畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)自清洗過濾器的plc控制系統(tǒng)(含開題報(bào)告、中英文翻譯）

1、本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）開題報(bào)告裝訂線（學(xué)生用表）論文（設(shè)計(jì)）題目自清洗過濾器的plc控制系統(tǒng)學(xué)部信息科學(xué)與工程學(xué)部專業(yè)電氣工程及其自動(dòng)化學(xué)科工學(xué)學(xué)生指導(dǎo)教師職稱1課題的來源及意義1.1課題來源 隨著人類環(huán)境和資源保護(hù)意識(shí)的增強(qiáng)，如何合理地利用水、降低污水對(duì)環(huán)境所造成的污染，己經(jīng)越來越引起人們的重視。如何提高水的利用率，降低污水對(duì)環(huán)境造成的破壞，保護(hù)珍貴的水資源，對(duì)我們具有更加重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和日常生活中所產(chǎn)生的廢水，其實(shí)也是一種可再生的資源。如果能夠通過一定的技術(shù)手段對(duì)其進(jìn)行回收處理和再次利用，就能大幅提高水的利用效率，同時(shí)也是緩解淡水資源匱乏的有效途徑。在水處理過程中，無論是原水凈

2、化還是污水的再處理，過濾始終是重要的環(huán)節(jié)，是對(duì)水進(jìn)行深度處理的基礎(chǔ)1。1.2研究意義目前，我國(guó)仍有很多企業(yè)使用傳統(tǒng)的單向流通過濾器，這種過濾器在過濾持續(xù)過程中，液體內(nèi)的固態(tài)雜質(zhì)被過濾元件截留在表面，逐步沉積，導(dǎo)致過濾元件兩端壓力差增大，過濾的效率隨之下降。傳統(tǒng)的過濾分離設(shè)備連續(xù)生產(chǎn)能力低，自動(dòng)化程度不高，造成資源的巨大浪費(fèi)。因此需要設(shè)計(jì)一種可實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)反沖洗，自動(dòng)化程度高， 能夠連續(xù)工作運(yùn)行的過濾器控制系統(tǒng)。近年來國(guó)內(nèi)外開發(fā)研制了具備自清洗功能的過濾器。這種過濾器不僅占地面積小，而且可以在不打斷過濾連續(xù)性的同時(shí)，對(duì)過濾元件進(jìn)行清洗，自動(dòng)化程度較高，節(jié)省了人力資源，使過濾效率大大提高2。2國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)

3、展?fàn)顩r自清洗過濾器的發(fā)源地是以色列，源于以色列屬于極度缺水的國(guó)家。他們首先開發(fā)了多樣化的水資源管理技術(shù)和節(jié)水新技術(shù)，并用于農(nóng)業(yè)噴灌、滴灌，逐漸發(fā)展到工業(yè)及各行各業(yè)。自動(dòng)清洗過濾器的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是體積小，造價(jià)低、技術(shù)水平高、使用方便，可直接裝置在管道上。在冶金行業(yè)的循環(huán)水系統(tǒng)中，自動(dòng)清洗過濾器的應(yīng)用日趨廣泛，我國(guó)近期引進(jìn)的連鑄、高爐、熱軋用水系統(tǒng)各種加熱爐、乳化劑系統(tǒng)以及封閉的水循環(huán)系統(tǒng)，大量采用了具有v型斷面縫隙式自動(dòng)清洗過濾器3。在使用plc設(shè)計(jì)的過濾器全自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)中，設(shè)備工作過程由專用的plc控制器控制，過濾、沖洗狀態(tài)之間能夠自動(dòng)切換?？刂葡到y(tǒng)反應(yīng)靈敏，運(yùn)行精確。由于控制系統(tǒng)采用plc控制使得功

4、能改變變得簡(jiǎn)單，能夠隨時(shí)按客戶的要求改變功能，可操作性強(qiáng)，并且清洗高效、徹底，系統(tǒng)可恢復(fù)性強(qiáng)。該系統(tǒng)還具有結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)緊湊合理，占地面積小，安裝靈活方便等優(yōu)點(diǎn)4。3研究目標(biāo)、內(nèi)容、方法和進(jìn)度安排3.1研究目標(biāo)采用plc作為主控元件，開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)自清洗過濾器的plc控制系統(tǒng)，完成對(duì)自清洗過濾器的復(fù)位、啟動(dòng)、自清洗、停機(jī)、報(bào)警的系統(tǒng)控制。當(dāng)自清洗過濾器控制系統(tǒng)處于工作狀態(tài)時(shí)，使所有設(shè)備按照程序運(yùn)行，實(shí)現(xiàn)自清洗過濾器的自動(dòng)化控制。3.2主要內(nèi)容綜述過濾技術(shù)、過濾設(shè)備的現(xiàn)狀以及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，并對(duì)具體的自動(dòng)清洗過濾器的控制系統(tǒng)做詳細(xì)介紹，得出本文研究的意義所在。 介紹全自動(dòng)自清洗過濾器開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)的方案，包括過濾器的工

5、作原理、主要組件和過濾器的控制系統(tǒng)，最終確定本文使用的自清洗過濾器控制系統(tǒng)主要組件的型號(hào)及參數(shù)。根據(jù)plc的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理，對(duì)過濾器控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)分析，具體分析設(shè)計(jì)自清洗過濾器的硬件系統(tǒng)和軟件系統(tǒng)。最終設(shè)計(jì)一套，以plc作為控制主機(jī)的過濾器自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)，完成可人工、自動(dòng)切換，功能擴(kuò)展方便的控制方案，繪制過濾器啟動(dòng)、運(yùn)行、自清洗(反沖洗)、停機(jī)的控制梯形圖。最后模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)調(diào)試程序，驗(yàn)證控制系統(tǒng)的可行性。3.3進(jìn)度安排1周-2周， 進(jìn)行英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯，寫出畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告；3周-8周， 查閱資料，設(shè)計(jì)分析硬件系統(tǒng)； 9周-11周， 軟件系統(tǒng)載入硬件或仿真軟件運(yùn)行調(diào)試，修正完善程序；12周-14周

6、， 撰寫畢業(yè)論文，修改完善畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，準(zhǔn)備畢業(yè)答辯。 4實(shí)驗(yàn)方案的可行性分析可編程控制器plc是一種能進(jìn)行數(shù)字運(yùn)算操作的電子系統(tǒng)，專為在工業(yè)環(huán)境下應(yīng)用而設(shè)計(jì)。它采用可編程的存貯器，用來在其內(nèi)部存貯執(zhí)行邏輯運(yùn)算、順序控制、定時(shí)、計(jì)數(shù)和算術(shù)運(yùn)算等操作的指令，并通過數(shù)字或模擬的輸入和輸出，控制各種類型的機(jī)械或生產(chǎn)過程?？删幊绦蚩刂破骷捌溆嘘P(guān)設(shè)備，都應(yīng)按易于與工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)形成一個(gè)整體、易于擴(kuò)充其功能的原則而設(shè)計(jì)。plc具有通用性強(qiáng)、使用方便、適應(yīng)面廣、可靠性高、抗干擾能力強(qiáng)、編程簡(jiǎn)單等特點(diǎn)，國(guó)內(nèi)一些廠家生產(chǎn)的自動(dòng)反沖洗過濾器多是基于plc控制的5。5參考文獻(xiàn)1 陸柱,蔡蘭坤,叢梅.給水與用水處理技術(shù)m.

7、北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2004.2 劉穎,宋淑云.采油廢水處理技術(shù)的應(yīng)用及研究進(jìn)展j油氣田環(huán)境保護(hù)，2008：5-483 王愛偉，朱海軍.自清洗過濾器結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)與應(yīng)用前景j.石油和化工，2007.8:68-694 張曉光,鄭蔭林,姜春波.國(guó)內(nèi)外自動(dòng)清洗過濾器的發(fā)展及應(yīng)用j.丹東紡專學(xué)報(bào)，2002.3:28-295 呂燕.水處理系統(tǒng)中過濾器的plc控制j.自動(dòng)化技術(shù)與應(yīng)用，2009.28（5）:1-2 學(xué)生簽名： 年 月 日本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）中期報(bào)告裝訂線（學(xué)生用表）學(xué)部信息科學(xué)與工程專業(yè)年級(jí)學(xué)生指導(dǎo)教師課題名稱自清洗過濾器的plc控制系統(tǒng)預(yù)期成果形式畢業(yè)論文預(yù)期目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)自清洗過濾器自動(dòng)控制簡(jiǎn)

8、述開題以來所做的具體工作和取得的進(jìn)展或成果：第一至二周，對(duì)自清洗過濾器系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的課題來源、研究意義、發(fā)展前景以及可行性進(jìn)行了分析，并且完成了開題報(bào)告。第三至四周，明確了被控對(duì)象即自清洗過濾器控制系統(tǒng)的工作過程，列出了設(shè)備清單以及各個(gè)硬件的參數(shù)、性能、使用方法和型號(hào)。第五至六周，確定了實(shí)驗(yàn)具體所使用的硬件、軟件、控制系統(tǒng)和程序結(jié)構(gòu)，并且繪制出了系統(tǒng)流程圖。第七周，設(shè)計(jì)了實(shí)驗(yàn)過程，明確了實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康囊约跋胍?yàn)證的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。存在的具體問題：1、 在實(shí)驗(yàn)搭建環(huán)節(jié)，對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證說明的問題模糊。2、 未明確實(shí)驗(yàn)搭建中使用實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備的硬件參數(shù)及型號(hào)。3、 忽視了人機(jī)交互系統(tǒng)，難以實(shí)現(xiàn)人為的對(duì)系統(tǒng)的控制。通過每周討論

9、會(huì)，在老師的悉心指導(dǎo)下，查閱相關(guān)資料，熟悉實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備，明確了實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模_定實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備的硬件參數(shù)及型號(hào)，又對(duì)系統(tǒng)加裝觸摸屏監(jiān)控設(shè)備解決了上述問題。下一步工作具體設(shè)想與安排：1、第八周編寫系統(tǒng)控制程序。2、第九周在實(shí)驗(yàn)室完成調(diào)試。4、 第十周撰寫畢業(yè)論文。5、 第十一周修改畢業(yè)論文。6、 第十二周制作ppt文檔。最后完成答辯。指導(dǎo)教師意見：指導(dǎo)教師簽名：年 月 日plc technique discussion and future developmentalong with the development of the ages, the technique that is nowadays is

10、also gradually perfect, the competition plays more strong; the operation that list depends the artificial has already cant satisfied with the current manufacturing industry foreground, also cant guarantee the request of the higher quantity and high new the image of the technique business enterprise.

11、the people see in produce practice, automate brought the tremendous convenience and the product quantities for people up of assurance, also eased the personnels labor strength, reduce the establishment on the personnel. the target control of the hard realization in many complicated production lines,

12、 whole and excellent turn, the best decision etc., well-trained operation work, technical personnel or expert, governor but can judge and operate easily, can acquire the satisfied result. the research target of the artificial intelligence makes use of the calculator exactly to carry out, imitate the

13、se intelligences behavior, moderating the work through persons brain and calculators, with the mode that persons machine combine, for resolve the very complicated problem to look for the best pathwe come in sight of the control that links after the electric appliances in various situation, that is a

14、lready the that time generation past, now of after use in the mold a perhaps simple equipments of grass-roots control that the electric appliances can do for the low level only; and the plc emergence also became the epoch-making topic, adding the vivid software control through a very and stable hard

15、ware, making the automation head for the new high tide.the plc biggest characteristics lie in: the electrical engineering teacher already no longer electric hardware up too many calculations of cost, as long as order the importation that the button switch or the importation of the sensors order to l

16、ink the plc up can solve problem, pass to output to order the conjunction contact machine or control the start equipments of the big power after the electric appliances, but the exportation equipments direct conjunction of the small power can.plc internal containment have the cpu of the cpu, and tak

17、e to have an i/ o for expand of exterior to connect a peoples address and saving machine three big pieces to constitute, cpu core is from an or many is tired to add the machine to constitute, mathematics that they have the logic operation ability, and can read the procedure save the contents of the

18、machine to drive the homologous saving machine and i/ os to connect after pass the calculation; the i/ o add inner part is tired the input and output system of the machine and exterior link, and deposit the related data into the procedure saving machine or data saving machine; the saving machine can

19、 deposit the data that the i/ o input in the saving machine, and in work adjusting to become tired to add the machine and i/ os to connect, saving machine separately saving machine ram of the procedure saving machine rom and dates, the rom can do deposit of the data permanence in the saving machine,

20、 but ram only for the cpu computes the temporary calculation usage of hour of buffer space.the plc anti- interference is very and excellent, our root need not concern its service life and the work situation bad, these all problems have already no longer become the topic that we fail, but stay to our

21、 is a concern to come to internal resources of make use of the plc to strengthen the control ability of the equipments for us, make our equipments more gentle.plc language is not we imagine of edit collected materials the language or language of cs to carry on weaving the distance, but the trapezoid

22、 diagram that the adoption is original after the electric appliances to control, make the electrical engineering teacher while weaving to write the procedure very easy comprehended the plc language, and a lot of non- electricity professional also very quickly know and go deep into to the plc.is plc

23、one of the advantage above and only, this is also one part that the people comprehend more and easily, in a lot of equipments, the people have already no longer hoped to see too many control buttons, they damage not only and easily and produce the artificial error easiest, small is not a main error

24、perhaps you can still accept; but lead even is a fatal error greatly is what we cant is tolerant of. new technique always for bringing more safe and convenient operation for us, make we a lot of problems for face on sweep but light, do you understand the hmi? says the hmi here you basically not clea

25、r what it is, also have no interest understanding, change one inside text explains it into the touch to hold or man-machine interface you knew, and it combines with the plc to our larger space.hmi the control not only is reduced the control press button, increase the vivid of the control, more main

26、of it is can sequence of, and at can the change data input to output the feedback with data, control in the temperature curve of imitate but also can keep the manifestation of view to come out. and can write the function help procedure through a plait to provide the help of various what lies in ones

27、 power, the one who make operate reduces the otiose error. currently the hmi factory is also more and more, the function is also more and more strong, the price is also more and more low, and the noodles of the usage are wide more and more. the hmi foreground can say that think to be good very.at a

28、lot of situations, the list is a smooth movement that cant guarantee the equipments by the control of the single machine, but pass the information exchanges of the equipments and equipments to attain the result that we want. for example fore pack and the examination of the empress work preface, we w

29、ill arrive wrapping information feedback to examine the place, and examine the information of the place to also want the feedback to packing. pass the information share thus to make both the chain connect, becoming a total body, the match of your that thus make is more close, at each other attain to

30、 reflect the result that mutually flick.the plc correspondence has already come more body now its value, at the plc and correspondence between plcs, can pass the communication of the information and the share of the dates to guarantee that of the equipments moderates mutually, the result that arrive

31、 already to repair with each other. data conversion the adoption rs232 between plc connect to come to the transmission data, but the rs232 pick up a people and can guarantee 10 meters only of deliver the distance, if in the distance of 1000 meters we can pass the rs485 to carry on the correspondence

32、, the longer distance can pass the model only to carry on deliver.the plc data transmission is just to be called a form to it in a piece of and continuous address that the data of the inner part delivers the other party, we, the plc of the other party passes to read data in the watch to carry on the

33、 operation. if the data that data in the watch is a to establish generally, that is just the general data transmission, for example today of oil price rise, i want to deliver the price of the oil price to lose the oil ally on board, that is the share of the data; but take data in the watch for an in

34、struction procedure that controls the plc, that had the difficulty very much, for example you have to control one pedestal robot to press the action work that you imagine, you will draw up for it the form that a procedure combine with the data sends out to pass by.the form that information transport

35、 contain single work, the half a work and the difference of a workers .the meaning of the single work also is to say both, a can send out only, but a can receive only, for example a spy he can receive the designation of the superior only, but cant give the superior reply; a work of half is also 2 an

36、d can send out similar to accept the data, but cant send out and accept at the same time, for example when you make a phone call is to cant answer the phone, the other party also; but whole pair works is both can send out and accept the data, and can send out and accept at the same time. be like the

37、 internet is a typical example.the process that information transport also has synchronous and different step cent: the data line and the clock lines are synchronous when synchronous meaning lie in sending out the data, is also the data signal and the clock signals to be carry on by the cpu to send

38、out at the same time, this needs to all want the specialized clock signal each other to carry on the transmission and connect to send, and is constrained, the characteristics of this kind of method lies in its speed very quick, but correspond work time of take up the cpu and also want to be long opp

39、ositely, at the same time the technique difficulty also very big. its request lies in canting have an error margins in a dates deliver, otherwise the whole piece according to compare the occurrence mistake, this on the hardware is a bigger difficulty. applied more and more extensive in some appropri

40、ative equipments, be like the appropriative medical treatment equipments, the numerical signal equipments.etc., in compare the one data deliver, its result is very good.and the different step is an application the most extensive, this receive benefit in it of technique difficulty is opposite and wan

41、t to be small, at the same time not need to prepare the specialized clock signal, its characteristics to lie in, its data is partition, the long-lost send out and accept, be the cpu is too busy of time can grind to a stop sex to work, also reduced the difficulty on the hardware, the data throw to lo

42、se at the same time opposite want to be little, we can pass the examination of the data to observe whether the data that we send out has the mistake or not, be like strange accidentally the method, tired addition and eight efficacies method etc., can use to helps whether the data that we examine to

43、send out have or not the mistake occurrence, pass the feedback to carry on the discriminator.a line of transmission of the information contains a string of and combine the cent of: the usual plc is 8 machines, certainly also having 16 machines. we can be an at the time of sending out the data a send

44、 out to the other party, also can be 88 send out the data to the other party, an and 8 differentiations are also the as that we say to send out the data and combine sends out the data. a speed is more and slowly, but as long as 2 or three lines can solve problem, and can use the telephone line to ca

45、rry on the long range control. but combine the ocular transmission speed is very quick of, it is a string of ocular of 25600%, occupy the advantage in the short distance, the in view of the fact ttl electricity is even, being limited by the scope of one meter generally, it combine unwell used for th

46、e data transmission of the long pull, thus the cost is too expensive.under a lot of circumstances we are total to like to adopt the string to combine the conversion chip to carry on deliver, under this kind of circumstance not need us to carry on to deposited the machine to establish too and complic

47、atedly, but carry on the data exchanges through the data transmission instruction directly, but is not a very viable way in the correspondence, because the plc of the other party must has been wait for your data exportation at the time of sending out the data, it cant do other works.when you are rea

48、ding the book, you hear someone knock on door, you stop to start up of affair, open the door and combine to continue with the one who knock on door a dialogue, the telephone of this time rang, you signal hint to connect a telephone, after connecting the telephone through, return overdo come together

49、 knock on door to have a conversation, after dialogue complete, you continue again to see your book, this kind of circumstance we are called the interruption to it, it has the authority, also having sex of have the initiative, the plc had such function .its characteristics lie in us and may meet the

50、 urgently abrupt affairs in the operation process of the equipments, we want to stop to start immediately up of work, the whereabouts manages the more important affair, this kind of circumstance is we usually meet of, plc while carry out urgent mission, total will keep the current appearance first,

51、for example the address of the procedure, cpu of tired add the machine data etc., be like to stick down which the book that we see is when we open the door the page or simply make a mark, because we treat and would still need to continue immediately after book of see the behind. the cpu always does

52、the affair that should do according to our will, but your mistake of give it an affair, it also would be same to do, this we must notice.the interruption is not only a, sometimes existing jointly with the hour several inside break, break off to have the preferred class, they will carry out the inter

53、ruption of the higher class according to persons request. this kind of breaks off the medium interruption to also became to break off the set. the class that certainly break off is relevant according to various resources of cpu with internal plc, also following a heap of capacity size of also releva

54、nt fasten.the contents that break off has a lot of kinds, for example the exterior break off, correspondence in of send out and accept the interruption and settle and the clock that count break off, still have the wdt to reset the interruption etc., they enriched the cpu to respond to the category w

55、hile handle various business. speak thus perhaps you cant comprehend the internal structure and operation orders of the interruption completely also, we do a very small example to explain.each equipment always will not forget a button, it also is at we meet the urgent circumstance use of, which is n

56、asty to stop the button. when we meet the human body trouble and surprised circumstances we as long as press it, the machine stops all operations immediately, and wait for processing the over surprised empress recover the operation again. nasty stop the internal i/ o of the internal cpu of the butto

57、n conjunction plc to connect up, be to press button an exterior to trigger signal for cpu, the cpu carries on to the i/ o to examine again, being to confirm to have the exterior to trigger the signal, cpu protection the spot breaks off procedure counts the machine turn the homologous exterior i/ o a

58、utomatically in the procedure to go to also, be exterior interruption procedure processing complete, the procedure counts the machine to return the main procedure to continue to work. have 1:00 can what to explain is we generally would nasty stop the button of exterior break off to rise to the tallest class, thus guarantee the safety.when we are work a work piece