最新How-to-teach-english-by-Jeremy-Harmer-歸納總結(jié)

1、1.How to be a good teacher?What makes a good teacher?Make their lesson interesting.Love his jobHas his own personality and doesn t hide it from the students.Lots of knowledge, not only his subjectEntertainer who can amuse studentsFriendly and can help solve problemsHas an affinity with the studentsT

2、ry and draw out quite ones/control more talkative onesCan correct people without offending themHelps rather than shoutsKnow students nameClass management the ability to control and inspire a classHow should teachers talk to studentsRoughtunetheirlanguagetothestudents levels:exaggeratedtoneofvoice/le

3、sscomp lexgrammatical structures/less difficult words/eye contactPhysical movementgestures/expressions/mimeHow to give instructions:They must be kept as simple as possible/be logicalCheck if they understand1 / 11How to talk in class:Balance stt and ttt(comprehensible input). Maxim STTWhat are the be

4、st kinds of lesson?Balance between predictable safety and unexpected varietyHow important is it to follow a prearranged plan:Concentratedontheteacher sabilitytorespondflexiblytowhathappensinclass,even whileattempting to follow a pre-arranged plan.How to be a good learnerThe hours they spend practici

5、ng and always do homework/age/levelHow important the students motivationIntegrative motivationinstrumental motivationWho is responsible for learning?Good learners take some responsibility learning themselves/encourage selfstudyingCharacters that good classroom learners share: the desirability to usi

6、ng proper learning skillsAwillingnesstolisten/toexperiment/toaskquestions/tothinkabouthowtolearn/acc eptcorrectionAdultlearner:alsocanbedisruptivelikeadolescents/nervousaboutlearning/morew orldknowledge/greater tolerance for“ seriouslearning”.Balance serious study of English with the more entertaini

7、ng activities.Different levels:Beginners(falsebeginners)(elementary)(lowerintermediate)intermediate(upperi ntermediate)advanced2 / 11Rough tunedifferent language level/different questionsDifferent activities: pronunciation practice/simple introduction dialogue/abstract discussion3. how to manage tea

8、ching and learning:Teachers physical presence in class:Proximity: how closeAppropriacy: crouching down/same level movement: move around the class to some extent.Makecontactwith students(esp eye contact)How to use their voice:Audibility clearly heard without shouting in a disagreeable wayVariety stre

9、ss the need for varietyConservation take good care of their voiceHow to mark the stage of lesson:Markstagesandchangesclearlysothatstudentsknowwhat sgoingon.Goodteacheknowhow to start the class and also know how to close it so that there was a feeling of completeness.Sitting arrangement:Orderly rows

10、keep in touch with whats going on and involve all the studentsCircles and horseshoes teacher dominatedSeparate tables tongshangStudent grouping:Whole classGroup work and pair work3 / 11SoloworkTeacher also should evaluate themselvesTryoutnewtechniques/evaluatethemselves/findoutwhetherstudentsfoundth

11、emu sefulorenjoyable/should find variety of means to keep track of their students progress4.how to describe learning and teachingWhat do we know about language learningUnconscious learning in natural circumstanceContact with language for the purpose of communicationElements necessary to learn langua

12、ge in the real worldExposure motivation useElement for language learning in classroom:Engage: to arouse the students interest, thus involving their emotionsStudy: to focus on language or information and how it is constructedActivate: to try out real language use to rehearse for the real worldEsa seq

13、uenceTeacher s responsibility to vary the sequences and content of our lessonsStraight arrow sequence esaBoomerang sequence easa“ Patchwork ” sequence eaasasea etc.Teaching models:Grammar translation4 / 11Audio-lingualismPPPTBLCLT6. how to teach languageWhat does language study consist of:Be exposed

14、 to itUnderstand its meaningUnderstand its formPractice itWhy do students make mistakesPart of the natural process of learningLearning is a gradual development involving different stagesAppearstoregressbutactuallytheyareadvancing.Accuracysometimesdoesn fullmastery.How should teacher correct students

15、Point outAsk classmates to help outNot let the student fell humiliatedStudents sometimes enjoy helping each other7. How to teach readingStrategic reading5 / 11Fluent readingReading teach models:Bottom up modelsTop-down modelsIntensive reading approach(baohanqianliangzhe sometimes)Interactive modelsW

16、hy teach reading:For careers, for study purposes or for pleasureFor exposed to EnglishTo provide good models for English writingTo provide opportunities to study languageWhat kind of reading should students do?Balance students capabilities and their interestsTopics and reading text also worth consid

17、eringDepend on who the students areWhat reading skills should students acquireScan for particular informationSkim for the general ideaTo read for detailed comprehensionPrinciples behind the teaching of readingReading is not a passive skill6 / 11Students need to be engaged with what they are readingS

18、tudents should be encouraged to respond to the content of the text, not just the languagePrediction is a major fact in readingMatch the task to the topicExploit reading texts to the full8. How to teaching writing?Why teach writing?ReinforcementLanguage developmentLearning styleWriting as a skillWhat

19、 kind of writing should students do?Abilities and levelsEveryday stylesInterestsHow to correct?Avoid over-correctionUse written symbolsHandwriting: encourage students to write clearly and legiblyLined paper9. how to teaching speakingWhat kind of speaking should students do?7 / 11Activate exercise: s

20、tudents use the language at their command to perform some kind lf oral task.Why ?RehearsalFeedbackEngagementHow to correct:In discussion and role-plays, constant interruption form the teacher will destroy the purpose ofspeaking activity.Note down mistakes, and correct afterwards.Not to single studen

21、ts put for particular criticism.What should teachers do during a speaking activity?Sometimes can join in students speaking activities, but should not dominate it.Prompting is often necessary but teachers should do it sympathetically and sensitively.10. how to teaching listeningWhy teach listeningTo

22、hear different varieties and accentsTo help students to acquire language subconsciouslyListening is a skill and can help listeners communicate more effectively.What kind of listening should students do?Authentic listening material and realistic tapeThose can help gain confidence at the beginning.Not

23、 very long8 / 11The level and the kind of task that go with a tapeWhat s special about listenin?gTapes go at the same speed for everydayStudents are encouraged to listen for general understanding first rather details immediatelySpoken language has a number of unique featuresPrinciples behind the tea

24、ching of listening?The tape recorder is just as important as the tapePreparation is vitalOnce will not be enoughStudents should be encouraged to response to the content of the text, not just to the language.Different listening stages demand different listening taskGood teacher exploit listening text

25、 to the fullTeaching listening strategiesPredictionInferringMonitoringClarifyingRespondingEvaluatingWhere does video fit in?Choose video material according to the level and interests of our studentsVideo is richer than audiotape, so that background information can be filled in visually.Students can pay less attention to what they are listening9 / 11Students may treat it uncritically rather as they treat watching TVdangerPlaying the tape without soundPlaying the tape but covering the pictureFreezing the pictureDivide