的表時間的詞與現(xiàn)在完成時連用，這些詞有：for 、since、 already、 yet、 ever、 never、 recently、just、before、 so far、 b

5、y now、 等連用. 注意: for+一段時間 since+過去的某一個時間點 I have lived in Nanning for ten years. I have lived in Nanning since ten years ago/ 2002. I havent eaten anything for ten hours. I ha havent eaten anything since 6am. already :用于肯定句, 可放在助動詞之后、過去分詞之前，也可放在句末. I have already finished my homework. yet: 用在疑問句中意為”已

6、經(jīng)”, 用在否定句中表示”還”, 常放在句末. Have you finished your homework yet? I havent finished my homework yet. ever: 曾經(jīng) 用于疑問句中： Have you ever been to Beijing? Have you ever been to Shanghai ? 你去過上海嗎? never: 未曾 從未 I have never traveled by plane before. 我以前從來沒有乘飛機旅行過.recently：最近 用于肯定 否定 疑問句中 I have been busy recentl

7、y. We have not seen Tom recently. Have they been here recently. eg: I have just seen Tom. I havent heard of it before. 我以前從來沒有聽說過這件事. They have planted 2000 trees so far. The child has learned 100 English words by now.5. 當與一段時間連用時, 經(jīng)常用for 加一段時間, 這時候謂語動詞一定要用延續(xù)性的. 非延續(xù)性動詞-延續(xù)性動詞 改錯：They have got married

8、 for ten years. I have borrowed this book for a week. get married- be married borrow - keep come - be here go - be away / off buy - have start / begin - be on leave - be away die - be dead arrive-be in/at join-be in /be a member of stop-be over return-be back open/close-be closed/openeg: He came her

9、e three days ago. 他三天前來的這. (一般過去時) He has been here for three days. 他來這已經(jīng)三天了. (現(xiàn)在完成時與一段時間連用, 非延續(xù)性動詞變延續(xù)性動詞. ) He went to Dalian last week. 他上周去的大連. ( 一般過去時 )He has been away for a week. 他已經(jīng)離開有一周了. ( 現(xiàn)在完成時 )I bought the book last month. 我去年買的這本書. ( 一般過去時 ) I have had the book for a month. 我保管這本書有一周了.

10、( 現(xiàn)在完成時 ) The football match started an hour ago. The football match has been on for an hour. 6. 詞義辨析 have been to 曾經(jīng)去過某地，說話時已經(jīng)從某地回來或者已從該地去了其他的地方。 eg: I have been to Canada. 我去過加加拿大. have gone to 已經(jīng)去了某地，書說話時還未回來。 eg: He has gone to Dalian. 他去了大連. have been in 已在某地待了多久，大地方用in 小地方用at, 后面是副詞則不用介詞 The Greens have been in China for two years. 7. 現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別：1）、側(cè)重點不用， 現(xiàn)在完成時是與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時態(tài)， 側(cè)重于過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響， 而一般過去時是一種過去的時態(tài)， 側(cè)重于表示過去的動作， 與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。 I went the zoo yesterday. 盡說昨天去了動物園，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。 Li lei has read the