高三英語名校試題精品匯編(第1期)專題08：情態(tài)動詞及虛擬語氣

1、2013屆高三英語名校試題巨獻（教師版）第8講 情態(tài)動詞及虛擬語氣專題情態(tài)動詞的解題技巧：(1) 認(rèn)真審題，結(jié)合所給出的語境，正確把握說話者的語氣、情感、態(tài)度、觀點等。(2) 認(rèn)真思考所給選項中情態(tài)動詞的基本特征和用法，并結(jié)合語境推敲答案。(3) 要注意把握時間概念。 a. can manage b. could have managedc. could manage d. can have managed根據(jù)題干中所給出的時間last week可知我們已經(jīng)做完了工作，已經(jīng)完成，故排除a、c兩項，再結(jié)合could have done表示虛擬語氣以及與前面的i dont think，故說話者想表

2、達的意思是：離開了你，我們本不可能完成這項工作。故答案為b項。情態(tài)動詞用法歸類與高考試題分析：（一）表示推測的情態(tài)動詞 (1) must表示推測，意為“一定”，只能用于肯定句中。 must have done意為：一定做過某事或某事肯定發(fā)生了。 例如： she looks very happy. she _ have passed the exam.i guess so. its not difficult after all. a. should b. could c. must d. might【解析】句意為：她看上去很高興，一定是通過了考試。【答案】c(2) should (not) /

3、 ought (not) to在中表示根據(jù)常規(guī)或常識推測，表示“某事應(yīng)該或不應(yīng)該發(fā)生”，語氣比must或cant / couldnt稍弱。例如：hows your tour around the north lake? is it beautiful?it _ be, but it is now heavily polluted.a. will b. would c. should d. must there _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving

4、 school. a. mustnt b. shant c. shouldnt d. neednt【解析】句意：既然你在駕校進行了大量訓(xùn)練，那么通過道路測試按理不應(yīng)該有困難c(3) can, could表達推測時，一般用于疑問句和否定句中；can用于肯定句中表示一種理論上的可能性，并不牽涉是否真的會發(fā)生，在這種用法中can只能與動詞原形連用；could用于肯定句中，語氣比may/ might更弱。 you _ be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago! a. wouldnt b. cant c. mustnt d. needntshe

5、 _ have left school, for her bike is still here. a. cant b. wouldnt c. shouldnt d. needntit is usually warm in my hometown in march, but it _ be rather cold sometime. a. must b. can c. should d. wouldpeter _ be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general. a. shallb. shouldc. c

6、and. must (4)may (not) / might (not)表達一種不太把握的推測，意為“或許，可能”；might的語氣比may較婉轉(zhuǎn)。例如： liza _ well not want to go on the trip - she hates traveling. a. will b. can c. must d. may【解析】may well為固定搭配，意為：很可能，極有可能。【答案】 although this _ sound like a simple task, great care is needed. a. must b. may c. shall d. shoul

7、di cant find my purse anywhere. you _ have lost it while shopping. a. may b. can c. should d. would【解析】結(jié)合語境可知，回答者是在提醒對方：或許購物時把錢包丟了?！敬鸢浮縜（二）表達虛擬語氣的情態(tài)動詞對過去的一種結(jié)果的假設(shè)或虛擬，用情態(tài)動詞+have done這一結(jié)構(gòu)，常用的有以下幾個情態(tài)動詞：(1) should (not) / ought (not) to have done本（不）應(yīng)該做某事，但卻沒有做或做了，含有責(zé)備或后悔之意。例如：im sorry. i _at you the oth

8、er day.forget it. i was a bit out of control myself. a. shouldnt shout b. shouldnt have shoutedc. mustnt shoutc. mustnt have shouted【解析】對不起，我那天本不應(yīng)該對你大喊大叫的。【答案】b (2) could have done本來能夠做某事但未做。例如：thank you for all your hard work last week. i dont think we _ it without you. a. can manage b. could have

9、managedc. could manage d. can have managed (3) neednt have done本沒有必要做某事但卻做了。要注意neednt do則表達“沒有必要去做某事”，時間上應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。例如：catherine, i have cleaned the room for you.thanks. you _ it. i could manage it myself. a. neednt do b. neednt have done c. mustnt do d. shouldnt have donethe boss has given everyone a

10、 special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow. a. cant b. mustnt c. neednt d. shouldnt【解析】老板給所有的員工放了假，所以我們明天不必再去上班?！敬鸢浮縞(4)would (not) have done本來(不)會發(fā)生某事，但卻（發(fā)生了）或沒有發(fā)生。常用于虛擬條件句或含蓄虛擬條件引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣，表示對過去所發(fā)生事情結(jié)果的假設(shè)。例如：he hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise, he _ a goal. a. had scored b.

11、scored c. would score d. would have scored【解析】句中otherwise為含蓄條件，相當(dāng)于if he had not hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，這是對過去的一種虛擬假設(shè)?！敬鸢浮縟(5) might have done表示“本來可能”，但實際上沒有發(fā)生的事。例如：(nmet2008江西)what a pity! considering his ability and experience, he _ better. a. need have done b. must have done

12、c. can have done d. might have done（三）表達“情感、態(tài)度、語氣” 等方面的情態(tài)動詞1. must表達“情感、態(tài)度、語氣”主要有以下用法：(1) 表示主觀的義務(wù)和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑問句，意思為“必須，得，要”；由must引起的疑問句，肯定回答要用must或have to， 否定回答要用neednt或dont have to,意思是“不必”。另外，must與have to都可以表示“必須”這一含義。must表示一種主觀的需要，而have to表示一種客觀的需要，意思是“不得不”，其否定形式是don have to。 例如： -what sort of ho

13、use do you want to have? something big?-well, it _ be big-thats not important. a. mustnt b. neednt c. cant d. wont 【解析】something big?此處意為：must it be big? 回答者的意思是：房子不必太大那并不重要?！敬鸢浮縝 (2) must的否定形式mustnt表示禁止，意思是“不能，不許”。例如：(2008上海春)when i was young, i was told that i _ play with matches a. wouldnt b. nee

14、dnt c. mustnt d. darent (3) must用于條件句或疑問句中，可以用來表示責(zé)備、抱怨的感情色彩，意思為“偏要，硬要、干嘛”。例如：may i smoke here ?if you _, choose a seat in the smoking section. a. should b. could c. may d. mustjohn, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour?amust bcan cmay dneed2. should(1) should應(yīng)該，表示“責(zé)任和義務(wù)”。例如：(nm

15、et2008上海) according to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. a. mayb. can c. wouldd. should (2) 在虛擬條件句中用以加強假設(shè)語氣，表示“與將來事實相反的假設(shè)”，用 if+主語+ should +動詞原形，當(dāng)“萬一(會)”講。這時可省略if，將should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。請看下面的例子： if it should rain (=should it rain) tomorrow, i would stay at home.萬

16、一明天下雨的話，我就待在家里。再如：_ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. a. would you be b. should you be c. could you be d. might you be【解析】句意：萬一你被解雇，給你的醫(yī)療救助和其它方面的福利也不會被取消。答案b(3) should還可以用來表示說話人對某事不能理解、趕到意外、驚異等意思，譯為“竟然，竟會”。例如：you cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _

17、be so rude to a lady. a. might b. need c. should d. would【解析】句意：你想象不到這么一個表現(xiàn)良好的紳士竟然會對一個女士這么粗魯。答案c3. shall(1) shall用于第一和第三人稱，常用于疑問句中，用來征求對方意見。例如：whats the name?khulaifi. _ i spell it for you? a. shall b. would c. can d. might(2) 用于第二和第三人稱，表示“命令、威脅、警告、允諾、”等。例如：excuse me. but i want to use your computer

18、 to type a report.you _have my computer if you dont take care of it . a. shant b. might not c. neednt d. shouldnt【解析】shall此處表示“警告”?！敬鸢浮縜(3) shall也用于宣布法律、規(guī)定的要求。例如：what does the sign over there read? “no person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.” a. will b. may c. shall d

19、. must4. can(1) can可以用來表示驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度，主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中。how _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have only covered only part of the article?a. can b. must c. need d. may 【答案】a(2) can也可以用來表示請求或許可。例如：mum, ive been studying english since 8 oclock. _i go out and play with tom for a

20、 while?no, im afraid not. besides, its raining outside now. a. cant b. wouldnt c. mayd. wont【答案】a (3) can可以表達一般的或永久的能力。be able to也可表達能力，但常用來表達在某件事情中所表現(xiàn)出來的能力，尤指克服困難能夠完成某事。例如： if it were not for the fact that she _ sing, i would invite her to the party. a. couldnt b. shouldnt c. cant d. might not (97)

21、 the fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. a. had to b. would c. could d. was able to 【答案】c d5. would(1)will與would可表示“意愿；意志 ”。john promised his doctor he _ not smoke and he has never smoked ever since. a. might b. should c. could d. would【解析】根據(jù)promise可知此處是john向醫(yī)生表明自己的意志。

22、【答案】d(2) would表示過去傾向性或習(xí)慣性的動作。used to 也有這一用法，但used to即可用來表達過去的習(xí)慣性的動作，也可用來表示過去的狀態(tài)。例如： (上海)when he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. a. would b. should c. had better d. might (07安徽)in my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than _. a. that us

23、ed to be b. it is used to c. it was used to d. it used to be第一題would指過去習(xí)慣性的動作；第二題it 替代life, used to be 指過去的樣子。a d名校模擬試題匯編訓(xùn)練（15分鐘）1.【2012屆江西省臨川一中高三6月信息卷】23. why do you look so upset?-oh, i was fined for speedingi _ that fastashouldnt drive bmustnt drive ccouldnt have driven dshouldnt have driven 2.【2

24、012屆安徽高考最后一卷】22.you had better break up with the boy, lucy.i dont hang out with him any more. you have told me that at the beginning.a. would b. should c. could d. must3.【2012屆安徽省六安一中高三第十次月考】25、does your uncle still smoke?he given it up. its two years ever since he .acant have; smoked bmay have; smo

25、kedcshould have; has smoked dshould have; didnt smoke【答案】b【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。may have done 表示“可能已經(jīng)做某事了”；第二空表示“他不吸煙有兩年了”，此句型中用延續(xù)性動詞表示動作停止。4.【2012屆安徽省六安一中高三第十次月考】28、were committed to the project; we be here otherwise.ashant bshouldnt cwouldnt dneednt5.【2012屆上海市高考適應(yīng)性考試英語試卷】27. - i dont know why denise started

26、crying when i mentioned the wedding.- it _ what you said about her brother. or, perhaps she is just nervous. a. should have been b. couldnt have been c. could have been d. must have been【答案】c【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。句意：可能你談到了他的哥哥或者也許她緊張。6.【2012屆天津一中高三第五次月考】15. my pain _ obvious the moment i walked into the roo

27、m, for the first man i met asked sympathetically, “are you feeling all right?”a. must beb. must have beenc. might have beend. may be【答案】b【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。此處must have been表示對過去的事實的推測。7.【2012屆甘肅蘭州一中三診】8. the school recommends parents _ their children to swim in rivers or lakes during summer holidays.a. n

28、ot permit b. do not permit c. mustnt permit d. couldnt permit8.【2012屆甘肅蘭州一中三診】20. i cant believe that jeff _ have quarreled and fought with his boss. - well, if one _ ask for trouble, it just cant be helped.a. would; will b. must; may c. should; must d. need; dare 【答案】c【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。第一空should意為：竟然；第

29、二空must意為：一定。句意：我不能相信jeff竟然和他的老板爭吵、打架。-如果一個人偏要找麻煩的話，那沒辦法。9.【2012屆西安八校聯(lián)考二】22mary didnt turn up last time, did she?noshe _we had changed our plan待添加的隱藏文字內(nèi)容1adidnt need to come bneednt have comecshouldnt have come dneednt have to come【答案】a【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。句意：mary上次沒有出現(xiàn)，是嗎？-不。她沒必要來。我們改變了計劃。10.【2012屆河北省唐山市三模

30、】26 you read when the power is off ? its harmful to your eyes .acanbwillcmustdmay11.【2012屆河北省唐山市三?！?4if only i the key with me ! then you would not have to wait for your wifes rescue.ahad had bhave had chaddhave【答案】c【解析】考查虛擬語氣的用法。此處表示與現(xiàn)在的事實相反，故用一般過去時。句意：要是我?guī)е€匙該多好??！12.【2012屆江蘇徐州市高考信息卷】30. does the s

31、uggestion sound reasonable that smith _ about his physical condition as soon as possible? a. must be told b. shall be told c. should be told d. may be told13.【2012屆江蘇徐州市高考信息卷】33. did our class win the game? we _, but li ping dropped out in the middle of the game because of his ankle injury. a. may h

32、ave b. might have c. must have d. should have【答案】b【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。句意：我們本可能贏得比賽的，但李平因踝受傷，中途退場。14.【2012屆江西臨川一中沖刺卷】28. its a pity that you _ leave so soon. its been so nice having you here.a、shouldb、couldc、cand、might15.【2012屆四川成都市樹德協(xié)進中學(xué)5月月考】30. _ i read english loudly in the morning, i would start from t

33、oday on. a. must b. should c. might d. shall【答案】b【解析】考查虛擬語氣的用法。含有if的條件句，如果把if省略，助動詞前置。16.【2012屆福建漳州市四地七校第四次聯(lián)考】27 no wonder you caught a cold. you _ out last night without a coat. i know how silly i was. a. should have gone b. shouldnt have gone c. cant have gone d. mustnt have gone17.【2012屆福建漳州市四地七校第四次聯(lián)考】35without sir tim, the father of the www,